PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of anterior chamber parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP) with Pentacam(R) after intravitreal injection. METHODS: A total of 76 eyes of 76 patients received an intravitreal injection of either triamcinolone acetonide (TA) or bevacizumab. Twelve patients were treated with an intravitreal injection of TA 0.1 ml, 16 patients were treated with an intravitreal injection of TA 0.05 ml, while the remaining 48 patients received a bevacizumab 0.05 ml injection. All patients underwent anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, and anterior chamber volume evaluation with Pentacam(R) before and 5 minutes after injection. Additionally, IOP measurements were taken 5 minutes before and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 1 day after injection. RESULTS: Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber volume, and IOP changes in patients receiving TA 0.1 ml were 0.4 +/- 0.11 mm, 10.2 +/- 4.1degrees, 33.7 +/- 5.9 mm3 and 18.8 +/- 12.1 mm Hg, respectively. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber volume, and IOP changes in patients receiving TA 0.05 ml were -0.01 +/- 0.05 mm, 2.4 +/- 3.2degrees, 5.8 +/- 9.5 mm3 and 4.8 +/- 7.4 mm Hg, respectively. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber volume, and IOP changes in patients receiving bevacizumab were 0.28 +/- 0.99 mm, 0.8 +/- 4.0degrees, 7.1 +/- 9.6 mm3 and 5.4 +/- 6.3 mm Hg, respectively. There was a significant difference between TA 0.1 ml and 0.05 ml. However, there was no significant difference between TA 0.05 ml and bevacizumab 0.05 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Because of similar anterior chamber parameters changes after 0.05 ml intravitreal injection with TA or bevacizumab, early period IOP increases due to intravitreal volume expansion. Intravitreal 0.05 ml injections do not require any other procedures for controlling IOP 30 minutes after injection.
Anterior Chamber* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Bevacizumab

Effect of Ouabain administration on aqueous humor dynamics were studied in albino rabbits. Intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg of ouabain in 10 rabbits produced significant reduction of intraocular pressure. The highest lowering of intraocular pressure occurred 70 minutes after the injection, its magnitude being 35.54% of the original pressure. The intraocular pressure returned to its original pressure 117.0 minutes after the injection. Perilimbal suction cup studies revealed 26.92 % reduction in aqueous flow. Intravitreal injection of O.1 micro gram of ouabain dissolved in 0.02 ml performed in 5 rabbits' eyes produced marked lowering of intraocular pressure. The maximum tension lowering effect (60.15%) was observed 4.6 days after the administration, and the tension recovered 15.8 days after the injection. Perilimbal suction cup studies showed 29.48 % reduction in aqueous flow. It is concluded that Na-K ATPase play an important role in the aqueous formation and that ouabain lowers the intraocular pressure by supressing this enzyme. Intravitreal administration has more powerful tension-lowering effect than intravenous injection.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Aqueous Humor ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intravitreal Injections ; Ouabain* ; Rabbits* ; Suction

Endophthalmitis is one of the most catastrophic complications in intraocular surgery and penetrating injuries of the eye and intraocular injection of gentamicin is frequently used for its treatment. But the use of gentamicn resulted in sight-limiting complication such as cataract and the increased calcium level in the lens is an important factor of cataractogenesls. In this experiment, Ca++ - achivated ATPase activity, active Ca++ efflux and calcium concentration in the lens were measured at day 1, day 3 and 7 days after injection of gentamicin into the anterior chamber or vitreous to compare the effect on calcium transport in the rabbit lenses according to the route of administration. Ca++ -activated ATPase activity was progressively inhibited, active efflux of Ca++ was significantly decreased and calcium concentration progressively increased. So, it may be speculated that the decreased active efflux of Ca++ from the lens is related to inhibiting Ca++ -activated ATPase activity and this makes the accumulation of calcium in the lens. These effects were more severe in the intravitreal injection than in the intracameral injection group.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Anterior Chamber ; Calcium* ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins* ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intravitreal Injections

