BACKGROUND: The cell mediate immunity is of importance for the development of host resistance to dermatophytic infection. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the clinical usefulness of purified trichophytin and to correlate cell mediate immunity to the clinical parameters of dermatophytosis, i. e. duration of infection, localization of infection and the type of dermatophyte involved. METHODS: For evaluation of cell mediate immunity in dermatophytosis, cutaneous immune reaction was measured in 102 patients with dermatophytosis (75 patients with chronic dermatophytosis and 27 patients with non-chronic dermatophytosis) by means of intradermal injection of purified trichophytin extracted from Trichophyton(T.) mentagrophytes. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows: Patients with chronic dermatophytosis were positive in 10.7% of cases, while 51.9% of the patients with non-chronic dermatophytosis showed positive delayed cutaneous reactions (p<0.05). Of the dermatophytes isolated, 81.4% of the patients were chronically infected by T. rubrum. Delayed cutaneous reactions occured in infections with T. rubrum in only 17.1% of cases, but this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.06). Of the patients with tinea cruris, delayed cutaneous reactions were registered in 50%, but only in 15.1% those with tinea unguium (p<0.05). The significant difference in the rate of positivity in delayed reactions was not shown between the patients group with nail infection (15.1%) and the patients group without nail infection (28.6%). The rate of positivity in immediate and delayed reactions of the patients group in the multiple lesions (50%, 13.2%, respectively) was higher than that of the patients group in the single lesion (46.9%, 26.6%, respectively). CONCLUSION: The present study reinforced the hypothesis that susceptibility to chronic dermatophytosis is related to a lack of cell mediate immunity to the infectious agents and clinically, purified trichophytin is good for the evaluation of host sensitization to dermatophyte antigens as well as cell mediate immunity in dermatophytosis.
Arthrodermataceae ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Onychomycosis ; Tinea* ; Trichophytin*

OBJECTIVE: An accuracy test method is proposed to reduce the amount of reagents used in the test and reduce the cost of spot checks and self-tests. METHODS: According to the requirements of dose accuracy test in standard atmospheric conditions in ISO 11608-1:2014, dose accuracy test is carried out for the same batch of reusable pen injector samples by using the test method proposed in this paper and the test method in relevant foreign research, and the data measured by the two methods are processed. RESULTS: After experimental testing and analysis, the data measured by the two methods did not exceed the dose accuracy limit specified in the ISO standard. There was no significant difference between the two methods when the dose of 60 U and 30 U were tested, but there was significant difference when the dose of 1 U was tested. CONCLUSIONS Both methods can be used to evaluate dose accuracy, however, the method proposed in this paper can reduce the usage of drugs by 2/3, so it can reduce cost of supervised test.
Disposable Equipment/standards* ; Equipment Safety ; Injections, Intradermal/instrumentation* ; Syringes

Anti-Infective Agents, Local ; Humans ; Injections ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intralesional ; Skin Diseases ; Triamcinolone Acetonide

Facial rejuvenation using Botulinum toxin A is one of the most popular aesthetic procedures. Many cosmetic applications of Botulinum toxin A are under evaluation. Intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin A is a variation of the intramuscular injection technique and remains relatively new technique. This evaluates the effects of intradermal injection of Botulinum Toxin A on facial wrinkle lines. Thirty patients were included to undergo intradermal injections of Botulinum toxin A on forehead, cheek and periorbital area. Three sessions of injection were performed for 10 days. Clinical photograpahs were taken for 24 weeks, and evaluated patient's satisfaction and objective improvement of facial wrinkle lines. Improvement in patient's satisfaction and facial wrinkle line was noted in the post-treatment photographs. This effect was lasted for about 12 weeks. The intradermal injection of Botulinum toxin A is effective method for facial rejuvenation without obvious side effects.
Botulinum Toxins ; Cheek ; Cosmetics ; Forehead ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Rejuvenation

Extravasation of toxic chemotherapeutic 'agents cause severe skin ulceration and necrosis which often need secondary surgical intervention. Still, there were not established antidote agent in case of extravasation with mitomycin-c. Dimethyl sulfoxide is known as an effective chemical scavenger of toxic hydroxyl free radical and sodium thiosulfate also was demonstrated significant protector from mitomycin-c induced ulceration by a few experimental studies. Author investigated necrotic area of mitomycin-c injected site and compare to the effectiveness of topical treatment with dimethyl sulfoxide and intradermal injection of sodium thiosulfate according to starting times, forty five mice were divided into 3 groups. Control group(n=5) had no treatment after subcutaneous injection of mitomycin-c. Experimental group I and 11 were 20 mice treated dimethyl sulfoxide and sodium.
Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; Injections, Intradermal ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Mice ; Mitomycin* ; Necrosis* ; Skin Ulcer ; Sodium* ; Ulcer

A liquid jet injector employs compressed gas or spring to produce a high-velocity stream to deliver liquid drug into human body through skin. There are many clinical jet injection products available, none of which is domestic. A new liquid jet injector is designed based on a comprehensive analysis of the current products. The injector consists of an ejector, trigger and a re-positioning mechanism. The jets characteristics of sample injector are tested, and the results show that the maximum exit pressure is above 15 MPa, a threshold value for penetrating into the skin.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Injections, Jet ; instrumentation ; methods

