Snake venom toxins have been reportedly used as a rich source of a number of proteins of biotechnological interest due to their wide range of effects on haemostasis. These effects vary greatly: coagulant, anticoagulant, platelet-activating, anti-platelet, fibrinolytic and hemorrhagic, in either enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways. Agkistrodon venom contains a variety of proteins that possess antiplatelet activities. This study presents recent development in our laboratory to produce and purify antiplatelet proteins derived from Agkistrodon blomhoffi ussuriensiss nake venom. Different matrices of HPLC (size exclusion, ion exchange and affinity chromatography) were employed for purifying the proteins and their biological and biochemical properties were characterized by SDSPAGE, 2-D electrophoresis, platelet aggregation assay and enzyme activity assay.A purified disintegrin was a single chain glycoprotein with Mr of 13 kDа and рІ 4.7, whereas PLA2 had Mr of 14 kDa and pI of 4.17. A dose-dependent activity curve analysis shows that the platelet aggregation inhibitory activity of disintegrin and PLA2 in the rabbit plateletrich plasma were ID50 of 0.25 μМ and 0.65 μМ, respectively. Bioprocesses to produce and purify active antiplatelet agents from A. blomhoffi ussuriensis venom have been developed, using modern liquid chromatography matrices. Ongoing work to optimize large-scale production process is being undertaken.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the efficacy of the Silymarin in patient receiving antituberculosis drugs. The study was randomized, open controlled. We chosen 90 case from Songino-Khairkhan, Bayanzurkh, Sukhbaatar, Bayangol and Chingeltei districts which are the highest sickness rate. We were have 3 study group which are control and cases. Silymarin had protective effects against hepatotoxic actions of drugs used in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis in patients.

Over the last decade a large number of studies have investigated the possible adverse effects of ambient air pollution on birth outcomes. For preterm births the evidence as yet is insufficient to their infer causality. Our study goal was to study the associations between air pollution exposures during pregnancy and preterm birth for a 6 years period (January 2008 through December 31, 2013) in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. We used a logistic regression adjusting for gestational age, parental education level, parity and infant age. The preterm birth varied with maternal age, maternal education level, maternal pregnancy order and season after adjusting covariates. Young maternal age, maternal less education level, early and older birth order, spring season, not married status and higher number of pregnancy order t are risk factors for low birth weight. The correlation of preterm birth and air pollution was observed in the second and the third trimester of pregnancy. The preterm birth rates were associated with the average of combined air pollutants concentrations such us PM10, NO2 and SO2 in the preceding 6 weeks.

To determine effects of shift work on nurses’ health by arterial hypertension and diabetics type 2. The design of this study is cross sectional design. Subjects were 634 nurses who were chosen from 5500 nurses undertaking rotating shift work by random sampling method in accordance with criteria of research recruiting. The 64.5% of research participants were from Ulaanbaatar city and 35.5% from rural areas. Average aging is between 40.2±19.8 (p<0.0001). Three hundred three of the participants (50.8%) were night shift nurses and 293 (49.2%) day shift nurses. Obesity distribution was through trunk area at 93%. The participants’ 33.6% has high blood pressure; and 12.3% are at medium risk of diabetics and 4.2 % at high risk for near 10 years. According to test of fasting blood glucose in capillaries, 28.3 % of the nurses who are involved in the research has changes on their fasting glucose level and 14.5% has diabetics. As seeing from lab test and body index, shift nurses are at high risk of arterial hypertension and diabetics and these diseases are more common among the nurses.

