1.Doctor's attire and patient safety.
The Medical Journal of Malaysia 2009;64(3):185-6
2.Efficacy of SG Shield in reducing droplet contamination during collection of oropharyngeal swab culture specimens.
Phui-Sze Angie AU-YONG ; Xuanxuan CHEN ; Wen Hao LOW ; Keen Chong CHAU ; Stephanie FOOK-CHONG ; Shariq Ali KHAN
Singapore medical journal 2022;63(9):509-513
INTRODUCTION:
Oropharyngeal swabs for diagnosis of COVID-19 often induce violent coughing, which can disperse infectious droplets onto providers. Incorrectly doffing personal protective equipment (PPE) increases the risk of transmission. A cheap, single-use variation of the face shield invented by a Singaporean team, SG Shield, aims to reduce this risk. This manikin study aimed to study the efficacy of the SG Shield in combination with standard PPE.
METHODS:
A person attired in full PPE whose face and chest was lined with grid paper stood in front of an airway manikin in an enclosed room. A small latex balloon containing ultraviolet fluorescent dye was placed in the oral cavity of the manikin and inflated until explosion to simulate a cough. Three study groups were tested: (a) control (no shield), (b) face shield and (c) SG Shield. The primary outcome was droplet dispersion, determined quantitatively by calculating the proportion of grid paper wall squares stained with fluorescent dye. The secondary outcome was the severity of provider contamination.
RESULTS:
The SG Shield significantly reduced droplet dispersion to 0% compared to the controls (99.0%, P = 0.001). The face shield also significantly reduced droplet contamination but to a lesser extent (80.0%) compared to the control group (P = 0.001). Although the qualitative severity of droplet contamination was significantly lower in both groups compared to the controls, the face shield group had more contamination of the provider's head and neck.
CONCLUSION
The manikin study showed that the SG Shield significantly reduces droplet dispersion to the swab provider's face and chest.
Humans
;
Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control*
;
COVID-19
;
Fluorescent Dyes
;
Personal Protective Equipment
;
Cough
4.Transmission Aspect of Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit by Analysing Genotype.
Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing 2007;37(6):976-985
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to identify the present situation of hospital infection and route of infection by clarifying the transmission aspect of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) in a Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit by analysing genotype. METHODS: MRSA was cultured from twenty five patients with a tracheostomy, twenty five health care workers, and environments in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of one hospital in D city. Data was collected from December 21, 2004 to November 5, 2005. MRSA isolates representing each genotype were analyzed by spaA typing and a multiplex PCR method capable of identifying the structural type of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec(SCCmec) carried by the bacteria. RESULTS: As the same genotype and gene sequence were found among health care workers, patients, and environments, it was assumed that there was cross transmission among them. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that first, as the hospital infection by MRSA between health care workers and patients in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit was due to result of cross transmission and the relevance of transmission between them was verified, it is necessary to take preventive measures and conduct education. Secondly, development of nursing interventions and study of infection are needed. Thirdly, consistent investment in prevention against hospital infections and environmental renovation is needed.
Bacterial Proteins/genetics
;
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
;
Genotype
;
Humans
;
*Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional
;
*Infectious Disease Transmission, Professional-to-Patient
;
Intensive Care Units
;
*Methicillin Resistance
;
Neurosurgery
;
Polymerase Chain Reaction
;
Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/*transmission
;
Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects/genetics/*isolation & purification
;
Tracheostomy
5.Introcution of Australia Management of Prevention and Treatment for Occupational Exposure to Hepatitis and HIV (Hematogenous).
Huan-qiang WANG ; Min ZHANG ; Tao LI
Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases 2006;24(10):637-638
Australia
;
HIV Infections
;
prevention & control
;
transmission
;
Hepatitis B
;
prevention & control
;
transmission
;
Hepatitis C
;
prevention & control
;
transmission
;
Humans
;
Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional
;
prevention & control
;
Occupational Exposure
;
Risk Assessment
6.Analysis on the epidemiological features and the transmission of an imported severe acute respiratory syndrome case in Beijing.
Xiong HE ; Zhuang SHEN ; Fang NING ; Li-xin DING ; Ren-ming TENG ; Chang-ying LIN ; Ruo-gang HUANG ; Xiao-mei LI ; Ze-jun LIU
Chinese Journal of Epidemiology 2003;24(7):557-560
OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) transmission in the population base on analyzing the first imported case and the chains of transmission.
METHODSFor the first imported SARS case and cases who were transmitted by the index case, epidemiological investigations were conducted using the guidelines for surveillance and case investigation issued by the Ministry of Health. Data as the date of onset of symptoms, date of hospitalization, contact history etc. for each of the cases and their close contacts were collected and analyzed.
RESULTSThe first imported SARS case introduced to Beijing had infected 9 people within the family and at the hospital, with two of whom died of the same disease. The incubation period for that index case was 4 days, and that for the cases considered to be the secondary and tertiary generations were 7 and 8 days, respectively. The shorter the incubation period, the longer the fever would last and clinically more severe.
CONCLUSIONOne of the epidemiological characteristics of SARS in Beijing was noticed that the disease clustered in families and hospitals. Infection through droplets and close contact has been viewed as the primary mode of transmission.
Adult ; China ; epidemiology ; Contact Tracing ; Cross Infection ; transmission ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; transmission
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