Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an idiopathic intestinal inflammatory condition with chronic and relapsing manifestations and is characterized by a disturbance in the interplay between the intestinal microbiota, the gut, and the brain. The microbiota-gut-brain axis involves interactions among the nervous system, the neuroendocrine system, the gut microbiota, and the host immune system. Increasing published data indicate that psychological stress exacerbates the severity of IBD due to its negative effects on the microbiota-gut-brain axis, including alterations in the stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, the balance between the sympathetic nervous system and vagus nerves, the homeostasis of the intestinal flora and metabolites, and normal intestinal immunity and permeability. Although the current evidence is insufficient, psychotropic agents, psychotherapies, and interventions targeting the microbiota-gut-brain axis show the potential to improve symptoms and quality of life in IBD patients. Therefore, further studies that translate recent findings into therapeutic approaches that improve both physical and psychological well-being are needed.
Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/metabolism* ; Stress, Psychological/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/physiology* ; Brain/metabolism* ; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; Animals

In recent years, significant progress has been made in the clinical and basic research on fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). With the continuous application of new microbiota-based diagnostic and therapeutic concepts in clinical practice, it is imperative to standardize the diagnostic and therapeutic processes of FMT for IBD and provide consensus recommendations based on the latest evidence from evidence-based medicine for clinical practitioners. Organized by the Chinese Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition of the Chinese Medical Association, the Gut Microbiota and FMT Committee of the Chinese Society for Human Health Sciences, and the Gut Microbiota Committee of the Shanghai Preventive Medicine Association, and with reference to the latest international consensus and relevant research advancements, this consensus integrates the clinical practice experience of domestic experts to establish the "Consensus of Chinese experts on gut microbiota and fecal microbiota transplantation in inflammatory bowel disease (2025 edition)". This consensus provides 29 recommendations focusing on the selection of FMT indications, gut microbiota analysis, donor selection and quality control for IBD transplantation, considerations during the transplantation period, selection of transplantation routes and dosages, management of FMT-related complications, and future research directions, aiming to offer standardized guidance for the clinical application of FMT in the treatment of IBD.
Humans ; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Consensus ; China

OBJECTIVES: The risk factors and role of mother‒child gut microbiota in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) remain unclear. We aimed to explore the clinical risk factors associated with PIBD, analyze the characteristics of gut microbiota of children and their mothers, and examine the correlation of the microbial composition in mother‒child pairs. METHODS: We conducted a case-control study including children with PIBD and their mothers as the case group, as well as healthy children and their mothers as the control group. Questionnaires were used to collect information such as family illness history and maternal and early-life events. Fecal samples were collected from the children and mothers for microbiota 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequencing to analyze the composition and its potential association with PIBD. RESULTS: A total of 54 pairs of cases and 122 pairs of controls were recruited. A family history of autoimmune disease and antibiotic use during pregnancy were associated with an increased risk of PIBD, and a higher education level of the father was associated with a decreased risk of PIBD. Children with PIBD and mothers exhibited different gut microbiota compared to healthy children and mothers. Similarities were observed in the gut microbiota of mothers and children in the same groups. Some bacterial biomarkers of mothers discovered in this study had the power to predict PIBD in their offspring. CONCLUSIONS PIBD is influenced by maternal risk factors and has unique gut microbiota characteristics. The mother‒child gut microbiota is closely related, suggesting the transmission and influence of the gut microbiota between mothers and children. This study highlights the potential pathogenesis of PIBD and provides a basis for developing targeted interventions.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Female ; Risk Factors ; Case-Control Studies ; Male ; Child ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/etiology* ; Adult ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Mothers ; Pregnancy ; Child, Preschool

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a non-specific inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that is generally accepted to be closely related to intestinal dysbiosis in the host. GI infections contribute a key role in the pathogenesis of IBD; however, although the results of recent clinical studies have revealed an inverse correlation between Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection and IBD, the exact mechanism underlying the development of IBD remains unclear. H. pylori, as a star microorganism, has been a focus for decades, and recent preclinical and real-world studies have demonstrated that H. pylori not only affects the changes in the gastric microbiota and microenvironment but also influences the intestinal microbiota, indicating a potential correlation with IBD. Detailed analysis revealed that H. pylori infection increased the diversity of the intestinal microbiota, reduced the abundance of Bacteroidetes, augmented the abundance of Firmicutes, and produced short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria such as Akkermansia. All these factors may decrease vulnerability to IBD. Further studies investigating the H. pylori-intestinal microbiota metabolite axis should be performed to understand the mechanism underlying the development of IBD.
Chronic Disease ; Dysbiosis/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Helicobacter Infections ; Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology* ; Microbiota

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum total 25-hydroxyvitamin D[T-25(OH)D]level and fecal microbiota in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD). Methods Twenty-three patients with IBD completed the tests for serum T-25(OH)D,and the fecal microbiota was studied using V4 hypervariable region of 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequencing.According to serum T-25(OH)D level,the patients were divided into three groups including vitamin D normal group(
Bacteria/classification* ; Feces/microbiology* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology* ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics* ; Vitamin D/blood*

