PURPOSE: To evaluate the changes of anterior chamber parameters and intraocular pressure (IOP) with Pentacam(R) after intravitreal injection. METHODS: A total of 76 eyes of 76 patients received an intravitreal injection of either triamcinolone acetonide (TA) or bevacizumab. Twelve patients were treated with an intravitreal injection of TA 0.1 ml, 16 patients were treated with an intravitreal injection of TA 0.05 ml, while the remaining 48 patients received a bevacizumab 0.05 ml injection. All patients underwent anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, and anterior chamber volume evaluation with Pentacam(R) before and 5 minutes after injection. Additionally, IOP measurements were taken 5 minutes before and 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 1 day after injection. RESULTS: Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber volume, and IOP changes in patients receiving TA 0.1 ml were 0.4 +/- 0.11 mm, 10.2 +/- 4.1degrees, 33.7 +/- 5.9 mm3 and 18.8 +/- 12.1 mm Hg, respectively. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber volume, and IOP changes in patients receiving TA 0.05 ml were -0.01 +/- 0.05 mm, 2.4 +/- 3.2degrees, 5.8 +/- 9.5 mm3 and 4.8 +/- 7.4 mm Hg, respectively. Anterior chamber depth, anterior chamber angle, anterior chamber volume, and IOP changes in patients receiving bevacizumab were 0.28 +/- 0.99 mm, 0.8 +/- 4.0degrees, 7.1 +/- 9.6 mm3 and 5.4 +/- 6.3 mm Hg, respectively. There was a significant difference between TA 0.1 ml and 0.05 ml. However, there was no significant difference between TA 0.05 ml and bevacizumab 0.05 ml. CONCLUSIONS: Because of similar anterior chamber parameters changes after 0.05 ml intravitreal injection with TA or bevacizumab, early period IOP increases due to intravitreal volume expansion. Intravitreal 0.05 ml injections do not require any other procedures for controlling IOP 30 minutes after injection.
Anterior Chamber* ; Humans ; Intraocular Pressure ; Intravitreal Injections* ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Bevacizumab

Retinal changes of rabbit after intraocular injection of lidocaine(group I), lidocaine-epinephrine 1:50,000 (group II), and normal saline (group III) were studied with electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Intracellular edema of the cells of the inner nuclear layer and the inner one third of the outer nueler layer was observed. 2. The photoreceptor outer segments showed mild fragmentation. 3. Swelling of mitochondria and several phagosomes were observed in the cytoplasm of the pigment epithelium. 4. Above changes were reversible during the observation period of one week. 5. No significant differences between the groups I, II, and III were noted.
Cytoplasm ; Edema ; Epithelium ; Injections, Intraocular* ; Lidocaine* ; Mitochondria ; Phagosomes ; Retina* ; Retinaldehyde

PURPOSE: The present study examined the risk of intraocular infection only in cases where the injection needle was replaced when the injection needle was contaminated before intraocular injection. METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were cultured and smeared on the end of 30 syringe needles containing 0.1 mL normal saline. After removing only the injection needle, the normal saline in the syringes was injected onto blood agar plates and cultured. RESULTS: The culture results were positive in 21 out of 30 samples in the group smeared with Staphylococcus aureus, and in 25 out of 30 samples in the group smeared with Staphylococcus epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: When the injection needle is contaminated, the replacement of the needle does not eliminate the possibility of intraocular infection.
Agar ; Endophthalmitis ; Injections, Intraocular ; Needles ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Syringes

PURPOSE: The present study examined the risk of intraocular infection only in cases where the injection needle was replaced when the injection needle was contaminated before intraocular injection. METHODS: Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis were cultured and smeared on the end of 30 syringe needles containing 0.1 mL normal saline. After removing only the injection needle, the normal saline in the syringes was injected onto blood agar plates and cultured. RESULTS: The culture results were positive in 21 out of 30 samples in the group smeared with Staphylococcus aureus, and in 25 out of 30 samples in the group smeared with Staphylococcus epidermidis. CONCLUSIONS: When the injection needle is contaminated, the replacement of the needle does not eliminate the possibility of intraocular infection.
Agar ; Endophthalmitis ; Injections, Intraocular ; Needles ; Staphylococcus aureus ; Staphylococcus epidermidis ; Syringes

A trial with eye drops of practolol, 0.2% and propranolol, 0.1%, and intravenous injection of practolol, 1-4mg/kg. and propranolol, 0.5-2mg/kg. in rabbits was done for the changes of ocular tension. Ocular tension was estimated by Schotz tonometer. The E.C.G. was recorded before and after treatment of the above drugs. In the rabbits all of doses of practolol, topically and systemically applied failed to reduce ocular tension, but propranolol reduced slightly ocular tension which was suggested that the lowering of ocular tension was mediated by its local anesthetic activity.
Injections, Intravenous ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Ophthalmic Solutions ; Practolol* ; Propranolol ; Rabbits*

