BACKGROUND: The forehead, which occupies about one third of the face, is one of the major determinants of a feminine or masculine look. Various methods have been used for the augmentation of the forehead using autologous fat grafts or alloplastic materials. Methylmethacrylate (MMA) is the most appropriate material for augmentation of the forehead, and we have used an injection-molding technique with MMA to achieve satisfactory results. METHODS: Under local anesthesia with intravenous (IV) sedation, an incision was made on the scalp and a meticulous and delicate subperiosteal dissection was then performed. MMA monomers and polymers were mixed, the dough was injected into the space created, and manual molding was performed along with direct inspection. This surgery was indicated for patients who wanted to correct an unattractive appearance by forehead augmentation. Every patient in this study visited our clinics 3 months after surgery to evaluate the results. We judged the postoperative results in terms of re-operation rates caused by the dissatisfaction of the patients and complications. RESULTS: During a 13-year period, 516 patients underwent forehead augmentation with MMA. With the injection-molding technique, the inner surface of the MMA implant is positioned close to the underlying frontal bone, which minimizes the gap between the implant and bone. The borders of the implant should be tapered sufficiently until no longer palpable or visible. Only 28 patients (5.4%) underwent a re-operation due to an undesirable postoperative appearance. CONCLUSIONS: The injection-molding technique using MMA is a simple, safe, and ideal method for the augmentation of the forehead.
Anesthesia, Local ; Forehead ; Frontal Bone ; Fungi ; Humans ; Inlays ; Methylmethacrylate ; Polymers ; Scalp ; Surgery, Plastic ; Transplants

Usually the open rhinoplasty is used to correct the plunging nasal tip, but it can increase patient's psychological trauma and lengthen the operation time. In this study, the authors present a simple and effective surgical procedure to correct the plunging nasal tip with minimal morbidity. Between April 2005 and February 2006, we performed our nasal tip plasty in 6 patients who were concerned about the long nose with plunging nasal tip. We used the suture method after cephalic resection of the alar cartilage and caudal resection of the septal cartilage through endonasal approach. After that, we evaluated the nasal profile and compared the result with preoperative photographs. We followed these patients for 1 to 4 months. We could achieved good nasal tip projection, improvement of the columellolabial angle and shortening of long nose. The result were relatively satisfactory and there were no complications such as visible scar, alar deformity or asymmetry. Our tip plasty through endonasal approach could reform the plunging nasal tip properly and easily without external scar. We believe that this procedure could be applicable for correcting the plunging nasal tip and an alternative technique which helps to form the harmonious nasal profile with augmentation rhinoplasty.
Cartilage ; Cicatrix ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Humans ; Nose ; Rhinoplasty ; Sutures

PURPOSE: The epicanthal fold is a unique finding in the medial canthal area of many Asians. Various methods have been developed to eliminate this fold. However, excessive and prominent scarring in the medial canthal and nasal area and recurrence restricted application of epicanthoplasty. The authors performed a epicanthoplasty using Y-V advancement flap method in order to obliterate the epicanthal fold without making incisions in the nasal area and as a result, to avoid postoperative scarring. METHODS: Sixty one patients underwent epicanthal fold correction using Y-V advancement flap method from July 1999 to February 2005. There were 4 males and 57 females with ages ranging from 9 to 60 years. The epicanthoplasty was performed combined with double eyelid operation, ptosis correction, augmentation rhinoplasty, nasal alar reduction, and nasal tip-plasty. RESULTS: There were few complications in our studies, and most of the patients were satisfied with the results. CONCLUSION: Remarkable advantages of our Y-V advancement flap epicanthoplasty are as follows: 1) minimal postoperative scarring in the medial canthal area, 2) application of modified double eyelid operation, 3) wider opening of the medial palpebral fissure, 4) the correction of entropion or epiblepharon, 5) no recurrence.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Blepharophimosis ; Blepharoplasty ; Cicatrix ; Entropion ; Eyelids ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Recurrence ; Rhinoplasty ; Succinates