This paper proposes a designing concept of a multipurpose coloclyster for neonates, and introduces its structure and functions of its components in detail. The clinical application of this instrument will reduce the labour intensity of medical personnels, shorten the time of preoperative preparation and lessen complication of the patients.
Enema ; instrumentation ; Equipment Design ; Humans ; Infant Equipment ; Infant, Newborn

The study conducted on 58 premature neonate underweight infants at the Department of Resuscitation of the Pediatric Hospital N02 from Febuary 2000 to December 2002 had showed a high mortality of 74.1%. 100% of premature neonate underweight infants under 850g at birth died. The died infant had lower weight at birth, mean arterial blood pH was lower, mean arterial blood PaCO2 was higher. CRIB score had prognostic value to predict the mortality of premature neonate underweight infants using ROC curb and the undercurb superficial zone
Aging, Premature ; Infant Equipment ; Child

According to current assembly situation of infant incubator in company A, basic industrial engineering means such as time study was used to analyze the actual products assembly production and an assembly line was designed. The assembly line was modeled and simulated with software Flexsim. The problem of the assembly line was found by comparing simulation result and actual data, then through optimization to obtain high efficiency assembly line.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Incubators, Infant ; Infant ; Software

PURPOSE: An inexperienced mother depends on the recommendation by an experienced person on how to bring up her child. Therefore, we performed a study to evaluate the wrong methods of childcare and to establish effective childcare counselling. METHODS: Two thousand eighty questionnaires filled out by mothers who visited local pediatric clinics and medical centers in Chonbuk, from March 2001 to April 2001, were analyzed according to the distribution of location, age of infant, maternal age and the question of each field. RESULTS: Many mothers have been known to squeeze the breast causing hypertrophy of the neonate. Most infants are placed on their side or supine for sleep. The most common reason for stopping breast feeding was insufficient amount of breast milk. The appropriate age to start whole cow's milk is after the first year of life. The main food used for weaning was commercial baby food. The main oral hydration solution for diarrhea has been boiled water. The main reasons for using a pacifier were to help the mother. The most common reason to use herbs was for the prevention of disease. The use of infant walkers has been widespread among infants and young children. The most common reason was to keep the infant quiet and happy. Most mothers did not use car safety seats for young children. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study revealed that many mothers were misinformed concerning childcare, so pediatricians should make more efforts and perform more studies to establish rational methods of childcare.
Breast ; Breast Feeding ; Child ; Diarrhea ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Infant ; Infant Equipment ; Infant, Newborn ; Jeollabuk-do ; Maternal Age ; Milk ; Milk, Human ; Mothers ; Pacifiers ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Water ; Weaning

The authors have encountered two patients who had complete traumatic eyeball extrusion by trauma with different mechanism. One was a 2-year-old child who fell down from a baby stroller and had the left eyeball extrusion without any trauma to the body except eye. The other was 29-year-old man whose right orbit was pierced by a spit and had right eyeball extrusion too. After the authors reposed traumatic complete eyeball extrusion by Kronlein operation, lateral canthotomy, and antholysis, the authors obtained excellent cosmetic results. Especially, these are very rare cases of the pure eye ball extrusion without another trauma of the body. Therefore, the authors report the experience of the operative treatment of these rare cases.
Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Humans ; Infant Equipment ; Orbit

To obtain normal serum TSH concentrations in newborn infants and children and to observe the effect of body cooling on serum TSH concentrations during the early postnatal period, the author studied ten newborn infants and one hundred and twenty-two normal and healthy subjects from 3 days to 16 years of age. Immediately after delivery, a group of five newborn infants were placed in a warmed incubator(35-37degrees C) and another group of five newborn infants were placed in a crib at room temperature (22-30degrees C) during the first 48 hours of life. Total two hundred twenty-one blood samples including ten maternal blood, ten cord blood, and umbilical arterial blood drawn through an indwelling catheter at 10, 30, and 60 minutes. 1,2,3 and 4 hours, and femoral venous blood sampled at 24 and 48 hours of life from ten newborn infants were measured by applying radioimmunoassay technique. The results are as follows: 1. Mean TSH concentration was significantly higher in cord blood (10.5 microU/ml) compared to maternal blood(6.6microU/ml). This finding suggests a fetal-maternal highly significant TSH gradient at term. 2. In the early postnatal period, serum TSH concentrations increased rapidly to peak level (mean of 74.0microU/ml) at 30 minutes of life and then fell very gradually to mean concentration of 10.3microU/ml at 48 hours of life-the level close to the cord blood concentration of 10.5microU/ml. 3. Mean serum TSH concentrations of various age groups were 10.6microU/ml in neonates of age 3-7 days, 8.1microU/ml in infants of 1-12months, 5.7microU/ml in preschool children of age 1-5 years, 5.8microU/ml in school children of age 6-11 years, and 4.5microU/ml in adolescents of age 12-16 years. 4. The infants group placed at room temperature reached higher peak serum TSH concentrations sooner than the infants group placed in incubators. This difference suggests that extrauterine cooling is capable of increasing TSH secretion in the normal neonates. The elevation in serum TSH concentrations observed in incubated infants indicates that neonatal hyperthyrotropinemia could be caused by stimuli other than exposure to cold.
Adolescent ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Child* ; Child, Preschool ; Fetal Blood ; Humans ; Incubators ; Infant ; Infant Equipment ; Infant, Newborn* ; Radioimmunoassay

