Objectives: To investigate the surgical and audiological outcome of Bonebridge (BB) at tertiary centres in Malaysia. Study Design: Prospective, intra-subject repeated measurements of which each subject is his/her own control, from year 2012 to 2016 at two tertiary referral centres.

Background: Lymphangiomas are congenital malformations of the lymphatic system with characteristic dilated endothelium-lined spaces. It is vulnerability to infection or chemical irritants cause spontaneous reduction in size and in some cases complete resolution. Intralesional injection of OK-432 or Picibanil (lyophilized incubation mixture of Group A Streptococcus pyogenes of human origin) is slowly gaining recognition as its safety and efficacy standards have shown to avoid complications resulting from surgical interventions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcomes of cystic hygroma patients who received OK-432 injections. Methods: In between 2011 and 2013, six patients with cystic hygroma received intralesional injection of OK-432. All the patients were assessed clinically and radiologically either via ultrasound, computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonant imaging (MRI) prior to and after receiving the injections. Patients’ response towards treatment was classified as total shrinkage, marked shrinkage (greater than 50% reduction in size), slight shrinkage (less than 50% reduction in size) or non-responsive to treatment. Results: Mean duration of follow-up was 12 months. Total shrinkage was achieved in one patient, marked shrinkage in three patients and one patient experienced mild shrinkage. Only one out of the six patients showed no response to treatment. None of the patients in this study experienced serious complications or adverse effects post intralesional injection of OK-432. Conclusions: Intralesional OK-432 injection is an effective and safe alternative in treating cystic hygroma.

We present a case of a papillary tumour at the cerebellopontine angle in a 41-year-old man. He presented with left-sided facial and ear pain associated with dizziness, nystagmus and hearing loss. CT scan of the temporal bone showed a destructive tumour at the left cerebellopontine angle. Surgical excision was performed and the diagnosis of the endolymphatic sac tumour was made. Endolymphatic tumour is a low grade adenocarcinoma that originates from the endolymphatic sac. The defi nitive diagnosis requires a combination of clinical features, radiological fi nding and pathological correlation.

Vagal nerve schwannoma is extremely rare. The majority of cases present with a slow growing neck swelling without neurological deficit. Magnetic resonance imaging is the gold standard investigation to establish a pre-operative diagnosis. We report a case of a 32-year-old man with an extensive right vagal nerve schwannoma involving the right jugular foramen and parapharyngeal space. The tumour was resected via a transcervical approach. Complete excision of the tumour is the key to prevent recurrence.

Background: Angioleiomyoma of the nasal cavity is an extremely rare benign neoplasm. It usually occurs in the lower extremities. Up to date, only few cases of angioleiomyoma have been reported. First case of angioleiomyoma of nasal cavity was reported in 1966. We report a rare case of angioleiomyoma arising from the right maxillary sinus. Case Report: A 43-year-old lady presented with recurrent epistaxis and right nasal obstruction for two months duration. Clinical examination revealed a huge right nasal mass obstructing the right nasal cavity. The tumour was excised completely via endoscopic endonasal surgical approach. Histopathological examination confirmed the tumour is sinonasal angioleiomyoma. Postoperatively, she recovered well without any recurrence after a year of followup. Conclusion: This tumour has an excellent prognosis and recurrence is extremely rare if excised completely.
Angiomyoma

Objective: Ear, nose and throat foreign bodies are common in ENT clinical practice. This study was designed to establish the local data of otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies in term of prevalence among paediatric and adult groups, the clinical features, types of foreign body at different sites, and laterality of foreign bodies. Method: This study was carried out at ENT department, Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia, from 1st January 2005 to 31st December 2009. A total of 1084 cases were included and statistically analyzed. Result: Ear foreign bodies showed the highest incidence which was consisted of 480 (44.3%) cases, followed by nose in 270 (24.9%) cases, pharynx in 251(23.2%) cases, esophagus in 57 (5.3%) cases and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree in 26 (2.4%) cases. Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies occurred more frequently in 0-10 year old age group which constituted 651 (60.1%) cases. The descending order of frequency for foreign body sites in adult was pharynx (17.2%), ear (12.8%), esophagus (3.1%), nose (1.7%) and laryngo-tracheobronchial tree (1.1%). The type of foreign bodies varies with age group and site of foreign body lodgement. In general, common foreign bodies in both adult and children were food related, with the additional of small objects such as plastic toy in paediatric group. Conclusion: Otorhinolaryngeal foreign bodies were found more frequently in children. The types of foreign body were different from age group and sites of foreign body lodgement. The local food constituted the highest incidence of ear, nose, and throat foreign bodies with additional of plastic toys in paediatric group.

Objective: To report an unusual location of infrasellar craniopharyngioma in a peadiatric patient. Case Report: A six-year-old boy presented with persistent bilateral nasal obstruction for one year. Clinical examination revealed a posterior choanal mass arising from septum and the finding was confirmed by paranasal sinuses computed tomography scan. He then underwent wide local excision. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of craniopharyngioma (adamantinomatous type). There were no signs and symptoms of recurrence after a year of followup. Conclusion: Infracranial craniopharyngioma without sellar involvement is extremely rare. Persistent nasal obstruction without endocrine dysfunction is the common presentation. Radiological imaging is important to diagnose and assess the extent. The mainstay of treatment for infrasellar craniopharyngioma is surgery. Regular follow up is mandatory.

Objectives: To identify the common bacteria of otorhinolaryngological (ORL) infection in three general hospitals in the state of Sarawak, East Malaysia and to determine the antibiotic sensitivity of the common bacteria to update local antibiotic policy. Methods: All specimens with positive monoclonal culture, received from inpatient and outpatient Otorhinolaryngology Department in the year 2009 and 2010 were included in the study. Patients’ demographics, nature of specimens, bacterial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity were analysed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Results: A total 244 positive monoclonal cultures were identified. Staphylococcus species and Gram negative bacilli were the commonest bacteria of ORL infections. Common ORL bacteria remain sensitive to our front line antibiotics. There are a number of multi-drug resistant isolates of MRSA, ESBL Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumanii in the hospital-acquired infections. Conclusion: Although resistance to antimicrobial agents is growing worldwide, first line antibiotics still show significant therapeutic advantage in our local setting. The low resistance of bacterial isolates in our community reflects judicious use of antibiotics in our routine clinical practices.

Case Report: Five cases of Kimura’s disease had been treated in our centre from year 2003 to 2010. All cases were presented with head and neck mass with cervical lymphadenopathy. Surgical excision was performed for all cases. Definite diagnosis was made by histopathological examination of the resected specimens. One out of five cases developed tumour recurrence four years after resection. Conclusion: Surgical excision is our choice of treatment because the outcome is immediate and definite tissue diagnosis is feasible after resection. Oral corticosteroid could be considered as an option in advanced disease. However, tumour recurrence is common after cessation of steroid therapy.

Auditory brainstem implantation (ABI) is the only solution to restore hearing when cochlear nerves are disrupted together with the pathologies where bilateral cochleae do not provide a suitable location for cochlear implantation. We reported first two successful auditory brainstem implantation cases in patients with neurofibromatosis Type II (NF2) with bilateral acoustic neuroma causing bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss in Malaysia. A good candidate selection, dedicated surgeons and rehabilitation team as well as strong family support are the crucial factors in achieving the best possible surgical, audiological and speech outcomes.