Endophthalmitis is one of the most catastrophic complications in intraocular surgery and penetrating injuries of the eye and intraocular injection of gentamicin is frequently used for its treatment. But the use of gentamicn resulted in sight-limiting complication such as cataract and the increased calcium level in the lens is an important factor of cataractogenesls. In this experiment, Ca++ - achivated ATPase activity, active Ca++ efflux and calcium concentration in the lens were measured at day 1, day 3 and 7 days after injection of gentamicin into the anterior chamber or vitreous to compare the effect on calcium transport in the rabbit lenses according to the route of administration. Ca++ -activated ATPase activity was progressively inhibited, active efflux of Ca++ was significantly decreased and calcium concentration progressively increased. So, it may be speculated that the decreased active efflux of Ca++ from the lens is related to inhibiting Ca++ -activated ATPase activity and this makes the accumulation of calcium in the lens. These effects were more severe in the intravitreal injection than in the intracameral injection group.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Anterior Chamber ; Calcium* ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins* ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intravitreal Injections

PURPOSE: To investigate the efficacy of anterior chamber paracentesis in intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA). METHODS: A prospective, randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 eyes of 30 patients undergoing IVTA. Eyes were randomly divided into two groups, those which had undergone anterior chamber paracentesis (Group 1, 15 eyes) and those which had not (Group 2, 15 eyes). We analyzed postoperative changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) in each group. RESULTS: In group 1, the mean preoperative IOP was 15.33+/-1.72 mmHg; postoperative IOP at 2 and 15 minutes was 7.80+/-1.47 and 11.73+/-1.67 mmHg, respectively. In group 2, there was significant elevation of IOP (46.73+/-8.26 mmHg) 2 minutes after the injection, although this was reduced to the normal range (16.13+/-2.61 mmHg) within 15 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: Routine anterior chamber paracentesis seems to be inappropriate considering the brief elevation in IOP that immediately follows IVTA.
Anterior Chamber* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Paracentesis* ; Prospective Studies ; Reference Values ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone*

PURPOSE: To evaluate safety and efficacy of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injection at the end of pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade. METHODS: Eyes which underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil placement were enrolled. They were followed up for at least 6 months. Group I (twenty-three consecutive eyes) received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg TA at the end of the surgery, whereas Group II (twenty-six eyes) did not. RESULTS: Postoperative vision improved by 2 lines or more in 9 eyes (39.1%) of Group I and 9 eyes (34.6%) of Group II. The posterior pole was attached in all of Group I (100.0%) and twenty-four eyes (92.3%) of Group II (P=0.17). The postoperative BCVA was 5/200 or better in fifteen eyes (65.2%) of Group I and fourteen eyes (53.8%) of Group II (P=0.51). Eight eyes (34.8%) in Group I and six eyes (23.1%) in Group II had an intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg (P=0.36). All of them were controlled with medications. Two eyes in Group II required an additional operation due to recurrence of tractional retinal detachment from the fibrous membrane. Visually significant ocular complications related with TA injections were not noted. CONCLUSIONS: The intravitreal injection of TA into silicone-filled vitrectomized eyes seems safe and efficient. But, a prospective study is necessary to demonstrate the long-term safety and efficacy.
Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Membranes ; Recurrence ; Retinal Detachment ; Silicone Oils* ; Traction ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone* ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of crystalline triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in pars plana vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: A total of 152 eyes of 143 patients were enrolled in the study, and divided into 3 groups: Group I underwent pars plana vitrectomy without intravitreal injection of TA, group II underwent TA-assisted vitrectomy, and group III underwent TA-assisted vitrectomy and received an intravitreal injection of 4 mg TA at the end of surgery. RESULTS: In Groups I, II and III, 31 eyes (62.0%), 35 eyes (67.3%), and 41 eyes (82.0%), respectively, showed frequency of gain in visual acuity, group III showed greater improvements in vision after surgery than group I; the difference was statistically significant. Four eyes (8.0%) in group I, 12 eyes (23.1%) in group II, and 12 eyes (24.0%) in group III had an intraocular pressure higher than 21 mmHg after the operation; there were statistically significant differences in groups II and III compared to group I (P=0.04, P=0.03, respectively). Ten eyes (20.0%) in group I, 3 eyes (5.8%) in group II, and 3 eyes (6.0%) in group III needed additional surgery. Groups II and III, which received TA-assisted vitrectomy, had lower incidences of re-operation than group I (P=0.03, P=0.04, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Triamcinolone acetonide-assisted vitrectomy appears to be a potentially useful way to reduce the incidence of re-operation and an intravitreal injection of TA at the end of surgery may be useful for improving postoperative visual acuity.
Crystallins ; Diabetic Retinopathy* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone* ; Visual Acuity ; Vitrectomy*

