PURPOSE: We report a case of cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis following placement of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant in an immunocompetent patient diagnosed with non-infectious uveitis. CASE SUMMARY: A 60-year-old woman was referred to our hospital for recurrent anterior uveitis. Fundus examination and fluorescein angiography showed dense vitritis, but no definite retinal infiltration. After laboratory examinations, the patient was diagnosed with non-infectious panuveitis. Uveitis was much improved after the patient started taking oral steroid medication. However, the patient complained of systemic side effects from the oral steroids. Medication was stopped, and an intravitreal dexamethasone implant was fitted to address worsening inflammation. Two months later, perivascular retinal infiltration developed and vitritis recurred. Viral retinitis was suspected, and the patient underwent diagnostic vitrectomy adjunctive with intravitreal ganciclovir injection. Polymerase chain reaction of vitreous fluid confirmed the diagnosis of CMV retinitis. The patient has remained inflammation-free for more than 20 months after vitrectomy, single ganciclovir injection, and 2 months of oral valganciclovir medication. CONCLUSIONS: This is a case report of CMV retinitis following placement of an intravitreal dexamethasone implant in an immunocompetent patient without any risk factors or previous history of immunosuppression. Potential risk factors for CMV retinitis should be evaluated and careful follow-up should be performed when intravitreal dexamethasone injections are unavoidable for the treatment of non-infectious uveitis.
Cytomegalovirus Retinitis ; Cytomegalovirus ; Dexamethasone ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Fluorescein Angiography ; Follow-Up Studies ; Ganciclovir ; Humans ; Immunosuppression ; Inflammation ; Middle Aged ; Panuveitis ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Retinaldehyde ; Retinitis ; Risk Factors ; Steroids ; Uveitis ; Uveitis, Anterior ; Vitrectomy

PURPOSE: This study was done to identify the differences nursing needs and satisfaction with medications in patients admitted to hospital. METHOD: The participants were 258 patients admitted for 3days or more to D hospital. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviations, t-test and ANOVA. SPSS-WIN 11.0 was used to assist analysis. RESULTS: The results are as follow: 1. Variables effecting nursing needs were education and economic level. All scores of nursing needs were higher in the group with less than middle school education compared to those with high school education or higher. 2. The scores for nursing needs were higher than the score for satisfaction in common item and injection domains. The scores for nursing satisfaction were higher than nursing needs in the oral medication domain. 3. The item with the highest difference between the scores for nursing needs and satisfaction was 'I want to know the side effect of the drugs'. CONCLUSION: Patients admitted to hospital want to know the therapeutic effect, side effect and reason for their drugs. However satisfaction with medication was not equal to needs. It is necessary to emphasize clinical pharmacology in nursing education programs.
Education ; Education, Nursing ; Humans ; Nursing* ; Pharmacology, Clinical

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the effectiveness of treatment programs for children with reading (RD) or mathematics disorders (MD). Structured treatment programs were developed to improve phonological awareness and number sense among children and adolescents with RD or MD, respectively, and the effectiveness of the learning disorder treatment programs were evaluated. Methods: We used standardized, objective diagnostic, and evaluation tools not only to recruit participants with RD, MD, or comorbid attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, but also to assess the effectiveness of the treatments regarding both improved core neurocognitive deficits of RD or MD and academic achievement. Forty children with RD or MD received one-on-one treatments from therapists. Results: In the RD group, treatment effects were observed in all subtests. In the word and paragraph reading tests, the accuracy rates and fluency improved. The results of the phonological working memory test, word–sound correspondence test, and rapid automatic naming tests also improved. In the MD group, the accuracy rate and fluency on the arithmetic test improved. An increase in the accuracy rate in the size and distance comparison tests and a decrease in the error rate in the estimation test were also observed. However, there were no improvements in reaction time in these subtests. Conclusion Learning disorder treatment programs that focus on improving phonological awareness or number sense in children with RD or MD improved achievement, phonological awareness, and number sense.

