Primary osteosarcoma of the skull is a rare finding. We report here on a pathologically proven case of osteosarcoma that presented as a painless mass in the frontal bone of a 7-year-old boy. This unusual form of osteosarcoma had features of desmoplastic fibroma in a large portion of the tumor. We also include a review of the medical literature related to osteosarcoma.
Child ; Fibroma, Desmoplastic* ; Frontal Bone ; Humans ; Male ; Osteosarcoma* ; Skull*

Giant cell tumor of bone is a locally aggressive benign neoplasm, which is composed of oval or plump, spindle-shaped mononuclear cells and uniformly distributed multinucleated giant cells. Bone or cartilage matrix production by the tumor cells is usually not seen. We present a pathologically proven case of giant cell tumor, arising in the acetabulum and pubic bone, with unusual cartilage matrix production. We also discuss the differential diagnosis from a chondroblastoma as well as a giant cell-rich osteosarcoma.
Acetabulum ; Cartilage* ; Chondroblastoma ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Giant Cell Tumor of Bone ; Giant Cell Tumors* ; Giant Cells* ; Osteosarcoma ; Pubic Bone

PURPOSE: Accurate testing for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is essential for breast cancer treatment. At present, immunohistochemistry (IHC)/florescence in situ hybridization (FISH) are widely accepted as the standard testing methods. To investigate the value of NanoString nCounter®, we performed its comparative analysis with IHC/FISH and real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) for the assessment of ER, PR, and HER2. METHODS: Data on IHC/FISH results for ER, PR, and HER2 in 240 patients from a single tertiary hospital in Korea were collected and compared with NanoString nCounter® and qRT-PCR results at a single institution. RESULTS: Expression levels for each gene using NanoString nCounter® showed good correlation with the corresponding data for protein expression by IHC (p<0.001) and gene amplification status for HER2 (p<0.001). Comparisons between gene expression and IHC data showed good overall agreement with a high area under the curve (AUC) for ESR1/ER (AUC=0.939), PgR/PR (AUC=0.796), and HER2/HER2 (AUC=0.989) (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: The quantification of ER, PgR, and HER2 mRNA expression with NanoString nCounter® may be a viable alternative to conventional IHC/FISH methods.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Estrogens ; Gene Amplification ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Korea ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor ; Receptors, Progesterone ; Reverse Transcription ; RNA, Messenger ; Tertiary Care Centers