BACKGROUND Advantages of Accreditation process are assessing the institution as well as its staffs and teachers, involving them into the organization plan, determining a current level of organization, experiencing all the staffs and developing organization. This thesis was chosen to study how the voluntary audits effect development, quality and efficiency of high educational organization and the individual development. OBJECTIVE Accreditation processes to study that how influence on the institution and individual development METHOD Survey has been conducted by cross- sectional study of analytical study and collected materials through quantitative method. Totally 446 participants were provided by questionnaire sheets and 21 sheets of those were excluded due to incomplete, 407 participants involved. Data processing was implemented by interval evaluation and SWOT. RESULTS There are high prevalence of diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer and mental health problem among the general populations. Majority of these conditions appear with other disability types. 66.5% of the persons with disabilities, who are living under poverty line, have chronic conditions. Number of vehicles increased in urban and rural area, high migration from rural area to urban area, high density in central area. Weak city planning, low light in the street, high number of unemployed people, and alcoholism is increased in the country. But the current collected statistics do not satisfy the basic needs of the country. CONCLUSION Comparison of interval evaluation shows that index of the influences for the institution and individual is 3.5:3.6 and it approved the accreditation influences more for the institutional development. SWOT analyzes show that there are possibilities to achieve more opportunities by using institutional and individual advantages and also strategy should be strengthening advantages by using opportunities. Accreditation process affects more for institutional development.

Oxytropis microphylla is a herbal medicines plant that has been widely used in Mongolia and China. Our aim of this study is to identify morphological and anatomical structure and to determine some pharmacological actions. LD50 of the 1:5 infusion of Oxytropis microphylla was 304.17 mg/kg. Anti-inflammation action has been compared with untreated group, 304.26 mg/ kg dosage of Oxytropis microphylla preparation has been decreased (by 24.5%) induced by histamine in the back paw of experimental white mice during the observation time of 120-150 minutes. There is no significant of diuretic action of Oxytropis microphylla.

Cancer remains the second leading cause of population mortality in the last 10 years in Mongolia. In 2009, the overwhelming majority (78.3%) of new cancer cases were diagnosed in late stages (III and IY) and 67.06% of cancer patients survived for less than a year after the diagnosis. Pain is the first symptom of cancer in 20-50% of all cancer patients, and 75-90% of advanced or terminal cancer must cope with chronic pain syndromes related to chemotherapy, failed treatment, tumor progression, and associated pathology in tumor bearing tissue. Pain limits daily activity in 41% of patients reporting mild to moderate pain and in 94% of patients reporting moderate to severe pain, leading to greatly diminished quality of life. Drug therapy controls cancer pain in 70-90% of patients with pain follows the World Health Organization’s ladder approach for pain relief. Multiple factors may contribute to dose escalation in cancer patients, including changes in endogenous opioid function, disease progression, and development of opioid-induced hyperalgesia and particularly at high doses, can be associated with severe, sometimes debilitating side effects, including somnolence, mental confusion, and especially constipation. Effective control of cancer pain can now be achieved in a high proportion of patients with rigorously applied pharmacologic treatment, reducing the need for more demanding invasive procedures. Intrathecal neurolysis is a time-tested procedure that has important indications for drug resistant severe pain. Therefore, we aimed to study the effectiveness of spinal neurolytic block in patients with cancer pain. We studied patients who suffered from pain with advanced cancer of coli uteri in ‘Hope’ hospice and Achtan Clinical hospital of Ulaanbaatar Mongolia from 2011-2012. The study participants were dvided into two groups and observed 10 weeks. In group I morphine therapy oral and injectable and the patients of group II spinal neurolytic block performed with alcohol in patient using oral morphine received. The pain was assessed by Wong Baker Score before and after celiac plexus block and also the functional score was assessed by Karnofsky performance scale. The result of the study confirm that spinal neurolysis is significantly reduced intensity of the pain, morphine consumption, incidence of drug-induced undesirable side effects and physical performance. The procedure has proved to be very useful in alleviating segmental pain. Pain relief was obtained in 78 percent of the patients, with complications in 2 percent. The technique is the standard subarachnoid puncture and injection of absolute alcohol in small increments up to 1 cc. per interspace.

