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Since the first human case of influenza A virus subtype H7N9 was reported in Shanghai, China in March 2013, there have been two H7N9-infected children and one healthy H7N9 carrier. With a brief introduction to the basic information of the three children, this paper discusses the variation of Avian influenza virus by referring to the literature, suggests that human-to-human transmission is not confirmed in the small outbreak, and reviews the measures for preventing and treating H7N9 infection in humans. In addition, this paper talks about the use of tamiflu in early stage of infection and the use of peramivir when the patient's condition is severe.
Animals ; Birds ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; genetics ; Influenza in Birds ; virology ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; transmission

3.Strengthening study on influenza and face to the new challenge of influenza.

Yuan-ji GUO

Chinese Journal of Experimental and Clinical Virology 2004;18(3):205-206

4.Seasonal, avian and pandemic influenza: are we prepared?.

Z J FENG

Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2018;39(8):1017-1020

China experienced a very high and severe influenza seasonal epidemics during the past winter and spring of 2017-2018 season. This year of 2018 is the 100(th) anniversary of the 1918 "Spanish influenza" pandemic, a series of papers under the topic "One Hundred Years of Influenza Pandemics" are produced to demonstrate the impact, characteristics and responses of the past influenza pandemics in global and China, to review the progress and experiences of influenza surveillance, prevention and control strategies, vaccination and antivirus in China, and to discuss the gap and challenges of the prevention, control and response to the seasonal influenza, human avian influenza infection and influenza pandemics. We hope this series could help to raise the awareness of the seasonal and pandemic influenza in publics, and to improve the pandemic preparedness in China.
Animals ; Awareness ; Birds ; China/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Influenza Vaccines ; Influenza in Birds/prevention & control* ; Influenza, Human/prevention & control* ; Pandemics/prevention & control* ; Seasons ; Vaccination

5.Pay enough attention to human infection with avian influenza virus.

Yong-hong YANG

Chinese Journal of Pediatrics 2004;42(4):246-247

6.Research progress of H5N1 influenza viruses and the threat to human.

Min LÜ ; Xiong HE ; Quan-Yi WANG ; Luo-Dan SUO

Journal of Central South University(Medical Sciences) 2007;32(1):15-19

Human, birds and other mammals can be infected by avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. Bird infections spread among continents in the last 2 years. Human infections become endemic in certain areas, characterized with young patients and high mortality. An unprecedented epizootic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus that is highly pathogenic has crossed the species barrier in Asia to cause many human fatalities and poses an increasing pandemic threat. This summary describes the features of human infection with influenza A (H5N1) in epidemiology and etiology and reviews recommendations for prevention.
Animals ; Birds ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Indonesia ; epidemiology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission

7.Prevention and control of influenza and human avian influenza in China.

Dong-lou XIAO

Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2005;26(11):837-838

8.Review of human infections with avian influenza H5N1 and proposed local clinical management guideline.

David C B LYE ; Brenda S P ANG ; Yee-Sin LEO

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2007;36(4):285-292

9.Vaccines for pandemic influenza. The history of our current vaccines, their limitations and the requirements to deal with a pandemic threat.

Alan W HAMPSON

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2008;37(6):510-517

Fears of a potential pandemic due to A(H5N1) viruses have focussed new attention on our current vaccines, their shortcomings, and concerns regarding global vaccine supply in a pandemic. The bulk of current vaccines are inactivated split virus vaccines produced from egg-grown virus and have only modest improvements compared with those first introduced over 60 years ago. Splitting, which was introduced some years ago to reduce reactogenicity, also reduces the immunogenicity of vaccines in immunologically naïve recipients. The A(H5N1) viruses have been found poorly immunogenic and present other challenges for vaccine producers which further exacerbate an already limited global production capacity. There have been some recent improvements in vaccine production methods and improvements to immunogenicity by the development of new adjuvants, however, these still fall short of providing timely supplies of vaccine for all in the face of a pandemic. New approaches to influenza vaccines which might fulfil the demands of a pandemic situation are under evaluation, however, these remain some distance from clinical reality and face significant regulatory hurdles.
Animals ; Birds ; Disease Outbreaks ; prevention & control ; statistics & numerical data ; Global Health ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; isolation & purification ; Influenza Vaccines ; history ; Influenza in Birds ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; World Health Organization

10.To kill a mocking bird flu?

Vincent T K CHOW ; Paul A TAMBYAH ; Kee Tai GOH

Annals of the Academy of Medicine, Singapore 2008;37(6):451-453

1.Present status of studies on avian influenza and human infection with avian influenza virus.

2.A limited understanding of hazard of influenza A virus subtype H7N9 in children.