Object: 2875 married woman in child bearing age (15 to 49) at 15 commune/ward in 7 suburban distric of Ha Tay province. The result show that: Reproductive tract infections rate is 64,24%. Incidence of countryside woman is higher than city woman. At the age group of 25-39 has the highest incidence. Types of pathogenic organism is multiform, leading is vagina bacterium with exiting of bacillus G (1), cocus G (+) particular is Gardnerella vaginalis. Infected Candida rate is quite high, infected Trichomomas is in low level. Antibiotic is resisted in various level.
Infection/etiology ; Women ; Epidemiology

Cross Infection ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans

Humans ; Infection ; etiology ; therapy ; Pancreatitis ; complications ; therapy

Burn infection occurs when pathogenic bacteria colonized on the burn wound surface, and they then invaded the viable tissue causing sepsis or sepsis with blood stream invasion. This infection pattern is particular to burn injury. Both in a model of pseudomonas burn wound sepsis and a clinical study of early eschar excision for bacteria quantification indicate that the bacteria not only are located on the burn wound surface but also invaded the deeper tissues. Finally, the bacteria penetrate into the neighboring viable tissue and even blood vessels. Therefore, we can say that burn infection is from local wound infection to invasive infection, and finally sepsis is developed ,and it is termed as burn wound sepsis. The cutoff count of subeschar tissue bacteria is 10(5)/g. However, the burn wound sepsis may not occur when the number of subeschar tissue bacteria reaches 10(5)/g. The criteria for the diagnosis of burn wound sepsis are mainly listed as below: (1) The number of bacteria in the subeschar reaches > or =10(5)/g. (2) Bacteria can be detected in the biopsy specimen. (3) Sepsis associated symptoms and signs. However, the sepsis associated symptoms and signs must be obvious in patients to make the clinical diagnosis of burn wound sepsis. If the sepsis associated symptoms and signs do not appear, we should not make the diagnosis of burn wound sepsis eyen with the number of bacteria in the subeschar tissue reaching 10(5)/g or bacteria can be found in the biopsy specimen. Sepsis has been defined as the body % response to bacteria and their products. The occurrence of sepsis depends primarily on immune function and stress response intensity, and it is closely related to wound infection degree such as bacteria density and invasion depth in the burn wound, or plasma endotoxin level to certain extent.
Bacterial Infections ; etiology ; Burns ; microbiology ; Humans ; Sepsis ; etiology ; Wound Infection ; etiology

Pain and itch are unpleasant sensations that often accompany infections caused by viral, bacterial, parasitic, and fungal pathogens. Recent studies show that sensory neurons are able to directly detect pathogens to mediate pain and itch. Nociceptor and pruriceptor neurons respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns, including Toll-like receptor ligands, N-formyl peptides, and bacterial toxins. Other pathogens are able to silence neuronal activity to produce analgesia during infection. Pain and itch could lead to neuronal modulation of the immune system or behavioral avoidance of future pathogen exposure. Conversely, pathogens could modulate neuronal signaling to potentiate their pathogenesis and facilitate their spread to other hosts. Defining how pathogens modulate pain and itch has critical implications for sensory neurobiology and our understanding of host-microbe interactions.
Animals ; Humans ; Infection ; complications ; etiology ; pathology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Pain ; etiology ; pathology ; Pruritus ; etiology ; pathology

Comprehensive prevention and treatment of burn infection should be further enhanced, as monotonous treatment is prone to fail to get satisfying curative effects. In the articles to be published in this issue, causative factors for burn infection are analyzed in depth and discussed from different angles, and they will lay the foundation for the comprehensive prevention and treatment of burn infection.
Burns ; complications ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Humans ; Infection Control ; methods ; Wound Infection ; etiology ; prevention & control

Humans ; Immune System Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; therapy ; Wound Infection ; immunology

Humans ; Infection ; etiology ; Laryngitis ; complications ; Neck ; Pharyngitis ; complications

Chromobacterium violaceum is a gram negative straight rod, 0.8-1.2 by 2.5 to 6.0 m, which is motile by one polar flagella and one to four lateral flagella. The organism inhabits soil and water and is often found in semitropical and tropical climates. Infections in humans are rare. We report a case of infection caused by strains of C. violaceum. A 38-year-old male patient was admitted to KyungHee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea on July 28th, 2003, after a car accident. The patient had multiple trauma and lacerations. He had an open wound in the left tibial area from which C. violaceum was isolated. The strain was resistant to ampicillin, tobramycin, ampicillin/sulbactam, ceftriaxone and cefepime, but was susceptible to amikacin, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and piperacillin/tazobactam. The patient was treated successfully by debridement, cephapirin sodium and astromicine sulfate.
Wound Infection/*etiology ; Male ; Humans ; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/*etiology ; Chromobacterium/*isolation & purification ; Adult ; *Accidents, Traffic

Blood Coagulation ; Hemorrhage ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hypotension ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Infection ; etiology ; Liver, Artificial ; adverse effects