Atherosclerotic risk factors contribute to carotid atherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), as assessed using a non-invasive high-resolution ultrasound, can predict cardiovascular disease (CVD). Whereas the control of CVD is crucial for the Mongolian people, the studies on carotid atherosclerosis are lacking. The present population-based survey was a cross-sectional investigation of the determinants of carotid IMT in the general Mongolian population. A total of 344 Mongolian volunteers, aged 18-69 years, without CVD and on no medication, were recruited from a health screening setting. The current smoking habits, body mass index, mean blood pressure (MBP), blood total cholesterol (TC), glucose, insulin and carotid IMT (maximum level) were measured. Mongolian males had a significantly higher prevalence of current smoking and a higher level of IMT than females (average=0.58 mm in males vs 0.46 in females). Both a single and multiple regression analysis adjusted for all the regression analysis adjusted for all the measures revealed that IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, male sex, MBP, TC and glucose among all of the participants. IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, followed by MBP, TC and glucose among males, while among females, IMT was significantly and positively correlated with age, followed by MBP and TC. Age was the strongest determinant of carotid atherosclerosis, and the increases in blood pressure and cholesterol levels were also important measures in both sexes as well as glucose levels in males in particularly, thus suggesting a preventive strategy necessary for CVD in the general Mongolian population.

WHO informed that across world an average of 565 young people aged 10 to 29 die every day through interpersonal violence. Some studies mentioned that anxiety was most frequently occurred as one of the psychological consequences among victims of child abuse. Recent research on effects of adverse early life experiences on central nervous system as stress systems (hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis-HPA) has provided a greater understanding of the link between childhood abuse and susceptibility to anxiety disorder. Therefore, this research was done to study anxiety among abused adolescents, some physical parameters and level of cortisol in saliva. There were selected 20 abused children and 40 non abused children aged between 11-16 years old and lived in Ulaanbaatar city. The Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS; Spence, 1997) is a 38-item self-report questionnaire that assesses multiple symptoms of childhood anxiety disorders based on current diagnostic criteria. All participants were measured the cortisol in the saliva by Cortisol ELISA kit, Sigma, Average age of all subjects in the study was 13.52±1.57 and 59% of them were female and 41% were male. All anxiety symptoms of case group was statistically significance higher (p<0.01) than control group. The average amount of salivary cortisol of case group was (18.65±7.08) statistically significantly lower (p<0.01) than average amount of control group (32.15±20.99). Anxiety was more frequently occurred among abused children and blunted cortisol responses might indicate a level of impaired HPA functioning that could constitute a vulnerability to psychopathology with exposure to anxiety.

An alcohol related hallucination is a psychosis which predominantly characterized by auditory hallucination in based on consciousness condition due to chronicle alcohol intoxication in alcohol dependence disorder. Main sign of alcohol related hallucination is frequently occurred by auditory and visual hallucinations in the first 48 hours since stopping to use alcohol consumption and it lasts even after recovering alcohol withdrawal syndromes. Due to persistent auditory hallucinations, patients conduct to attempt suicide, commit suicide or dangerous attempt to society. Therefore, we studied hallucination types in alcohol related psychosis and risks of dangerous attempt to society due to hallucination. The study was conducted on the 110 cases of suicide (100 cases among males and 10 cases among females). In the study used special questionnaire with 45 chapters and 431 questions. The current mental condition was identified by the objective and subjective history of patients with Michigan scale questionnaire. Data processing was done in the SPSS 20.0 program There were mainly occurred a verbal hallucination 76.4% (n=84), imperative hallucination 60.9% (n=67), elementary auditory hallucination 60% (n=66) and threatening auditory hallucination 46.4% (n=51) among total 110 study subjects. These hallucinations are frequently occurring in period of withdrawal state with delirium without convulsive (F10.40) and predominantly delusional psychotic disorder due to alcohol (F10.52). Suicide attempt is statistically significance for imperative auditory hallucination (p=0.007). Threatening and approving hallucinations are common occurred as statistically significance in alcohol psychosis besides suicide thinking and suicide attempt are depending on hallucination types.