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of dentigerous and radicular cysts that occur between deciduous and succeeding permanent teeth and to propose considerations for differential diagnosis of cysts at the treatment planning stage in the outpatient clinic. Materials and Methods: A total of 87 patients with a cystic lesion located between a deciduous tooth and the succeeding permanent tooth participated in the study. Twelve variables were analyzed to diagnose such a cyst. For data analysis, Fisher’s exact test was used to determine the statistical significance of the variables. Results: Of the total 87 patients who participated in this study, 69 were diagnosed with dentigerous cysts and 18 were diagnosed with radicular cysts.Seven of the 12 differential factors analyzed in this study were statistically significant: age, location, symptoms, dental caries, endodontic treatment, delayed eruption, and size. Conclusion Several criteria can be considered for diagnosis of dentigerous cysts or radicular cysts. Age, location, presence of symptoms and dental caries, previous endodontic treatment, cystic size, and delayed eruption of impacted permanent teeth are reliable factors that should be considered when diagnosing dentigerous and radicular cysts.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate risk factors and symptoms in cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) patients. Materials and Methods: In this study, 62 patients who were diagnosed histologically with COD were investigated from 2010 to 2020 at the author’s institution. We compared clinical and radiological characteristics of symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The factors were sex, age, lesion size, site, radiologic stage of lesion, apical involvement, sign of infection, and history of tooth extraction. Statistical analysis was performed using Fisher’s exact test and the chi-square test. Results: COD was more prevalent in female patients. With the exception of three cases, all were focal COD. The majority of patients presented with symptoms when the lesion was smaller than 1.5 cm in size. Symptoms were observed when the apex of the tooth was included in the lesion or there was a local infection around the lesion. The history of tooth extraction and previous endodontic treatment were evaluated, and history was not a significant predictor for the onset of symptoms. Conclusion In this study, risk factors associated with symptomatic patients were size of lesion, apical involvement, and local infection.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic characteristics of idiopathic bone cavity (IBC) to determine the effect of surgical intervention on the process of healing. Materials and Methods: All cases diagnosed with IBC during the period of 2011 to 2020 at our Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery were searched. Ninety cases were retrieved. The features evaluated were sex, age, contour of the lesion, number of teeth involved, site, history of trauma, and postoperative healing pattern. The significance of differences was assessed by Mann–Whitney U test and chi-square test. Results: The female:male ratio showed no predilection toward either sex (0.9:0.8). The mean age of the collected sample was 22.05±14.38 years, and the age ranged from 10 to 58 years. All cases presented in the mandible and showed well-circumscribed radiolucency. Margins were either scalloped or round in shape, and the size varied from one tooth to six teeth involvement. Seventy cases involved three or fewer roots. Three cases showed bilateral lesion. Four cases had a history of trauma at the area of the lesion. Fifty-one cases were followed for six months after surgery, and all showed increased bone density at the lesion. Conclusion There is no definitive radiological or clinical feature of IBC. Considering the diversity of clinical and radiological features, such a diagnosis relies primarily on surgical findings of an empty bone cavity with no epithelial lining. Our data suggest that surgical intervention be the first choice of treatment as opposed to observation.

Airway management is a fundamental and complex process that involves a sequence of integrated tasks. Situations requiring emergency airway management may occur in the emergency department, intensive care units, and various other clinical spaces. A variety of challenges can arise during emergency airway preparation, intubation, and postintubation, which may result in significant complications for patients. Therefore, many countries are establishing step-by-step systemization and detailed guidelines and/or updating their content based on the latest research. This clinical review introduces the current trends in emergency airway management, such as emergency airway management algorithms, comparison of video and direct laryngoscopy, rapid sequence intubation, pediatric airway management, prehospital airway management, surgical airway management, and airway management education.

Airway management is a fundamental and complex process that involves a sequence of integrated tasks. Situations requiring emergency airway management may occur in the emergency department, intensive care units, and various other clinical spaces. A variety of challenges can arise during emergency airway preparation, intubation, and postintubation, which may result in significant complications for patients. Therefore, many countries are establishing step-by-step systemization and detailed guidelines and/or updating their content based on the latest research. This clinical review introduces the current trends in emergency airway management, such as emergency airway management algorithms, comparison of video and direct laryngoscopy, rapid sequence intubation, pediatric airway management, prehospital airway management, surgical airway management, and airway management education.

Airway management is a fundamental and complex process that involves a sequence of integrated tasks. Situations requiring emergency airway management may occur in the emergency department, intensive care units, and various other clinical spaces. A variety of challenges can arise during emergency airway preparation, intubation, and postintubation, which may result in significant complications for patients. Therefore, many countries are establishing step-by-step systemization and detailed guidelines and/or updating their content based on the latest research. This clinical review introduces the current trends in emergency airway management, such as emergency airway management algorithms, comparison of video and direct laryngoscopy, rapid sequence intubation, pediatric airway management, prehospital airway management, surgical airway management, and airway management education.

PURPOSE: Medullary breast carcinomas (MBC) have been known to represent a rare breast cancer subtype associated with a more favorable prognosis than invasive ductal carcinomas (IDC). The purpose of this study was to compare the clinicopathologic characteristics and outcomes of MBC with those of IDC. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with invasive breast cancer who were managed surgically from August 1995 to June 2010. RESULTS: Fifty-two patients were identified with MBC and 5,716 patients were identified with IDC. The clinicopathologic features, disease-free survival (DFS), and overall survival (OS) of patients with MBC were compared with those of patients with IDC. The MBC group presented at a younger age (p=0.005) and had a significant association with a higher histological grade (p=0.003) and nuclear grade (p<0.001) as well as negative estrogen receptor (p<0.001) and progesterone receptor (p<0.001) status. Lymphatic invasion was absent (p<0.001) and lymph node metastasis was rare (p<0.001). The DFS and OS did not differ significantly between the two groups (5-year DFS: 88.0% vs. 89.2%, p=0.920; 5-year OS: 93.4% vs. 94.4%, p=0.503). In multivariate analysis, the factors associated with DFS and OS were nuclear grade, histological grade, tumor size, lymph node metastasis, estrogen receptor status, progesterone receptor status, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 status, chemotherapy, and hormone therapy. However, DFS and OS were not significantly different between IDC and MBC according to histological type itself (DFS: hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.12-6.05, p=0.866; OS: hazard ratio 1.49, 95% confidence interval 0.21-10.77, p=0.692). CONCLUSION: Although MBC has specific clinicopathologic features, its prognosis does not differ from IDC and is determined by prognostic factors such as tumor size and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, patients with MBC also require the same intensive treatment provided for IDC.
Breast Neoplasms ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal* ; Carcinoma, Medullary ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Estrogens ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Medical Records ; Multivariate Analysis ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Prognosis ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Retrospective Studies