No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Cats* ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate* ; Inositol*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Cerebellum* ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate* ; Inositol* ; Rats*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Brain* ; Inositol* ; Phospholipases* ; Rats*

Background: Myo-inositol has emerged as one of the preventive therapies for the development of gestational diabetes mellitus in at-risk populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to determine the efficacy and safety of myo-inositol in decreasing the incidence of gestational diabetes in overweight and obese pregnant women. Methodology: This meta-analysis was conducted using the standard Cochrane methodology and reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines. Inclusion criteria were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that enrolled overweight and obese pregnant women and used myo-inositol supplementation. The primary outcome was the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus at 24-28 weeks. Secondary outcomes included cesarean section rate, the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension, macrosomia and preterm delivery. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used for dichotomous data. Results: Six RCTs were included. Compared to standard micronutrient supplementation, standard dose of myo-inositol (4 g) may reduce the incidence of GDM (RR 0.54; CI [0.30, 0.96]; n = 887 women), but the certainty of evidence is low to very low. With low-dose myo-inositol however, evidence is uncertain about its benefit on the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus in overweight and obese women with RR 0.71; CI [0.14, 3.50]. No adverse effects were noted. For the secondary outcomes, standard dose myo-inositol appears to reduce the incidence of pregnancy-induced hypertension and preterm delivery, but the certainty of evidence is low to very low. Conclusion Current evidence is uncertain on the potential benefit of myo-inositol supplementation in overweight and obese pregnant women. While studies show that 4 g myo-inositol per day may decrease the incidence of GDM, pregnancy-induced hypertension and pre-term birth with no associated risk of serious adverse events, the certainty of evidence is low to very low. Future high-quality trials may provide more compelling evidence to support practice recommendations.
Diabetes, Gestational ; Obesity ; Inositol Phosphates

BACKGROUND: Voglibose is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the pharmacodynamic characteristics of voglibose for determining the appropriate study design and parameters for a pharmacodynamic equivalence study of voglibose. METHODS: This study consisted of two studies. The single dose study had an open and single sequence design. Nineteen subjects received placebo and then one tablet of voglibose on two consecutive days with sucrose. The multiple dose study was performed with the similar design, except that it was a multiple dose of the single dose study. Nine subjects who showed an effective response in the single dose study received placebo three times and then voglibose 4 times on two consecutive days. Serial blood samples for pharmacodynamic parameters were taken until 180 mins after each administration. The baseline adjusted maximum serum glucose level (G(max)) and area under the serum glucose level-time profiles were determined and compared. RESULTS: In the single dose study, the difference in G(max) was -10.6 +/- 28.7 mg/dL. The area under the serum glucose concentration-time curve (AUGC(0-1h)) of placebo and voglibose were 7825.0 +/- 1145.3 mg.min/dL, 7907.5 +/- 917.2 mg.min/dL, respectively. In the multiple dose study, the difference in G(max) was 46.6 +/- 16.1 mg/dL. The AUGC(0-1h) of placebo and voglibose were 8138.6 +/- 721.9 mg.min/dL and 6499.7 +/- 447.2 mg.min/dL, respectively. The G(max) and AUGC(0-1h) of the multiple dose study was significantly different between placebo and voglibose in paired t-test. CONCLUSION: The differences in G(max) and AUGC(0-1h) are suitable for pharmacodynamic parameters to evaluate bioequivalence of voglibose.
alpha-Glucosidases ; Glucose ; Inositol ; Sucrose ; Therapeutic Equivalency