PURPOSE: To report the effects and intraocular pressure (IOP) results of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab alone compared with intravitreal low-dose bevacizumab combined with low-dose triamcinolone injection in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. METHODS: In total, 40 eyes of 40 patients diagnosed with central retinal vein occlusion were evaluated. Of these, 20 eyes of 20 patients were injected with intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg/0.05 mL), and 20 eyes of 20 patients were injected with low-dose bevacizumab (0.625 mg/0.025 mL) combined with low-dose triamcinolone (1 mg/0.025 mL). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and IOP of treated eyes were measured before injection and at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after injection. RESULTS: In both the intravitreal bevacizumab and the low-dose bevacizumab combined with low-dose triamcinolone groups, CMT decreased significantly at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after injection (p < 0.05). In addition, in both groups, neither IOP nor BCVA decreased significantly at 1 month, 2 months, or 3 months after injection (p > 0.05). The BCVA, IOP, and CMT at 1 month, 2 months, and 3 months after injection showed no significant differences between the intravitreal bevacizumab group and the low-dose bevacizumab combined with low-dose triamcinolone group (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The CMT of both groups decreased significantly, and BCVA of both groups increased significantly in patients with central retinal vein occlusion. Injection of low-dose intravitreal bevacizumab combined with low-dose intravitreal triamcinolone may be useful for the treatment of central retinal vein occlusion.
Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Retinal Vein* ; Triamcinolone* ; Visual Acuity ; Bevacizumab

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of intravitreal injections of 4 mg or 8 mg triamcinolone acetonide(TA) on intraocular pressure (IOP) in macular edema. METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted by reviewing follow-up records for the eyes of 60 patients with macular edema 6 months receiving a intravitreal TA injection. Two groups, A and B, who had received TA injections of either 4 or 8 mg, respectively, were compared. RESULTS: The average pre-injection IOP for group A was 12.8+/-2.6 mmHg, and the average post-injection IOP at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months was 15.0+/-2.7, 14.6+/-3.2, 15.3+/-3.5, 15.8+/-4.0, and 14.4+/-2.8 mmHg, respectively. The average pre-injection IOP for group B was 12.5+/-2.4 mmHg, and the average post-injection IOP at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, and 6 months was 14.9+/-2.9, 14.3+/-3.0, 14.7+/-3.2, 15.2+/-4.4, and 14.5+/-4.5 mmHg, respectively. The difference in IOP elevation between the two groups was not statistically significant (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: There was no statistically significant difference between a 4 mg or 8 mg intravitreal TA injection with respect to IOP elevation.
Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Macular Edema ; Retrospective Studies ; Triamcinolone Acetonide* ; Triamcinolone*

PURPOSE: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) changes after intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide versus bevacizumab injection. METHODS: IOP was measured in 40 patients who received an intravitreal injection of 0.1 ml triamcinolone and 40 patients who received 2 consecutive intravitreal injections of bevacizumab (0.05 ml and 0.1 ml). Patients were divided into three groups : 0.1 ml triamcinolone group (0.1 IVTA group), 0.05 ml bevacizumab group (0.05 IVB group), and 0.1 ml bevacizumab group (0.1 IVB group). IOPs were compared within groups at different time points (before, 1 day after, and 30 days after the injection) and between groups at the same time points. RESULTS: In the 0.05 IVB and 0.1 IVB groups, IOP at 1 day after injection was significantly lower than before injection (P< 0.01, P = 0.03), and IOP at 30 days after injection was significantly higher than IOP at 1 day after injection (P < 0.01, P < 0.01). In the 0.1 IVTA group, IOP at 30 days after injection was significantly higher than before injection (P = 0.01). Between groups, IOP at 1 day after injection in the 0.05 IVB group was significantly lower than IOP in the 0.1 IVTA group (P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: IOP was decreased at 1 day after intravitreal bevacizumab injection, whereas in intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide IOP elevation persisted after 1 month.
Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections ; Triamcinolone ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Bevacizumab