Mesotherapy is a widely used technique of intradermal or subcutaneous microinjection of a drug or cocktail of drugs, at sites of the body with medical or aesthetic problems. Rare cutaneous side effects have been previously reported, including allergic reactions to the administered drugs or skin infections. We herein report a case of an immediate adverse reaction following mesotherapy. A 40-year-old woman was referred to our department with pruritic erythematous urticarial plaques at the sites of application of mesotherapy. She had been treated for abdominal liposis with one session of multiple subcutaneous injections of a drug mixture including aminophylline at a local clinic. After clinical recovery, a skin test using the same drugs was performed. A positive intradermal test was found with aminophylline and ethylenediamine that is an ingredient of aminophylline. These results support that the ethylenediamine component of aminophylline is identified as the etiologic agent.
Adult ; Aminophylline ; Ethylenediamines ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Intradermal Tests ; Mesotherapy ; Microinjections ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Urticaria

Extravasation of toxic chemotherapeutic 'agents cause severe skin ulceration and necrosis which often need secondary surgical intervention. Still, there were not established antidote agent in case of extravasation with mitomycin-c. Dimethyl sulfoxide is known as an effective chemical scavenger of toxic hydroxyl free radical and sodium thiosulfate also was demonstrated significant protector from mitomycin-c induced ulceration by a few experimental studies. Author investigated necrotic area of mitomycin-c injected site and compare to the effectiveness of topical treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and intradermal injection of sodium thiosulfate according to starting times, forty five mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group(n=5) had no treatment after subcutaneous injection of mitomycin-c. Experimental group I and 11 were 20 mice treated dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium.
Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Mitomycin* ; Necrosis* ; Skin Ulcer ; Sodium* ; Ulcer

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a self-evaluation method using video recording on competency in nursing skills, self-directed learning ability, and academic self-efficacy in nursing students. METHODS: The study design was a non-equivalent pre-post quasi-experimental design. The experimental and control groups were randomly assigned with 35 participants in each group. Interventions for the experimental group were video recording and students\' self-evaluation of what they did. Nursing skills included in the study were tube feeding, intradermal injection, subcutaneous injection, and intramuscular injection. Competency in nursing skills was measured one time at the end of the study using a checklist. Self-directed learning ability and academic self-efficacy were measured 3 times (pre-, mid-, and post-intervention) over the 8 weeks. Independent t-test, chi-square test, and repeated measures ANOVA were used for data analyses. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference for competency in nursing skills and self-directed learning ability over the 8 weeks of the practice session. There was a significant difference in academic self-efficacy by groups over time. CONCLUSION: Results indicate that self-evaluation method using video recording is an effective learning way to improve academic achievement in nursing students.
Checklist ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation* ; Enteral Nutrition ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Learning* ; Nursing* ; Self Efficacy ; Self-Assessment ; Statistics as Topic ; Students, Nursing ; Video Recording*

Glatiramer acetate (GA) is a synthetic amino acid polymer, used for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. The most common adverse effect of GA is a skin reaction at the injection site with a probable IgE-mediated mechanism. We report a case of a 45-year-old woman with multiple sclerosis and urticaria to interferon-beta1a, who underwent a challenge test to GA. She presented itching wheals at the intradermal sites. A month later the patient repeated the test and presented the same reactions of the first test. The next day she continued the test with subcutaneous injections. One hour later she presented a flare up of the reactions appeared during the previous 2 tests. No reactions appeared at the subcutaneous injection sites. The patient also presented dyspnea. Flare-up reactions are characterized by the reactivation of previously positive reactions to intradermal or skin tests triggered by patch testing and after systemic provocation with an allergen. The phenomenon is not common to drugs. The mechanisms involved in this reaction seem to be heterogeneous and are not completely understood. To our knowledge this is the first case of allergic reaction to GA manifested as a flare-up reaction during challenge test.
Dyspnea ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity* ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Interferons* ; Intradermal Tests ; Middle Aged ; Multiple Sclerosis ; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting ; Patch Tests ; Polymers ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Skin Tests ; Urticaria

A small proportion of diabetics treated with exogenous insulin, reportedly ranging from 0.1% to 2%, experience systemic allergic reactions to insulin. We saw a 55-year-old male patient with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus who had developed an anaphylatic reaction immediately after subcutaneous injections of neutral protamine Hagedorn (NPH) human recombinant insulin. Skin tests with insulins and a passive transfer test demonstrated that his reaction was IgE mediated. Since there were no therapeutic alternatives, desensitization with insulin was done following a slow protocol. It was successful and he was able to resume insulin therapy. During two year follow-up period, he did not developed any adverse reaction to insulin.
Anaphylaxis* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Immunoglobulin E ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Insulin* ; Insulins ; Intradermal Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Skin Tests