The present study was undertaken to characterize homocysteic acid (HCA)-and cysteic acid (CA)mediated formation of inositol phosphates (InsP) in primary culture of rat cerebellar granule cells. HCA and CA stimulated InsP formation in a dose-dependent manner, which was prevented by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist D,L-2-amino-5-phosphopentanoic acid (APV). CA-, but not HCA-, mediated InsP formation was in part prevented by the metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist alpha-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine ((+/-)-MCPG). Both HCA- and CA-mediated increases in intracellular calcium concentration were completely blocked by APV, but were not altered by (+/-)-MCPG. CA-mediated InsP formation was in part prevented by removal of endogenous glutamate. In contrast, the glutamate transport blocker L-aspartic acid-beta-hydroxamate synergistically increased CA responses. These data indicate that in cerebellar granule cells HCA mediates InsP formation wholly by activating NMDA receptor. In contrast, CA stimulates InsP formation by activating both NMDA receptor and metabotropic glutamate receptor, and in part by releasing endogenous glutamate into extracellular milieu.
Animals ; Calcium ; Cysteic Acid* ; Glutamic Acid ; Inositol Phosphates* ; Inositol* ; N-Methylaspartate ; Rats* ; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor 1 (ITPR1) is an important intracellular channel for releasing Ca²⁺. In order to investigate the effects of the ITPR1 overexpression on Ca²⁺ concentration and lipid content in duck uterine epithelial cells and its effects on calcium transport-related genes, the structural domain of ITPR1 gene of duck was cloned into an eukaryotic expression vector and transfected into duck uterine epithelial cells. The overexpression of the ITPR1 gene, the concentration of Ca²⁺, the lipid content, and the expression of other 6 calcium transport-related genes was determined. The results showed that the concentration of Ca²⁺ in uterine epithelial cells was significantly reduced after transfection (P<0.05), the triglyceride content was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the high-density lipoprotein content was significantly decreased (P<0.01). The correlation analysis results showed that the overexpression of the C-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene was significantly positively correlated with the total cholesterol content (P<0.01), which was significantly positively correlated with the low-density lipoprotein content (P<0.05). The overexpression of the N-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene was significantly positively correlated with the triglyceride content (P<0.01), which was significantly negatively correlated with the concentration of Ca²⁺ (P<0.05). RT-qPCR results of 6 calcium transport-related genes showed that the overexpression of the C-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene significantly inhibited the expression of the IP3R2, VDAC2 and CAV1 genes, and the overexpression of the N-terminal half of the ITPR1 gene significantly promoted the expression of the IP3R3 and CACNA2D1 genes. In conclusion, the ITPR1 gene overexpression can promote Ca²⁺ release in duck uterus epithelial cells, promote the synthesis of triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein and cholesterol, and inhibit the production of high-density lipoprotein, and the ITPR1 gene overexpression affected the expression of all 6 calcium transport-related genes.
Animals ; Calcium/metabolism* ; Ducks/genetics* ; Epithelial Cells ; Female ; Inositol ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Lipids ; Uterus

To investigate the effect of endothelin on intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) mobilization and the existence of the endothelin receptor in cultured bovine corneal endothelial cells(BCEC), endothelin-1(ET-1) -induced [Ca(2+)]i increase was measuredby using calcium sensitive indicator, fura-2/AM, and the studies on its desensitizaton and receptor antagonists were also performed. ET-1 increased [Ca(2+)]i in a concentration-dependent manner(10(-9)M-10(-5)M) and ET-1 -unduced [Ca(2+)]i transient increase was significantly ingibited (~50%) by the pretreatment with EGTA for 1 min. Similarly, neomycin also attenuated ET-1 -unduced [Ca(2+)]i transient increase in a concentration-dependent mannet. Desensitizatin study with successive treatment of ET-1 and ET-3, and the experiments of antagonists(BQ-610 for the ET(A) receptor and BQ-788 for the ET(B) receptor) showed the presence of ET(B) receptor in BCEC. In addition, ET-1(10(-6)M) accumulated inositol trisphosphate about two folds (310+/-6.8 cpm) comparing to control(154+/-11.6 cpm) and this accumulation was significantly inhibited by the treatment with neomycin (187+/-28 cpm). These results suggest that endothelin-induced calcium mobilization is receptor-mediated response and TE(B) receptor exists in BCEC.
Calcium* ; Egtazic Acid ; Endothelins ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Inositol ; Neomycin ; Receptors, Endothelin

No abstract available.
Animals ; Inositol* ; Kidney* ; Liver* ; Phospholipases* ; Rats* ; Type C Phospholipases*

OBJECTIVE: We reported the overcoming effect of Ni2+ on the in vitro 2-cell block of mouse embryos. In this study, we aim to investigate whether Ni2+ should induce intracellular Ca2+ transient in the mouse embryos. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Embryos were collected at post hCG 32hr from the oviduct of the ICR mouse and cultured in M2 medium omitted phenol red. Intracellular Ca2+ was checked by using a confocal laser scanning microscope and fluo-3AM by using various intracellular Ca2+ antagonists. RESULTS: In 1mM Ni2+ treated medium which contained Ca2+(1.71mM), 75.7% of the embryos showed [Ca2+]i transient about 200 sec later. In the Ca2+-free medium, 69.8% of the embryos showed [Ca2+]i transient. In U73122, phospholipaseC(PLC) inhibitor (5uM, 10min) pretreated group, 33.3% of the embryos showed [Ca2+]i transient. Heparine, inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptor(IP3R) antagonist preinjected embryos showed no response with 1mM Ni2+. In danthrolene treatment, ryanodine receptor(RyR)-antagonist, 43% embryos showed [Ca2+]i transient but they showed delayed response about 340sec in the presence of Ca2+. CONCLUSIONS: Summing up the above results, Ni2+ seems to induce Ca2+-release from the Ca2+-store even in the Ca2+-free medium. IP3 receptors of the mouse 2-cell embryos might have an essential role for the intracellular Ca2+ increase by Ni2+.
Animals ; Embryonic Structures* ; Heparin ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate ; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptors ; Mice* ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Oviducts ; Phenolsulfonphthalein ; Ryanodine