PURPOSE: Urinary excretion of N acetyl-beta-D glucosaminidase (NAG) and beta2-microglobulin (beta2-M) was increased in the presence of proximal tubular damage. Based on these urinary materials, we investigated the ability of expecting renal function in chronic glomerular diseases. In this study, we evaluated the relationship between glomerular filtration rate (GFR) urinary NAG, and urinary beta2-M. METHODS: We evaluated 52 children with chronic kidney disease at the Chung-Ang University Hospital between January 2003 and August 2009. We investigated the 24-hour urinalysis and hematologic values in all 52 patients. Serum creatinine, creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum cystatin C, urinary beta2-M and urinary NAG were measured. RESULTS: Out of 52 patients, there were 13 children with minimal change in disease, 3 children with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, 17 children with immunoglobulin A nephropathy, 15 children with Henoch-Schonlein purpua nephritis, 3 children with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, and 1 child with thin glomerular basement membrane disease. In these patients, there were significant correlation between the Ccr and urinary NAG (r=-0.817; P<0.01), and between the GFR (as determined by Schwartz method) and urinary NAG (r=-0.821; P<0.01). In addition, there was a significant correlation between the GFR (as determined by Bokencamp method) and urinary NAG (r=-0.858; P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In our study, there was a significant correlation between the GFR and urinary NAG, but there was no correlation between the GFR and urinary beta2-M, suggesting that the GFR can be predicted by urinary NAG in patients with chronic glomerular disease.
Child ; Creatinine ; Cystatin C ; Glomerular Basement Membrane ; Glomerular Filtration Rate ; Glomerulonephritis ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental ; Hexosaminidases ; Humans ; Nephritis ; Proteinuria ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Urinalysis

Hyponatremia which is a very common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients is defined as a plasma sodium concentration less than 135 mEq/L. Hyponatremia is generally caused by intravascular volume depletion, excessive salt loss and hypotonic fluid overload. It also can be caused by intravascular osmotic agent. Although most cases are mild and asymptomatic, acute severe hyponatremia can cause severe neurologic symptoms, such as seizures and coma. We report a rare case of severe hyponatremia induced by radiographic contrast agent.
Coma ; Humans ; Hyponatremia ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Plasma ; Seizures ; Sodium

As dental implant surgery and bone grafts were widely operated in Korean dentist, many bone substitutes are commercially available, currently. For commercially used in Korea, all bone substitutes are firstly evaluated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) for safety and efficacy of the product. After being priced, classified, and registration by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), the post-application management is obligatory for the manufacturer (or representative importer) to receive a certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Currently, bone substitutes are broadly classified into C group (bone union and fracture fixation), T group (human tissue), L group (general and dental material) and non-insurance material group in MOHW notification No. 2018-248. Among them, bone substitutes classified as dental materials (L7) are divided as xenograft and alloplastic bone graft. The purpose of this paper is to analyze alloplastic bone substitutes of 37 products in MOHW notification No. 2018-248 and to evaluate the reference level based on the ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, EMBASE (1980–2019), Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the criteria of registered or trademarked product name.
Bone Substitutes ; Dental Implantation ; Dental Implants ; Dental Materials ; Dentists ; Heterografts ; Humans ; Insurance, Health ; Korea ; Patents as Topic ; Transplants

This correction is being published to correct the 4th author's affiliation in the article.

As dental implant surgery and bone grafts were widely operated in Korean dentist, many bone substitutes are commercially available, currently. For commercially used in Korea, all bone substitutes are firstly evaluated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare (MOHW) for safety and efficacy of the product. After being priced, classified, and registration by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA), the post-application management is obligatory for the manufacturer (or representative importer) to receive a certificate of Good Manufacturing Practice by Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. Currently, bone substitutes are broadly classified into C group (bone union and fracture fixation), T group (human tissue), L group (general and dental material) and non-insurance material group in MOHW notification No. 2018-248. Among them, bone substitutes classified as dental materials (L7) are divided as xenograft and alloplastic bone graft. The purpose of this paper is to analyze alloplastic bone substitutes of 37 products in MOHW notification No. 2018-248 and to evaluate the reference level based on the ISI Web of Knowledge, PubMed, EMBASE (1980–2019), Cochrane Database, and Google Scholar using the criteria of registered or trademarked product name.

This correction is being published to correct the 4th author's affiliation in the article.

