OBJECTIVEHigh risk human papilomavirus (HPV) infection is often related to cervical cancer. This study investigated the infection of high risk HPV in cervical epithelia among infertile patients. Relative quantification and absolute quantification were applied for determination of "real" HPV viral load in the clinical setting.

METHODSAdopting multi-channels real time PCR to genotype and quantify eight high risk HPV (HPV16, 18, 45, 31; intermediate risk types: HPV33, 52, 58, 67) DNA in cervical epithelia of the 130 infertile patients and the 150 controls. This study applied housekeeping gene (beta-globin) for the DNA quantification on secretions samples for clinical diagnosis.

RESULTSThe infection rate of the infertility group was 25.38 percent (33/130) and that of the control group was 11.33 percent (17/150), the difference was statistically significant. Among the 33 positive cases in the infertility group, 24 cases showed a viral load no less than 106; in 9 of them, the viral load was less than 106. Among the 17 positive cases in the control group, 4 cases had a viral load no less than 106; in 13 of them, the viral load was less than 106. There is a statistically significant difference in viral load between the infertility group and the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe HPV infection rate of the infertility group was higher than that of the control group.

Adult ; Alphapapillomavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; virology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; virology ; Vaginal Smears ; Viral Load ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEDiscussion of the relationship between cervical cytology and high-risk HPV test and lesions in the cervical tissue.

METHODThe 254 infertile patients were graded into 4 groups based on the results of cervical cytology and high-risk HPV test. The patients in group A were the cervical cytology -positive and HPV-positive. The cervical cytology -positive and HPV-negative patients were in group B. The cervical cytology -negative and HPV-positive patients were in group C and cervical cytology -negative and HPV-negative in group D. Retrospective analysis was used in the relationship between the results and lesions in the cervical tissue.

RESULTSThe incidence of CIN II and higher grade than CIN II was significant higher in group A than in group B (P < 0.01). The incidence of CIN I was no difference among A, B and C group (P > 0.05). The sensitivity was 100.0% and the specificity was 46.74% when cervical cytology was used to test the CIN II grade. But the sensitivity changed to 97.22% and the specificity 87.16% when both of the cervical cytology and HPV test were used.

CONCLUSIONThe cervical cytology is the first choice in cervical examination. And the accuracy will significant higher when the HPV test is used simultaneously.

Adult ; Alphapapillomavirus ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Cervix Uteri ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Vaginal Smears ; Young Adult

The tissue distribution and cellular localization of viral antigens in three cattle with persistent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection was studied. In three cases, necropsy findings of oral ulcers, abmasal ulcers and necrosis of Peyer's patches were suspected have been caused by BVDV infection. Non-cytopathic BVDV was isolated from a tissue pool of liver, kidneys and spleen. Immunohistochemical detection of BVDV showed that BVDV antigens were detected in both epithelial and nonepithelial cells in all examined organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, liver, pancreas, lung, lymphatic organs (spleen, lymph nodes), adrenal gland, ovary, uterus, and the mammary gland. These findings support the hypothesis that animals with persistent BVDV infection spread BVDV through all routes, and that infertility in BVDV infection is associated with the infection of BVDV in the ovaries and uteri.
Adrenal Glands/pathology/virology ; Animals ; Antigens, Viral/*isolation & purification ; Bovine Virus Diarrhea-Mucosal Disease/pathology/physiopathology/*virology ; Cattle ; Diarrhea Viruses, Bovine Viral/immunology/*isolation & purification ; Digestive System/pathology/virology ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry/veterinary ; Infertility, Female/virology ; Kidney/pathology/virology ; Lung/pathology/virology ; Lymphatic System/pathology/virology ; Mammary Glands, Animal/virology ; Ovary/pathology/virology ; Uterus/pathology/virology

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is one of the worldwide sexually transmitted diseases (STD), and the DNA of HPV can exist in the normal epithelium of reproductive organs of both men and women. Because the majority of HPV infections are asymptomatic, healthy HPV-carriers become the main source of the infection. Studies show that HPV infection in men is correlated with STD, infertility, tumor of reproductive organs, and infection in the sexual partners. Therefore, measures should be taken to reduce male HPV infection, including circumcision, fewer sexual partners, and condom use.
Adult ; Asymptomatic Infections ; Carrier State ; virology ; Circumcision, Male ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; virology ; Male ; Papillomaviridae ; Papillomavirus Infections ; complications ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Reproductive Health ; Risk Factors ; Sexual Partners ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; virology

