Biomaterials have been used to supplement and restore function and structure by replacing or restoring parts of damaged tissues and organs. In ancient times, the medical use of biomaterials was limited owing to infection during surgery and poor surgical techniques. However, in modern times, the medical applications of biomaterials are diversifying owing to great developments in material science and medical technology. In this paper, we introduce biomaterials, focusing on calcium phosphate ceramics, including octacalcium phosphate, which has recently attracted attention as a bone graft material.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether the lower extremity muscle mass index (LMI) mediates the relationship between general obesity, central obesity, and knee osteoarthritis in middle-aged and elderly women in Korea. METHODS: Data of 2,843 women aged ≥50 years were collected from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted between 2009 and 2011. General obesity and central obesity were evaluated based on body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC), calculated through anthropometric measurements and body composition assessments. LMI was calculated by dividing the muscle mass in both legs—measured using the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry—by body weight. Knee osteoarthritis was defined as a Kellgren-Lawrence scale (KL) grade of ≥2 as assessed through radiographic images. RESULTS: Knee osteoarthritis prevalence, indicated by KL grades, was significantly higher in the general obesity and central obesity groups compared to the normal group, and conversely, lower with varying LMI levels. Using mediation analysis with bootstrapping and adjusting for covariates, we found that LMI mediated the relationship between BMI and KL (β, 0.005; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.000 to 0.010) and WC and KL grade (β, 0.002; 95% CI, 0.001 to 0.003), explaining 4.8% and 6.7% of the total effects of BMI and WC on KL grade, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The study suggested that LMI partially mediates the link between general obesity and/or central obesity and knee osteoarthritis, proposing that a higher proportion of lower limb muscle mass relative to body weight can alleviate the increased risk of knee osteoarthritis caused by obesity.

Biomaterials have been used to supplement and restore function and structure by replacing or restoring parts of damaged tissues and organs. In ancient times, the medical use of biomaterials was limited owing to infection during surgery and poor surgical techniques. However, in modern times, the medical applications of biomaterials are diversifying owing to great developments in material science and medical technology. In this paper, we introduce biomaterials, focusing on calcium phosphate ceramics, including octacalcium phosphate, which has recently attracted attention as a bone graft material.

Biomaterials have been used to supplement and restore function and structure by replacing or restoring parts of damaged tissues and organs. In ancient times, the medical use of biomaterials was limited owing to infection during surgery and poor surgical techniques. However, in modern times, the medical applications of biomaterials are diversifying owing to great developments in material science and medical technology. In this paper, we introduce biomaterials, focusing on calcium phosphate ceramics, including octacalcium phosphate, which has recently attracted attention as a bone graft material.

