PURPOSE: This paper studies the influence of the case-management program on the change of blood sugar, lifestyle, and knowledge level of diabetes mellitus (DM) for medium-sizedenterprise employees suffering from DM. METHOD: Subjects, divided into experimental and control groups, are 59 workers with FBS higher than 126mg/dl or under DM medication treatment in the medium-sized enterprises, being managed by two distinct university hospital group occupational health management service teams. The case management program for DM patients consists of 6 different processes in which each subject is treated. RESULT: FBS decreased in the experimental group after the program, while that of the control group increased significantly. In the experimental group, the amount of smoking, the frequency of drinking and the amount of drinking per week decreased. Also, the knowledge level for DM and the change of nutrition management showed significant increase. In the control group, the amount of smoking increased and the frequency of drinking, the amount of drinking and nutrition level did not change significantly. And the knowledge level for DM decreased. CONCLUSION: We expect that taking this case management program for DM management may significantly improve diabetic patients' overall health.
Blood Glucose ; Case Management ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Drinking ; Humans ; Life Style ; Occupational Health ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stress, Psychological

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to develop and apply the critical pathway to the orbital wall fracture patients and to elucidate its effect. METHODS: Critical pathway(CP) sheet and questionnaire were developed by a team approach. Critical pathway was applied to 7 orbital wall fracture patients (CP group) from April 2006 to September 2006. Length of hospitalization and cost for hospitalization of CP group were compared to those of the 10 patients who had same disease entities and treated by conventional regimen(control group). RESULTS: Length of hospitalization in the CP group (7.20 day) were insignificantly shorter than that of control group(8.71 day). Mean cost for hospitalization of the CP group(776,398 won) were insignificantly lower than that of control group(1,028,531 won). The patients satisfaction for the explanation regarding operation procedure, therapeutic operation fee, length of hospitalization and medical personnel were all affirmative. CONCLUSION: Critical pathway that we developed for orbital wall fracture definitely improved the quality of treatment. Furthermore, other critical pathways should be developed for another facial trauma patients.
Critical Pathways* ; Fees and Charges ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Orbit* ; Orbital Fractures ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Anatomists* ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Hematoma, Subdural ; Intracranial Hypotension

The aim of this study is to consider breast imagery in art as depicted through western painting. Twenty western art paintings were collated. Most of the sample paintings were created from the mid-nineteenth century to the late twentieth century and some are from the Renaissance period. Ten anthropometric items were used to measure 15 distances between two landmarks and 3 angles between three points. The distance from the nipple to the sternal notch and to the midclavicular point was the same and they were 0.46 of the distance from the sternal notch to the umbilicus. The shape of the projection of the breast was almost an isosceles triangle and the altitude of the triangle was at a proportion of 0.45 of the bottom length and 0.16 of the distance from the sternal notch to the umbilicus. The distance between the lateral ends of the breasts was 2.14 times the facial width and the distance between nipples was 1.36 times the facial width. Proportions from works of art are more ideal and attractive than clinically measured proportions. The desirable ratios measured from historical paintings might be useful in planning breast surgeries.
Altitude ; Breast* ; Nipples ; Paint* ; Paintings* ; Umbilicus

PURPOSE: Steatocystoma multiplex is a hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. It is not common and inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. But numerous non-hereditary cases have been reported. The neck is an unusual site in steatocystoma multiplex. METHODS: A 23-year-old woman was found to have multiple yellowish papules, which had developed on anterior surface of her neck for 10 years. RESULTS: There was no similar lesions on any other parts of the body. Histopathological examination revealed an intricately folded cyst wall consisting of several epithelial layers and flattened sebaceous gland lobules close to the cyst wall, which were typical of steatocystoma multiplex. CONCLUSION: We describe an unusual case of steatocystoma multiplex localized on the neck.
Female ; Humans ; Neck* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin Neoplasms ; Steatocystoma Multiplex* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: Steatocystoma multiplex is a hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous duct junction. It is not common and inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. But numerous non-hereditary cases have been reported. The neck is an unusual site in steatocystoma multiplex. METHODS: A 23-year-old woman was found to have multiple yellowish papules, which had developed on anterior surface of her neck for 10 years. RESULTS: There was no similar lesions on any other parts of the body. Histopathological examination revealed an intricately folded cyst wall consisting of several epithelial layers and flattened sebaceous gland lobules close to the cyst wall, which were typical of steatocystoma multiplex. CONCLUSION: We describe an unusual case of steatocystoma multiplex localized on the neck.
Female ; Humans ; Neck* ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin Neoplasms ; Steatocystoma Multiplex* ; Young Adult

PURPOSE: The nasal bone is the most frequently fractured facial bone. Discordance between the CT reading by the radiologist and the diagnosis by the plastic surgeon is not uncommon. This study examined the discordance and proposes a method for reducing the rate of discordance. METHODS: The CT readings by the radiologist were compared with the diagnosis by the plastic surgeon in 716 patients with a clinically suspected nasal bone fracture. The CT reading was classified as the following: a nasal bone fracture, suspicious nasal bone fracture, old nasal bone fracture, no nasal bone fracture. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive value of the CT reading were calculated. RESULTS: A nasal bone fracture was diagnosed in 646 patients by the plastic surgeon and confirmed intraoperatively. The reading of a "nasal bone fracture", "suspicious nasal bone fracture", "old nasal bone fracture" and "no nasal bone fracture" was 85.8%, 4.6%, 0.6% and 9.1% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the CT reading were 95.0% and 92.9%, respectively. The positive predictive value of the CT reading was 99.3%. The reading of "nasal bone fracture" that was not a nasal bone fracture clinically was 17.1%(12 of 70), and the reading of "no nasal bone fracture" or "old nasal bone fracture" that was found to be a nasal bone fracture clinically was 3.3%(21 of 646). The discordance rate between the CT reading by the radiologist and the diagnosis by the plastic surgeon was 4.6%. CONCLUSION: To reduce the discordance rate, we propose to hold a meeting with the plastic surgery-radiology staff to communicate the information regarding a suspicious or old nasal bone fracture.
Facial Bones ; Humans ; Nasal Bone ; Reading ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed