Atherosclerosis ; etiology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation

Humans ; Inflammation ; etiology ; Sepsis ; complications ; Signal Transduction

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Coronary Artery Disease ; etiology ; Coronary Disease ; etiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; complications ; Microvascular Angina ; etiology ; Myocardial Ischemia ; etiology

Burns ; complications ; metabolism ; Humans ; Inflammation ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control

The link between nonresolving inflammation and cancer is well documented. On the one hand, epidemiologic evidence supports that approximately 25% of all human cancer worldwide is caused by nonresolving inflammation. On the other hand, inflammatory cells are found in the microenvironment of most, if not all, tumors. In the tumor micro-environment, inflammatory cells and molecules influence almost every aspect of cancer. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) participate in the initiation and progression of nonresolving inflammation-related cancer by regulating the key genes and related signaling pathways. Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms by which miRNAs carry out their functions will be of great value in the prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of tumors.
Chronic Disease ; Humans ; Inflammation ; complications ; genetics ; immunology ; Inflammation Mediators ; immunology ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; Neoplasms ; etiology ; genetics ; Tumor Microenvironment

Anxiety ; etiology ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; Comorbidity ; Depression ; etiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; complications ; Metabolic Syndrome ; etiology ; Musculoskeletal Diseases ; etiology ; Osteoporosis ; etiology ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; complications ; Pulmonary Embolism ; etiology ; Smoking ; adverse effects

In trauma, infection and hemorrhagic shock derived stress, primary and secondary injury may result in severe derangement in the internal environment. The abnormal changes of immune-mediated inflammation interfere its pathogenesis and development directly. In recent years, various aspects of neuroendocrine responses, especially the regulatory effects of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal and sympathetico-adrenomedullary axes in inflammatory diseases have been the focus of research. Most importantly, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) acts as a key player in the regulation of interactions between neuroendocrine and immunity both directly and indirectly. The paper summarized the recent development of CRH in the immune-mediated inflammation.
Animals ; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone ; analysis ; chemistry ; genetics ; physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; etiology ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo study single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) and its role in inducing inflammatory cytokines in the cruor-fibrinolysis system of rat.

METHODSTwenty one Wistar rats were divided into four groups: 1) control; 2) low-dose SWCNT (0.15 mg/kg BW); 3) medium-dose SWCNT (0.75 mg/kg BW); 4) high-dose SWCNT (1.5 mg/kg BW). Intratracheal instillation of SWCNT suspensions was administered to rats once per day for 21 days. In order to assess the exposure effect of SWCNT to the rats, activity of Inflammatory cytokine was measured and markers of cruor-fibrinolysis system were studied via ELSIA. Also, change in clotting time was recorded and histopathology was studied.

RESULTSIL-6 and IL-8 concentrations of rats exposed to SWCNT were significantly higher than those in controls (P<0.05). The activity of inflammatory cytokines and histopathological change indicated that oxidative damage occurred. Change in clotting time in rats exposed to SWCNT decreased compared with controls. Meanwhile, t-PA (tissue-tupe plassminogen activator) and AT-III (antithrombin-III) levels in rats exposed to particulates increased or decreased significantly compared with controls (P<0.05). A similar trend was observed for D-dimer (D2D) levels, indicating that SWCNT can impact the cruor-fibrinolysis system of rat.

CONCLUSIONThe results from our study suggest that an increased procoagulant activity and reduced fibrinolytic activity in rats exposed to SWCNT can cause pulmonary oxidative stress and inflammation, due to the release of pro-thrombotic and inflammatory cytokines into the blood circulation of rat.

Animals ; Blood Coagulation ; Body Weight ; Cytokines ; metabolism ; Fibrinolysis ; Inflammation ; etiology ; metabolism ; Nanotubes, Carbon ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Asthma, Occupational ; etiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; Neutrophils ; pathology

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the inflammation grading of ¹³¹I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis based upon sialoendoscopic and sialographic appearances, and to evaluate the results of sialoendoscopic intervention. METHODS: The patients diagnosed with ¹³¹I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis and underwent sialoendoscopic exploration and intervention procedures in Peking University Hospital of Stomatology from Nov. 2012 to Oct. 2018 were included in this study. The appearances of sialogaphy and sialoendoscopy were analyzed and classified. The treatment options included irrigation with saline and dexamethasone and mechanical dilatation by sialoendoscope. The patients were followed up after treatment. RESULTS: Forty-two patients with ¹³¹I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis were included. There were 5 males and 37 females, with a male-to-female ratio of 1 ∶7.4. Symptoms included recurrent swelling and pain in the parotid glands, and dry mouth. Sialography showed stenosis in the main duct,and in some cases nonvisua-lization of the branches. Sialoendoscopy showed narrowing of the main duct, and the branch duct atresia was seen. The appearances of sialogaphy and sialoendoscopy were analyzed and classified into 3 groups: (1) Mild inflammation: stenosis and ectasia occurred in the main duct, whereas the 0.9 mm sialoendoscope could pass through easily. (2) Moderate inflammation: one point of severe stricture could be seen in the main duct where 0.9 mm sialoendoscope could not be passed through. (3) Severe inflammation: two points or more of severe strictures or diffused strictures occurred in the main duct. Thirty-three patients with 65 affected glands were examined by both sialography and sialoendoscopy. Eight glands were classified as mild inflammation, 23 glands moderate inflammation, and 34 glands severe inflammation. The duration of follow-up ranged from 3-72 months. The clinical results were evaluated as good in 22 glands, fair in 22 glands, and poor in 19 glands, with an overall effective rate of 69.8% (44/63). CONCLUSION The clinical, sialographic and sialoendoscopic appearances of ¹³¹I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis showed their characteristics. We proposed an inflammation grading standard for the ¹³¹I radioiodine-induced sialadenitis based on the appearances of sialography and sialoendoscopy. Sialoendoscopy can significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms, which is an effective therapy, and better for early lesions.
Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Inflammation ; Iodine Radioisotopes ; Male ; Radiation Injuries ; Salivary Ducts ; Sialadenitis/etiology* ; Sialography