To explore the roles of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and heat shock protein 60 (HSP-60) in women with tubal factor infertility (TFI) associated with Chlamydia trachomatis, and to determine the mechanisms of fallopian adhesions in Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infections, the expressions of TNF-alpha and HSP-60 were quantitatively determined in 60 cases of TFI and 30 controls by immunohistochemical technique. The patients with TFI were further divided into group A and group B according to the CT-DNA of cervical specimens of PCR. The quantitative analysis was conducted by employing computerized image analysis system. It is found that the expressions of TNF-alpha and HSP-60 were much higher in TFI patients than those of controls. Among CT-HSP responders, a stronger expression was correlated with more severe salpingeal pathology. It is concluded that TNF-alpha and HSP-60 play very important roles in fallopian tube adhesion and occlusion in TFI due to CT infection.
Adult ; Chaperonin 60 ; blood ; Chlamydia Infections ; blood ; Chlamydia trachomatis ; Fallopian Tube Diseases ; complications ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; etiology ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEDiscussion of the relationship between Mycoplasma and chlamydia infection and lesions in the cervical tissue in high-risk HPV-positive infertile patients with cervical.

METHODSHPV-negative patients with cervical as the control, retrospective analysis the relationship of Mycoplasma hominis and chlamydia infection, cervical histological graded, and inflammation graded.

RESULTSThe rate of HPV infection in mycoplasma-positive and those with negative mycoplasma has significant difference (P < 0.01), The rate of HPV infection in chlamydia-positive and those with negative chlamydia has no significant difference (P > 0.05). CIN and the incidence of cervical erosion and CIN grade were higher in HPV-positive than HPV-negative group (P < 0.01). The cervical erosion of HPV-positive was no difference in the degree (P > 0.05). Compared with the simple HPV-positive group, CIN and the incidence of severe cervical erosion in mixed infection of Mycoplasma was no difference (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMycoplasma infection increases the rate of high risk HPV infection, high-risk HPV infection increased cervical pathological damage, Mycoplasma infection might be the factor of persistent infection with high risk HPV, the degree of cervical pathological is the factor of cervical infertility which can not be ignored.

Adult ; Alphapapillomavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Cervix Uteri ; microbiology ; pathology ; virology ; Chlamydia ; isolation & purification ; Chlamydia Infections ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; etiology ; microbiology ; pathology ; virology ; Mycoplasma ; isolation & purification ; Mycoplasma Infections ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; virology ; Papillomavirus Infections ; complications ; microbiology ; pathology ; virology ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEExplore the optimal treatment of infertility patients infected with different types of human papillomavirus (HPV).

METHODSAccording to cervical pathology, cervical status and the procreate desire of the infertility patients, the 144 clinic cases of high-risk human papillomavirus infected infertile patients were divided into two gruoups: group with treatment and without treatment. Real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR (RT-PCR) has been employed, follow-up time is 6 months, to detect the HPV-DNA in the crevical exfoliated cells, to observe the negative conversion rate and pregnancy rate, and compare analyzed.

RESULTS(1) In high-risk HPV infectors, the negative conversion rate of treatment group (56.67%) is higher than those in non-treatment group (50.00%); (2) The pregnancy rate of secondary high-risk HPV non-treatment group (50.00%) is higher than the treatment group. The pregnancy rate of primary high-risk HPV treatment group (31.67%) is higher than the non-treatment group (4.00%). (3) Negative conversion rate increases accordingly, on primary high-risk HPV infected groups with Leep, with single drug and with Leep combined with drug therapy. (4) The negative conversion rate and the pregnancy rate of primary high-risk HPV infected groups with surgical therapy is higher than the groups with drug therapy. Surgical + Drugs is better in the two surgical therapies.

CONCLUSIONInfertile patients should be routinely screened for cervical HPV. The primary high-risk cervical HPV infection is the etiology of infertility. Preferably, patients with primary high-risk HPV infection in cervical lesions is treated with Leep combined drugs.

Adult ; DNA, Viral ; analysis ; drug effects ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility ; virology ; Papillomaviridae ; drug effects ; genetics ; Papillomavirus Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; therapy ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Risk Factors ; Therapeutic Human Experimentation