Lidocaine is a commonly used local anesthetic for dental treatment. Urticaria caused by lidocaine has seldom been reported. Generally, urticaria immediately develops after exposure to a causative agent and is considered a manifestation of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity. However, delayed urticaria caused by local anesthetics was reported to be related to cell mediated hypersenstivity. A 3-year old girl visited our allergy clinic due to delayed urticaria after local administration of lidocaine. Both skin prick and intradermal tests with lidocaine revealed negative reactions. However, the provocation test with subcutaneous injection of lidocaine showed urticaria 7 hours after test. In order to identify alternative local anesthetic for the subsequent dental procedure, we performed skin prick, intradermal and provocation tests with procaine, a local anesthetic of the other class, all of which showed negative results. Therefore, we recommended procaine as an alternative local anesthetic, and the patient was successfully treated with procaine. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of delayed urticaria caused by lidocaine in Korea.
Anesthetics, Local ; Child* ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Intradermal Tests ; Korea ; Lidocaine* ; Procaine ; Skin ; Urticaria*

Objectives: To determine the skin and subcutaneous thickness of adult diabetic Filipinos using ultrasonography. Methodology: We studied 293 Filipino diabetic adults who had ultrasonographic measurements of their skin thickness (ST) and subcutaneous thickness (SCT) at common insulin injection sites. Results: The mean ST ranges from 1.76 mm to 2.75mm. The mean SCT ranges from 6.91 mm to 19.1 mm. The anterior thigh area has the thinnest mean ST and SCT. On the other hand, the buttocks have the thickest mean ST and area of abdomen has the thickest mean SCT. On multiple regression analysis, the predictors for skin thickness are injection site, age, BMI, gender and insulin use, however the overall influence of all these factors on skin thickness is variable at best. Conclusion Skin thickness among Filipinos varies marginally depending on injection site being thickest at the buttocks and thinnest at the thighs. On the other hand, there is greater variability in SCT depending on the injection site, being thickest at the abdominal area and thinnest at the anterior thigh.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Injections, Subcutaneous

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to provide basic evidence to improve community health nursing practice education by analyzing the current status of actual operation, program outcomes and evaluation methods, and the level of achieving learning goals. METHODS: Data were collected through an e-mail survey from 155 professors teaching community health nursing in April 2016. Out of 45 responses in total, 42 cases were used for analysis (response rate 29.0%). RESULTS: Community health nursing practice was a 3-credit course in most of the schools (66.7%) and included a practice at public health centers without exception. The most common diagnosis classification system was OMAHA (81.0%). The core fundamental nursing skills evaluated during the practice were subcutaneous injection, vital signs, oral administration, and intradermal injection. Among the subjects of community health nursing practice, the area with the highest potential for achieving learning goals was primary health care provision (4.4/5) and the area with the lowest potential was disaster management (2.4/5). CONCLUSION: The results of this study show that there would be active efforts to complement and improve several problems of the community health nursing practice among the community health nursing practice instructors for more effective and qualitative community health nursing practice.
Administration, Oral ; Classification ; Community Health Nursing* ; Complement System Proteins ; Diagnosis ; Disasters ; Education* ; Education, Nursing ; Electronic Mail ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Learning ; Nursing ; Primary Health Care ; Public Health ; Public Health Practice ; Vital Signs

A liquid jet injector employs compressed gas or spring to produce a high-velocity stream to deliver liquid drug into human body through skin. There are many clinical jet injection products available, none of which is domestic. A new liquid jet injector is designed based on a comprehensive analysis of the current products. The injector consists of an ejector, trigger and a re-positioning mechanism. The jets characteristics of sample injector are tested, and the results show that the maximum exit pressure is above 15 MPa, a threshold value for penetrating into the skin.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Injections, Jet ; instrumentation ; methods

Vaccination is the most efficient method for infectious disease prevention. Parenteral injections such as intramuscular, intradermal, and subcutaneous injections have several advantages in vaccine delivery, but there are many drawbacks. Thus, the development of a new vaccine delivery system has long been required. Recently, microneedles have been attracting attention as new vaccination tools. Microneedle is a highly effective transdermal vaccine delivery method due to its mechanism of action, painlessness, and ease of use. Here, we summarized the characteristics of microneedles and the possibilities as a new vaccine delivery route.
Communicable Diseases ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Methods* ; Vaccination ; Vaccines*