BACKGROUND: The cell mediate immunity is of importance for the development of host resistance to dermatophytic infection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the clinical usefulness of purified trichophytin and to correlate cell mediate immunity to the clinical parameters of dermatophytosis, i. e. duration of infection, localization of infection and the type of dermatophyte involved. METHODS: For evaluation of cell mediate immunity in dermatophytosis, cutaneous immune reaction was measured in 102 patients with dermatophytosis (75 patients with chronic dermatophytosis and 27 patients with non-chronic dermatophytosis) by means of intradermal injection of purified trichophytin extracted from Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytes. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows: Patients with chronic dermatophytosis were positive in 10.7% of cases, while 51.9% of the patients with non-chronic dermatophytosis showed positive delayed cutaneous reactions (p<0.05). Of the dermatophytes isolated, 81.4% of the patients were chronically infected by T. rubrum. Delayed cutaneous reactions occured in infections with T. rubrum in only 17.1% of cases, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.06). Of the patients with tinea cruris, delayed cutaneous reactions were registered in 50%, but only in 15.1% those with tinea unguium (p<0.05). The significant difference in the rate of positivity in delayed reactions was not shown between the patients group with nail infection (15.1%) and the patients group without nail infection (28.6%). The rate of positivity in immediate and delayed reactions of the patients group in the multiple lesions (50%, 13.2%, respectively) was higher than that of the patients group in the single lesion (46.9%, 26.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study reinforced the hypothesis that susceptibility to chronic dermatophytosis is related to a lack of cell mediate immunity to the infectious agents and clinically, purified trichophytin is good for the evaluation of host sensitization to dermatophyte antigens as well as cell mediate immunity in dermatophytosis.
Arthrodermataceae ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Onychomycosis ; Tinea* ; Trichophytin*

OBJECTIVE: An accuracy test method is proposed to reduce the amount of reagents used in the test and reduce the cost of spot checks and self-tests. METHODS: According to the requirements of dose accuracy test in standard atmospheric conditions in ISO 11608-1:2014, dose accuracy test is carried out for the same batch of reusable pen injector samples by using the test method proposed in this paper and the test method in relevant foreign research, and the data measured by the two methods are processed. RESULTS: After experimental testing and analysis, the data measured by the two methods did not exceed the dose accuracy limit specified in the ISO standard. There was no significant difference between the two methods when the dose of 60 U and 30 U were tested, but there was significant difference when the dose of 1 U was tested. CONCLUSIONS Both methods can be used to evaluate dose accuracy, however, the method proposed in this paper can reduce the usage of drugs by 2/3, so it can reduce cost of supervised test.
Disposable Equipment/standards* ; Equipment Safety ; Injections, Intradermal/instrumentation* ; Syringes

Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Humans ; Injections ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intralesional ; Skin Diseases ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Extravasation of toxic chemotherapeutic 'agents cause severe skin ulceration and necrosis which often need secondary surgical intervention. Still, there were not established antidote agent in case of extravasation with mitomycin-c. Dimethyl sulfoxide is known as an effective chemical scavenger of toxic hydroxyl free radical and sodium thiosulfate also was demonstrated significant protector from mitomycin-c induced ulceration by a few experimental studies. Author investigated necrotic area of mitomycin-c injected site and compare to the effectiveness of topical treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and intradermal injection of sodium thiosulfate according to starting times, forty five mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group(n=5) had no treatment after subcutaneous injection of mitomycin-c. Experimental group I and 11 were 20 mice treated dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium.
Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Mitomycin* ; Necrosis* ; Skin Ulcer ; Sodium* ; Ulcer

Facial rejuvenation using Botulinum toxin A is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures. Many cosmetic applications of Botulinum toxin A are under evaluation. Intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin A is a variation of the intramuscular injection technique and remains relatively new technique. This evaluates the effects of intradermal injection of Botulinum Toxin A on facial wrinkle lines. Thirty patients were included to undergo intradermal injections of Botulinum toxin A on forehead, cheek and periorbital area. Three sessions of injection were performed for 10 days. Clinical photograpahs were taken for 24 weeks, and evaluated patient's satisfaction and objective improvement of facial wrinkle lines. Improvement in patient's satisfaction and facial wrinkle line was noted in the post-treatment photographs. This effect was lasted for about 12 weeks. The intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin A is effective method for facial rejuvenation without obvious side effects.
Botulinum Toxins ; Cheek ; Cosmetics ; Forehead ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Rejuvenation

A liquid jet injector employs compressed gas or spring to produce a high-velocity stream to deliver liquid drug into human body through skin. There are many clinical jet injection products available, none of which is domestic. A new liquid jet injector is designed based on a comprehensive analysis of the current products. The injector consists of an ejector, trigger and a re-positioning mechanism. The jets characteristics of sample injector are tested, and the results show that the maximum exit pressure is above 15 MPa, a threshold value for penetrating into the skin.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Injections, Jet ; instrumentation ; methods

Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is commonly used for the treatment of forehead wrinkles. In practice, physicians often use an intradermal injection for this purpose, as they feel that there is a lower risk of adverse effects compared with intramuscular injection. However, there are no direct comparative studies between those two injection modalities. We conducted a 24-week long, double-blinded, split-face, pilot study of three participants to compare the efficacy and safety of intradermal or intramuscular injection of BTXA for the treatment of forehead wrinkles. Maximum improvement of wrinkles and the time to achieve maximum effect were similar for both methods. The brow level was lower on the intramuscular injection side throughout the follow-up period for all participants. Subjective satisfaction with wrinkles was similar on both sides, but patients felt more heaviness of the eyebrow on the intramuscular side. No serious side effects were noted. In conclusion, the anti-wrinkle effect of BTXA was not significantly different between intramuscular and intradermal injections. However, side effects such as eyebrow ptosis, and heaviness were more prominent after intramuscular injection.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Eyebrows ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forehead* ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal* ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Pilot Projects

PURPOSE: These days 5 TU purified protein derivative (PPD) is substituted with 2 TU PPD for the tuberculin skin test, a test essential in the diagnosis of tuberculosis in pediatric population. However, there had been no adequate criteria for the positivity of 2 TU PPD skin test. This study was performed to clarify the criteria of positive reactivity of 2 TU PPD skin test. The reactivity of 2 TU PPD was compared to that of 5 TU PPD. METHODS: One hundred and six medical students were tested with Mantoux method. Diameters of induration were measured 72 hours after the intradermal injections of 2 TU and 5 TU PPDs. Past history and family history of tuberculosis, history of BCG administration and the presence of BCG scar were recorded. RESULTS: One hundred and three subjects completed the study. Mean diameter of 2 TU tuberculin test was 10.3 mm and that of 5 TU test was 14.4mm, which was significantly different (P<0.001). The diameters were 0-24mm in the 2 TU test and 0-25mm in the 5 TU test. The diameter of induration in 2 TU test was positively correlated to that in 5 TU test (r2=0.63). Eighty-six subjects (83.5%) in the 2 TU test and 92 subjects (89.3%) in the 5 TU test had diameters of induration of 5mm or more; 59 (57.3%) subjects in the 2 TU test and 83 (80.6%) subjects in the 5 TU test had diameters of induration of 10 mm or more; 27 (26.2%) in the 2 TU test and 64 (62.1%) in the 5 TU test had diameters of induration of 15mm or more. Seventy-six of 103 subjects (73.7%) had greater diameters of induration in 5 TU test than in 2 TU, 22 (21.4%) had the same diameters, and 5 (4.9%) had greater diameters of induration in 2 TU test than in 5 TU test, and the last 5 subjects had indurations of more than 10mm diameter in both 2 TU and 5 TU tests. CONCLUSION: The criterion of positivity in 2 TU PPD skin test, essential for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, is different from that in 5 TU test. In this study, 6 mm or more was adequate for the criterion of positivity and 10mm or more for the criterion of strong positivity. Further studies should be done to establish a criterion for the pediatric population.
Cicatrix ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Skin Tests* ; Skin* ; Students, Medical ; Tuberculin ; Tuberculin Test ; Tuberculosis

We observed allergic cutaneous reaction to vitsmin K, injection in 3 patients who developed pruritic erythematous indurated plaques at the sites of intramuscular injection and leakage sites of vitamin K1 preparation into dermis during IV injection 12 to 23 days after injection. Intradermal tests with vitamin K1,K3 and their placebos performed on 145 healthy medical students revealed positive skin reaction in 13 students 7 to 22 days after injection similar to the original 3 cases. Five students also showed the same reaction to vitarnin K1 placebo, however, a more severe reaction to vitamin K1 preparation than its placebo in 3 of them, indicating that the index of cutaneous sensitivity of vitamin K1 lies somewhere between 5. 5,% and 8. 9%. There was no cross sensitivity between vitamin K1 and K3 We consider these reactions to be of allergic nature.
Dermatitis* ; Dermis ; Humans ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Intradermal Tests ; Placebos ; Skin ; Students, Medical ; Vitamin K 1* ; Vitamins*

We report a case of 42-day-old girl with multiple abscesses in soft tissue sites and osteomyelitis caused by Staphylococcus aureus after an intradermal Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination. This may be an unusual complication of intradermal BCG vaccination.
Abscess* ; Bacillus ; Bacteremia* ; BCG Vaccine ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Mycobacterium bovis* ; Osteomyelitis ; Staphylococcus aureus* ; Staphylococcus* ; Vaccination*