Infants who are born between 24 hours and 1 year of age require extreme caution in their care due to their fragility. However, if there are multiple risk factors associated with the infant, caretaker, household, and surrounding circumstances, providing proper and appropriate care becomes problematic. This difficulty in caring for infants can contribute to abuse, neglect, or even death. This study investigates unexplained infant deaths that occur in the presence of multiple psychosocial risk factors. This study aimed to explore the relationship between various psychosocial risk factors and sudden, unexplained infant deaths. We examined nine cases from the autopsy archive of the National Forensic Service using a statistical approach. Among these cases, three were subject to legal action, while six were closed without further legal process. Although it was difficult to establish a clear relationship between death and abuse or neglect in the six cases, all were found to have experienced a harsh environment that was similar to abuse or neglect. We discuss the implications of our findings for understanding infant deaths and legal outcomes and propose a new framework to understand the deaths of infants.

PURPOSE: There is still debate regarding the suitability of extension of laparoscopic gastrectomy to advanced gastric cancer. Due to the development of new instruments and techniques, several studies are being conducted to extend the range of laparoscopic gastrectomy. This study was conducted to investigate the appropriateness of laparoscopic D2 lymph node dissection for the treatment of gastric cancer from an oncology perspective. METHODS: A total of 109 patients, 50 of whom had undergone laparoscopy assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) and 59 patients who underwent open distal gastrectomy (ODG), that were operated on by a single surgeon in the surgery department of Sanggye Paik Hospital from April 2009 to May 2011 were analyzed. All patients underwent D2 lymph node dissection. The clinical characteristics of patients, surgical outcomes and clinicopathologic findings were then compared and analyzed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups (252.70+/-40.81 vs. 252.20+/-45.22, p=0.698). The day 1 post operation hemoglobin was higher in the LADG group than the ODG group (12.52+/-1.53 vs. 10.54+/-1.57, p=0.011). There were nosignificant differences in resection margin (6.89+/-2.25 vs. 7.20+/-3.42, p=0.254, 4.05+/-2.57 vs. 3.68+/-2.74, p=0.254) or total number of harvested lymph nodes (30.36+/-10.67 vs. 35.44+/-12.56, p=0.508) between groups. CONCLUSION: In stomach cancer surgery, both ODG and LADG can be used to conduct lymph node dissection. Therefore, if the stability and feasibility of LADG is confirmed by prospective studies at multiple centers, laparoscopic gastrectomy may be extended to advanced gastric cancer as well.
Gastrectomy ; Hemoglobins ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Lymph Node Excision ; Lymph Nodes ; Stomach Neoplasms

PURPOSE: For the treatment of acute appendicitis, a conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) has been widely performed. Recently, the use of single incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) is increasing because it is believed to have advantages over conventional laparoscopic surgery. In this study, we compared SILS and a conventional LA. METHODS: We analyzed the 217 patients who received laparoscopy-assisted appendectomies between August 2010 and April 2012 at Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital. One hundred-twelve patients underwent SILS, and 105 patients underwent LA. For the two groups, we compared the operation times, postoperative laboratory results, postoperative pain, hospital stay, and postoperative complications. RESULTS: The patients' demographics, including body mass index, were not significantly different between the two groups. There were 6 perforated appendicitis cases in the SILS group and 5 cases in the LA group. The mean operative time in the SILS group was 65.88 +/- 22.74 minutes whereas that in the LA group was 61.70 +/- 22.27 minutes (P = 0.276). There were no significant differences in the mean hospital stays, use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and wound infections between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Postoperative pain, complications and hospital stay showed no statistically significant differences between the SILS and the LA groups. However, our SILS method uses a single trocar and two latex tubes, so cost savings and reduced interference during surgery are expected.
Appendectomy ; Appendicitis ; Body Mass Index ; Cost Savings ; Demography ; Humans ; Laparoscopes ; Laparoscopy ; Latex ; Length of Stay ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; Surgical Instruments ; Wound Infection

PURPOSE: Previous studies have revealed that predictors and risk factors of pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) are malignancy, immobilization, diabetes, and obesity in the postoperative patients. However, in patients undergoing colorectal cancer, studies of PTE have not been enough. Thus, we investigated the risk factors of PTE related to colorectal surgery. METHODS: From January 2009 to October 2014, 312 patients received colorectal surgery without other organ resection. The postoperative patients with PTE were 14 (4.5%), and they were classified by sex, age, and stage as a 1:3 paired match to the control group. A multiple logistic regression was performed to identify which factors were associated with PTE. RESULTS: One patient was in stage I, 3 in stage II, 9 in stage III, and 1 in stage IV. In the binary logistic regression analysis, history of diabetes mellitus (odds ratio, 6.498; P = 0.031) and being overweight (odds ratio, 10.018; P = 0.014) were independent risk factors for PTE in patients undergoing colorectal cancer. CONCLUSION: A history of diabetes mellitus and being overweight were independent risk factors of PTE after colorectal cancer.
Antineoplastic Agents ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Colorectal Surgery* ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Humans ; Immobilization ; Logistic Models ; Obesity ; Overweight ; Pulmonary Embolism* ; Risk Factors*