Biomaterials have been used to supplement and restore function and structure by replacing or restoring parts of damaged tissues and organs. In ancient times, the medical use of biomaterials was limited owing to infection during surgery and poor surgical techniques. However, in modern times, the medical applications of biomaterials are diversifying owing to great developments in material science and medical technology. In this paper, we introduce biomaterials, focusing on calcium phosphate ceramics, including octacalcium phosphate, which has recently attracted attention as a bone graft material.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of muscle strength exercise in the association between obesity status and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: The study subjects were 1,266 elderly women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2011. Participants were categorized into three groups (normal, single obesity, multi-obesity) based on the presence or absence of obesity and abdominal obesity determined by body mass index and waist circumference. Additionally, they were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of muscle strength exercise. Logistic regression used to examine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for KOA according to the independent and combined levels of obesity status and participation in strength training. Results: The multi-obesity group had a significantly higher probability of being exposed to KOA compared to the normal group (OR, 2.489; 95% CI, 1.837−3.372). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with and without participation in muscle strength exercise. We also calculated ORs for KOA exposure according to muscle strength exercise participation by obesity status. The results showed that in the multi-obesity group, the probability of KOA exposure was significantly higher in the group not participating in muscle strength exercise compared to the group participating in muscle strength exercise (OR, 2.998; 95% CI, 1.312−6.853). Conclusion This study suggests that regularly participating in muscle strength exercise may play a protective role against the risk of KOA associated with obesity and abdominal obesity.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of muscle strength exercise in the association between obesity status and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: The study subjects were 1,266 elderly women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2011. Participants were categorized into three groups (normal, single obesity, multi-obesity) based on the presence or absence of obesity and abdominal obesity determined by body mass index and waist circumference. Additionally, they were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of muscle strength exercise. Logistic regression used to examine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for KOA according to the independent and combined levels of obesity status and participation in strength training. Results: The multi-obesity group had a significantly higher probability of being exposed to KOA compared to the normal group (OR, 2.489; 95% CI, 1.837−3.372). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with and without participation in muscle strength exercise. We also calculated ORs for KOA exposure according to muscle strength exercise participation by obesity status. The results showed that in the multi-obesity group, the probability of KOA exposure was significantly higher in the group not participating in muscle strength exercise compared to the group participating in muscle strength exercise (OR, 2.998; 95% CI, 1.312−6.853). Conclusion This study suggests that regularly participating in muscle strength exercise may play a protective role against the risk of KOA associated with obesity and abdominal obesity.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of muscle strength exercise in the association between obesity status and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: The study subjects were 1,266 elderly women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2011. Participants were categorized into three groups (normal, single obesity, multi-obesity) based on the presence or absence of obesity and abdominal obesity determined by body mass index and waist circumference. Additionally, they were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of muscle strength exercise. Logistic regression used to examine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for KOA according to the independent and combined levels of obesity status and participation in strength training. Results: The multi-obesity group had a significantly higher probability of being exposed to KOA compared to the normal group (OR, 2.489; 95% CI, 1.837−3.372). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with and without participation in muscle strength exercise. We also calculated ORs for KOA exposure according to muscle strength exercise participation by obesity status. The results showed that in the multi-obesity group, the probability of KOA exposure was significantly higher in the group not participating in muscle strength exercise compared to the group participating in muscle strength exercise (OR, 2.998; 95% CI, 1.312−6.853). Conclusion This study suggests that regularly participating in muscle strength exercise may play a protective role against the risk of KOA associated with obesity and abdominal obesity.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the role of muscle strength exercise in the association between obesity status and knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods: The study subjects were 1,266 elderly women aged 65 years and older who participated in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2009 to 2011. Participants were categorized into three groups (normal, single obesity, multi-obesity) based on the presence or absence of obesity and abdominal obesity determined by body mass index and waist circumference. Additionally, they were categorized into two groups based on the presence or absence of muscle strength exercise. Logistic regression used to examine the odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for KOA according to the independent and combined levels of obesity status and participation in strength training. Results: The multi-obesity group had a significantly higher probability of being exposed to KOA compared to the normal group (OR, 2.489; 95% CI, 1.837−3.372). However, there was no significant difference between the groups with and without participation in muscle strength exercise. We also calculated ORs for KOA exposure according to muscle strength exercise participation by obesity status. The results showed that in the multi-obesity group, the probability of KOA exposure was significantly higher in the group not participating in muscle strength exercise compared to the group participating in muscle strength exercise (OR, 2.998; 95% CI, 1.312−6.853). Conclusion This study suggests that regularly participating in muscle strength exercise may play a protective role against the risk of KOA associated with obesity and abdominal obesity.

Ischiofemoral impingement syndrome is known as one of the causes of hip pain due to impingement of ischium and femur, and usually correlated with trauma or operation. We report a rare case of ischiofemoral impingement syndrome that has no history of trauma or surgery. A 48-year-old female patient was referred for 2 months history of the left hip pain, radiating to lower extremity with a hip snapping sensation. She had no history of trauma or surgery at or around the hip joint and femur. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the lumbar spine showed no abnormality, except diffuse bulging disc without cord compression at the lumbosacral area. Electrophysiologic study was normal, and there were no neurologic abnormalities compatible with the lumbosacral radiculopathy or spinal stenosis. Hip MRI revealed quadratus femoris muscle edema with concurrent narrowing of the ischiofemoral space. The distance of ischiofemoral space and quadratus femoris space were narrow. It was compatible with ischiofemoral impingement syndrome. After treatment with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, physical therapy, and exercise program, the patient's pain was relieved and the snapping was improved. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a nontraumatic, noniatrogenic ischiofemoral impingement syndrome, and also the first case to be treated by a nonsurgical method in the Republic of Korea.
Edema ; Female ; Femur ; Hip ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Ischium ; Lower Extremity ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Muscles ; Radiculopathy ; Republic of Korea ; Sensation ; Spinal Stenosis ; Spine