No abstract available.
Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Colon/*microbiology/pathology ; Fusobacterium/genetics/*isolation & purification ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/microbiology/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Republic of Korea ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Several clinical trials have revealed various advantages for probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of this study was to further investigate the effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on gut microbiota in patients with this disease. METHODS: A total of 305 participants were divided into three groups; group A (IBD patients receiving probiotic yogurt; n=105), group B (IBD patients receiving placebo; n=105), and control group (healthy individuals receiving probiotic yogurt; n=95). Stool samples were collected both before and after 8 weeks of intervention; and population of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Bacteroides in the stool specimens was measured by Taqman real-time PCR method. ': By the end of the intervention, no significant variations in the mean weight and body mass index were observed between three groups (p>0.05). However, the mean numbers of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Bacteroides in group A were significantly increased compared to group B (p<0.001, p<0.001, and p<0.01, respectively). There were also significant differences in the mean numbers of either of three bacteria between group A and the healthy control group; however, these differences between two groups were observed both at baseline and the end of the intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of probiotic yogurt by patients with IBD may help to improve intestinal function by increasing the number of probiotic bacteria in the intestine and colon. However, many more studies are required in order to prove the concept.
Adult ; Bacteroides/genetics ; Bifidobacterium/genetics ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis ; Double-Blind Method ; Feces/microbiology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/*drug therapy ; Intestines/microbiology ; Lactobacillus/genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Placebo Effect ; Probiotics/*therapeutic use ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction

The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease are rapidly increasing in Western countries and in developed Asian countries. Although biologic agents targeting the immune system have been effective in patients with IBD, cessation of treatment leads to relapse in the majority of patients, suggesting that intrinsic immune dysregulation is an effect, not a cause, of IBD. Dramatic changes in the environment, resulting in the dysregulated composition of intestinal microbiota or dysbiosis, may be associated with the fundamental causes of IBD. Japan now has upgraded water supply and sewerage systems, as well as dietary habits and antibiotic overuse that are similar to such features found in developed Western countries. The purpose of this review article was to describe the association of diet, particularly Japanese food and microbiota, with IBD.
Animals ; *Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Diet/*ethnology ; Evidence-Based Medicine ; Food Habits/ethnology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/diagnosis/diet therapy/*ethnology/immunology/*microbiology ; Intestines/immunology/*microbiology ; Japan/epidemiology ; *Microbiota ; Prevalence ; Probiotics/therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Risk Factors

Animal gastrointestinal tract contains a complex community of microbes, whose composition ultimately reflects the co-evolution of microorganisms with their animal host. The gut microbial community of humans and animals has received significant attention from researchers because of its association with health and disease. The application of metagenomics technology enables researchers to study not only the microbial composition but also the function of microbes in the gastrointestinal tract. In this paper, combined with our own findings, we summarized advances in studying gastrointestinal tract microorganism with metagenomics and the bioinformatics technology.
Animals ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; microbiology ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; etiology ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; etiology ; Metagenome ; physiology ; Metagenomics ; methods ; Obesity ; etiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes in fecal flora and its correlation with the occurrence and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

METHODSWe collected fresh fecal specimens from 167 IBD patients (including 113 with ulcerative colitis and 54 with Crohn's disease) and 54 healthy volunteers. The fecal flora was analyzed by gradient dilution method and the data of inflammatory markers including WBC, PLT, CRP and ESR were collected to assess the association between the fecal flora and the inflammatory markers.

RESULTSThe species Enterrococcus (6.60∓0.23, P<0.01), Saccharomyces (2.22∓0.27, P<0.05), Bacteriodes (5.57∓0.28, P<0.001), Bifidobacterium (5.08∓0.30, P<0.01), Peptococcus (6.22∓0.25, P<0.001), Lactobacillus (6.00∓0.26, P<0.001), and Clostridium (3.57∓0.30, P<0.05) all increased significantly, while Eubacterium (1.56∓0.24, P<0.01) reduced markedly in patients with ulcerative colitis compared with those in the control subjects. Enterrococcus (6.93∓0.28, P<0.01), Saccharomyces (2.73∓0.37, P<0.01), Bacteriodes (4.32∓0.52, P<0.05), Bifidobacterium (4.88∓0.42, P<0.05), Peptococcus (6.19∓0.32, P<0.01) and Lactobacillus (4.73∓0.47, P<0.001) all increased significantly and Eubacterium (1.01∓0.29, P<0.01) and Clostridium (0.87∓0.31, P<0.01) decreased in patients with Crohn's disease. The positivity rates of bacterial culture were consistent with the results of quantitative analysis of the fecal flora. The changes in fecal flora did not show a significant correlation with these inflammatory markers.

CONCLUSIONIBD patients have fecal flora imbalance compared with the healthy controls, and this imbalance may contribute to the occurrence and progression of IBD. The decline of Eubacterium contributes to the occurrence and development of IBD.

Adult ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Bacteroides ; isolation & purification ; Bifidobacterium ; isolation & purification ; Biomarkers ; analysis ; Clostridium ; isolation & purification ; Colitis, Ulcerative ; microbiology ; Crohn Disease ; microbiology ; Enterococcus ; isolation & purification ; Eubacterium ; isolation & purification ; Feces ; microbiology ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases ; etiology ; microbiology ; Lactobacillus ; isolation & purification ; Male ; Peptococcus ; isolation & purification ; Saccharomyces ; isolation & purification