Effect of Ouabain administration on aqueous humor dynamics were studied in albino rabbits. Intravenous injection of 0.1 mg/kg of ouabain in 10 rabbits produced significant reduction of intraocular pressure. The highest lowering of intraocular pressure occurred 70 minutes after the injection, its magnitude being 35.54% of the original pressure. The intraocular pressure returned to its original pressure 117.0 minutes after the injection. Perilimbal suction cup studies revealed 26.92 % reduction in aqueous flow. Intravitreal injection of O.1 micro gram of ouabain dissolved in 0.02 ml performed in 5 rabbits' eyes produced marked lowering of intraocular pressure. The maximum tension lowering effect (60.15%) was observed 4.6 days after the administration, and the tension recovered 15.8 days after the injection. Perilimbal suction cup studies showed 29.48 % reduction in aqueous flow. It is concluded that Na-K ATPase play an important role in the aqueous formation and that ouabain lowers the intraocular pressure by supressing this enzyme. Intravitreal administration has more powerful tension-lowering effect than intravenous injection.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Aqueous Humor ; Injections, Intravenous ; Intraocular Pressure* ; Intravitreal Injections ; Ouabain* ; Rabbits* ; Suction

Endophthalmitis is one of the most catastrophic complications in intraocular surgery and penetrating injuries of the eye and intraocular injection of gentamicin is frequently used for its treatment. But the use of gentamicn resulted in sight-limiting complication such as cataract and the increased calcium level in the lens is an important factor of cataractogenesls. In this experiment, Ca++ - achivated ATPase activity, active Ca++ efflux and calcium concentration in the lens were measured at day 1, day 3 and 7 days after injection of gentamicin into the anterior chamber or vitreous to compare the effect on calcium transport in the rabbit lenses according to the route of administration. Ca++ -activated ATPase activity was progressively inhibited, active efflux of Ca++ was significantly decreased and calcium concentration progressively increased. So, it may be speculated that the decreased active efflux of Ca++ from the lens is related to inhibiting Ca++ -activated ATPase activity and this makes the accumulation of calcium in the lens. These effects were more severe in the intravitreal injection than in the intracameral injection group.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Anterior Chamber ; Calcium* ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins* ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intravitreal Injections

Endophthalmitis is one of the most catastrophic complications in intraocular surgery and penetrating injuries of the eye and intraocular injection of gentamicin is frequently used for its treatment. But the use of gentamicn resulted in sight-limiting complication such as cataract and the increased calcium level in the lens is an important factor of cataractogenesls. In this experiment, Ca++ - achivated ATPase activity, active Ca++ efflux and calcium concentration in the lens were measured at day 1, day 3 and 7 days after injection of gentamicin into the anterior chamber or vitreous to compare the effect on calcium transport in the rabbit lenses according to the route of administration. Ca++ -activated ATPase activity was progressively inhibited, active efflux of Ca++ was significantly decreased and calcium concentration progressively increased. So, it may be speculated that the decreased active efflux of Ca++ from the lens is related to inhibiting Ca++ -activated ATPase activity and this makes the accumulation of calcium in the lens. These effects were more severe in the intravitreal injection than in the intracameral injection group.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Anterior Chamber ; Calcium* ; Cataract ; Endophthalmitis ; Gentamicins* ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intravitreal Injections

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects and complications of mixed injections of botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A), triamcinolone acetonide, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in patients with Graves upper eyelid retraction. METHODS: Twenty-four eyes of 17 patients with a mean age of 43.9 years showed symptoms of Grave's upper eyelid retraction (GUER). They received mixed injections of BoNT-A 4 IU/0.1 mL, triamcinolone acetonide 4 mg/0.1 mL and 5-FU 5 mg/0.1 mL via subconjunctival injection. The response to treatment and the presence of adverse effects were followed up for 9.0 ± 6.0 months and evaluated retrospectively. RESULTS: Margin reflex distance 1 decreased significantly from 5.6 ± 1.2 mm to 4.7 ± 1.1 mm at 1 month after injection. Tarsal platform show increased significantly from 1.4 ± 1.3 mm to 1.8 ± 1.3 mm, and tear break up time increased significantly from 5.2 ± 3.1 seconds to 10.3 ± 7.8 seconds. When success was defined as the correction amount of GUER being larger than 1 mm, the success rate was 66.7%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that GUER correction effects last longer in patients with a duration of disease longer than 6 months. There were no severe adverse effects such as diplopia, blepharoptosis and intraocular pressure elevation. CONCLUSIONS: Mixed injections of BoNT-A, triamcinolone acetonide and 5-FU, which compensate the side effects of solitary injection and enhances the anti-fibrotic effect, improves the eyelid position and tear film stability in the patients with GUER. It is an effective and safe method for treating GUER with long maintenance with less adverse effects.
Blepharoptosis ; Botulinum Toxins, Type A ; Diplopia ; Eyelids* ; Fluorouracil* ; Humans ; Injections, Intraocular ; Intraocular Pressure ; Reflex ; Retrospective Studies ; Tears ; Triamcinolone Acetonide ; Triamcinolone*

We recently observed an unusual case of visual loss after periocular injection of silicone oil. A 31-year-old woman immediately experienced total loss of vision in the left eye with ipsilateral headache and ocular pain, dyspnea, abdominal pain, general weakness, and transient coma after subcutaneous injection of silicone oil on the glabellar area to reduce the facial wrinkles. We believe that the cause of blindness was multiple embolization in the central retinal artery and posterior ciliary branches of the ophthalmic artery.
Abdominal Pain ; Adult ; Blindness* ; Coma ; Dyspnea ; Female ; Headache ; Humans ; Injections, Intraocular ; Injections, Subcutaneous* ; Ophthalmic Artery ; Retinal Artery ; Silicone Oils*