The vaginal microbiota is a complex and dynamic environment that plays an important role in the healthy reproduction of women. The mechanism of unexplained infertility is not yet clear, and the imbalance and low stability of vaginal microbiota may be related to unexplained infertility. Taking probiotic composite preparations to restore normal vaginal microbiota may be a safe and natural method for treating unexplained infertility. This article reviews the probiotic composite preparations used in the treatment of unexplained infertility both domestically and internationally, including the isolation site of the bacterial species, the use method of the composite preparation, the course of treatment, and the final therapeutic effect, aiming to provide a basis for the clinical application of probiotic composite preparations in the treatment of unexplained infertility.
Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/microbiology* ; Vagina/microbiology* ; Microbiota

The vaginal microbiota is a complex and dynamic environment that plays an important role in the healthy reproduction of women. The mechanism of unexplained infertility is not yet clear, and the imbalance and low stability of vaginal microbiota may be related to unexplained infertility. Taking probiotic composite preparations to restore normal vaginal microbiota may be a safe and natural method for treating unexplained infertility. This article reviews the probiotic composite preparations used in the treatment of unexplained infertility both domestically and internationally, including the isolation site of the bacterial species, the use method of the composite preparation, the course of treatment, and the final therapeutic effect, aiming to provide a basis for the clinical application of probiotic composite preparations in the treatment of unexplained infertility.
Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Female/microbiology* ; Vagina/microbiology* ; Microbiota

OBJECTIVETo investigate the status of the semen of the infertility patients infected by Gardnerella vaginalis (Gv).

METHODSSemen samples from 373 clinic patients of infertility and vaginal samples from 63 positive patients' wives were collected from April 2002 to May 2003. And the samples were tested by nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR).

RESULTSThe positive rate of the infertile males' semen infected by Gv was 44.2%, while that of the postive patients' wives was 87.3%.

CONCLUSIONThe positive rate of the infertile male's semen infected by Gv is high and Gv can be spread by sexual intercourse.

Adult ; Base Sequence ; Female ; Gardnerella vaginalis ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; microbiology ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Semen ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of Ureaplasma urealyticum (Uu) infection in the male reproductive tract on the outcomes of IVF and the clinical significance of preoperative Uu test by analyzing the correlation between the results of Uu culture before IVF-ET and the outcomes of IVF-ET.

METHODSAmong 1,059 couples undergoing IVF-ET, we selected 973 after excluding genetic factors and divided them into a Uu negative and a Uu positive group according to the results of culture of Uu in the semen of the males. We compared the rates of IVF fertilization, oocyte cleavage, clinical pregnancy and abortion between the two groups, and analyzed the influence of Uu infection on IVF outcomes.

RESULTSAmong the 973 selected subjects, 836 were Uu negative (group A) and 137 Uu positive (group B), and of the latter, 130 were restored to Uu negative after treatment (group B1) and the other 7 remained unchanged (group B2). No significant differences were found between groups A and B in the rates of IVF fertilization (81.6% vs 79.8%, P = 0.13), abnormal fertilization (11.8% vs 12.4%, P = 0.58) and oocyte cleavage (92.0% vs 92.1%, P = 0.94), nor between groups A and B2 (81.6% vs 89.8%, P = 0.10; 11.8% vs 13.2%, P = 0.75; 92.0% vs 92.5%, P = 0.10). Totally, 747 of the patients underwent embryo transfer, including 643 in group A and 104 in group B. There were no significant differences between groups A and B in the rates of clinical pregnancy (38.6% vs 34.7%, P = 0.44) and abortion (16.5% vs 22.2%, P = 0.39), nor between groups A and B2 (38.6% vs 33.3%, P = 0.79; 16.5% vs 0, P = 0.53).

CONCLUSIONUu infection in the male reproductive tract does not significantly affect the rates of IVF fertilization, oocyte cleavage, clinical pregnancy and abortion. However, more investigations with larger sample sizes of the cases restored from Uu positive to Uu negative are needed to lend further support to our findings.

Adult ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Genitalia, Male ; microbiology ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; microbiology ; therapy ; Male ; Male Urogenital Diseases ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Middle Aged ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Rate ; Ureaplasma Infections ; epidemiology ; Ureaplasma urealyticum

AIMTo evaluate the association between selected potential socio-demographic and behavioral risk factors and infertility in Nigerian men.

METHODSThere were two groups in this study. One group consisted of 150 men with proven male infertility, and the other consisted of 150 fertile men with normal semen parameters. Both were matched for age, place of residence and key socio-demographic variables. They were compared for sexual history, past medical and surgical history, past exposures to sexually transmitted infections and treatment, past and current use of drugs as well as smoking and alcohol intake history.

RESULTSInfertile men were significantly more likely than fertile men to report having experienced penile discharge, painful micturition and genital ulcers, less likely to seek treatment for these symptoms and more likely to seek treatment with informal sector providers. Multivariate analysis showed that male infertility was significantly associated with bacteria in semen cultures, self-reporting of previous use of traditional medications and moderate to heavy alcohol intake, but not with smoking and occupational types.

CONCLUSIONINFERTILITY is associated with various proxies of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and poor healthcare-seeking behavior for STIs in Nigerian men.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; ethnology ; Case-Control Studies ; Culture ; Female ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; ethnology ; microbiology ; psychology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Nigeria ; epidemiology ; Patient Acceptance of Health Care ; ethnology ; Pregnancy ; Risk Factors ; Risk-Taking ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; complications ; ethnology ; psychology ; Smoking ; ethnology