Intramuscular injection of botulinum toxin A (BTXA) is commonly used for the treatment of forehead wrinkles. In practice, physicians often use an intradermal injection for this purpose, as they feel that there is a lower risk of adverse effects compared with intramuscular injection. However, there are no direct comparative studies between those two injection modalities. We conducted a 24-week long, double-blinded, split-face, pilot study of three participants to compare the efficacy and safety of intradermal or intramuscular injection of BTXA for the treatment of forehead wrinkles. Maximum improvement of wrinkles and the time to achieve maximum effect were similar for both methods. The brow level was lower on the intramuscular injection side throughout the follow-up period for all participants. Subjective satisfaction with wrinkles was similar on both sides, but patients felt more heaviness of the eyebrow on the intramuscular side. No serious side effects were noted. In conclusion, the anti-wrinkle effect of BTXA was not significantly different between intramuscular and intradermal injections. However, side effects such as eyebrow ptosis, and heaviness were more prominent after intramuscular injection.
Botulinum Toxins* ; Eyebrows ; Follow-Up Studies ; Forehead* ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal* ; Injections, Intramuscular ; Pilot Projects

In a previous communication, we described a relatively simpli. method for assaying quantities of sweat using the skin surface hydrometer. In order to evaluate the pharmacologic response of weat glands in psoriasis, vitiligo and loalized scleroderma, we measured the basal skin conductance and the quantity of sweat induced by intradermal injections of pilocarpine nitrate in the lesional and per ilesional skin. The results were as follows : 1. In psoriatic plaques, based skin surface hydration and the sweat response to pilocarpine was markedly reduced (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in normal perilesional skin. 2. In generalized vitiligo, basal skin surface hydration and the sweat gland response was normal. In the case of the segmental type, there was a slightly decreased sweat response in the lesion but, not significant statistically. 3. In the morphea plaque, basal skin surface hydration and the sw.at response to pilocarpine was markedly reduced but was normal in perilesional skin. This study presents evidence of the functional changes in the development of sweat secretion and surface hydration in the lesions of psoriasis, morphec and segmental type of vitiligo. The demonstration of ahnormalities in the pharmacolopic response to pilocarpine induction led us to suggest the possibility that some degree of sweat gland involvement is induced by the pathogenetic mechanisms of these diseases.
Injections, Intradermal ; Pilocarpine ; Psoriasis* ; Scleroderma, Localized ; Skin ; Sweat Glands* ; Sweat* ; Vitiligo*

BACKGROUND: Pathergy, or skin hypersensitivity to needle puncture has been reported as a diagnostic test for Behcets ciisease. But the positivity of pathergy test in recurrent aphthous stomatitis which can be a comporent of Behcets disease is obscure. In recent years it has been noted that the positivity of the test has decreased. It is possible to say that the disposable needles used nowadays are less trauniatic to initiate the reaction than are the nondisposable ones used in the preAIDS ara by some uthors. OBJECTIVE: It is the porpose of this study to clarify the value of pathergy test in differentiating Behcets disease from recurrent aphthous stomatitis and to evaluate the difference of positivity using various kinds of needles, and finally to suggest the most profitable one. METHODS: 34 patients with Behcets disease according to the diagnostic criteria of Shimizu(revisecl) 25 ones in case of applying that of International study group for Behcets disease(ISG) and 21 ones with recurrent aphthous stomatitis, and 25 normal controls were selected. A pathergy test, i.e., intradermal injection of 0.1 ml physiological saline by using 26 gauge & 20 gauge disposable needles and 26 gauge & 20 gauge nondisposable ones were given and the evaluation was made after 24 hours and 48 hours. RESULTS: 1. The positive rates of pathergy test using all kinds of needles in Behcets disease were significantly higher than thoen recurrent aphthous stomatitis and normal controls(p=0.00000-0.03600). The sensitivity were 29.4% 64.7% (Shimizu) and 32.0% 76.0% (ISG), respectively, and the specificity were 91.3%-100.0% for all of them. 2. In Behcets disease, the positive rates of the pathergy test using 26 gauge disposable needles were not significantly different from that of using ZO gauge disposable needles in total and active patients after 24 and 4.3 hours and so were 26 gauge R 20 gauge nondisposable ones(p=0.40134 -0.80603(Shimizu), 0.37551-0.77078(ISG) ). 3. In Behcets disease, the positive rates of pathergy test using 26 gauge nondisposable needles were 59%-68%(Shimiu) and 64% 79% (ISG), which were significantly different, from the test using 20 gauge disposable needles, i.e. 29%-36%(Shimizu), 40%-46%(ISG) in total and active patients(p==0.00753-0.01512) after 24 and 48 hours except for those by the criteria of ISG after 24 hours(p=0.14573-0.15597). CONCLUSION: This study shows that the pathergy test is obviously useful in differentiating Behcets disease from ecurrent aphthous stomatitis and we recommend the intradermal injection of 0.1 ml physiological saline by using 26 gauge nondisposable needle and the evaluation after 48 hours as a standard mithod of pathergy test.
Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; Injections, Intradermal ; Needles ; Punctures ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Skin ; Stomatitis, Aphthous*

The influence of ultraviolet light(UVL) upon sunburn cell(SBC) formation according to the change of mitosis was studied in mouse skin. Decrease of mitosis which suppress cell proliferation was done by methotrexate (MTX) intradermal injection. Increase of mitosis which stimulate cell proliferation was performecl by tape stripping(TS). A total of 75 ICR female albino mice was used in this study. UV light source was UVB using high pressure mercury arc. The arnount exposed was 100m J/cm2. 1. The number of SBC in 1cm epidermis after UVI exposure was 42.4+/-20.9. The number of SBC was decreased by MTX injection(18.4+/-9.2), and increased by TS(78.5+/-12.8). 2. Labelling index(LI, %) in normal mouse skin was 8.9+/-1.8. LI was decreased by MTX injection(4.4+/-1.7), and markedly increased by TS (24.2+/-4.7). These results suggest that the change of mitosis which correlated with cell proliferation influence the SBC formation by UV exposure.
Animals ; Autoradiography ; Cell Proliferation ; Epidermis ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intradermal ; Methotrexate ; Mice ; Mitosis* ; Skin ; Sunburn* ; Ultraviolet Rays*