Baby walkers have been a major cause of injuries in young children. The main purpose of this study is to identify the pattern of injuries associated with baby walker. The data were collected from May 13 to June 15, 1998 from 438 mothers who have used or are using baby walkers for their children aged average 6 month old(range 1-33 month). It was founded that 19.2%(84 infants) of these children had walker-related accidents. The types of injuries included 'falling down'(52.4%), 'tiping over'(21.4%), 'being crashed into the wall'(17.9%), and burns(1.2%). These injuries predominantly involved the head and neck region(88%). The majority of injuries were minor, and most injuries occurred at home with the mother present. The most common reason to use the baby walker was to keep the infant happy and occupied. Although many parents used walker to promote walking, there was no supportive evidence that walkers helped babies learn to walk sooner. In conclusion, injuries among infants who use walkers are minor, but common. Also, baby walkers may cause a fatal injury to some infants. Therefore, child safety warning label policies, anticipatory safety guidance and quality control of infant walkers are needed to prevent injuries associated with a infant walker.
Child ; Head ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Equipment* ; Mothers ; Neck ; Parents ; Quality Control ; Walkers ; Walking

PURPOSE: The survival rate of infants weighing less than 1,000 g at birth(extremely low birth weight infants, ELBWI) has increased due to recent advances in perinatal and neonatal intensive care. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rates of ELBWI born at Seoul National University Hospital during the last six years. METHODS: A total of 99 infants were divided into three groups(period I : 2000 to 2001, period II: 2002 to 2003, period III: 2004 to 2005) based on date of birth. We compared the survival rate of ELBWI over the three periods, using CRIB II score for adjustment for clinical severity. RESULTS: Overall survival rate of ELBWI was 74.7 percent. The survival rate of ELBWI increased over the three periods(period I: 60.7 percent, period II : 73.3 percent, period III: 85.3 percent). The threshold of viability(defined as survival of at least 50 percent of infants) was 25 weeks of gestation and 600 g at birth. The birth weight-specific survival rates increased considerably over the three periods for infants < 750 g at birth(period I: 10 percent, period II: 46.2 percent, period III: 70.6 percent). The survival rates of ELBWI over the three periods increased much remarkably after adjustment for clinical severity by CRIB II score. CONCLUSION: In our institution, survival rates of ELBWI during the last six years continued to improve, particularly for infants weighing < 750 g at birth. This increase in survival rates was not associated with the clinical severity of ELBWI.
Humans ; Infant Equipment ; Infant* ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Low Birth Weight* ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care, Neonatal ; Parturition ; Pregnancy ; Seoul ; Survival Rate*

A retrospective study was made of 10 consecutive patients who underwent mandibular reconstruction with PCBM from December 1994 to July 1996. Free autogenous iliac bone in the from of particulate cancellous bone and marrow was densely packed into the crib that was adapted to bridge the mandibular discontinuity defect. Frozen-treated autogenous mandibular bone, splitted autogenous rib, and titanium mesh(Dumbach, Leibinger) were used as cribs carrying the PCBM. All ten cases underwent successful healing with the formation of a continuous bony union with the remaining mandible. The rate of resorption was assessed by sequential panoramic radiographs. The mean horizontal dimension of the madibular defects was 44mm and the mean vertical dimension of the reconstructed segments was 23mm. The bony height of the reconstructed segments retained about 90% of the bony height of over a 1-year period. We confirmed that PCBM grafts were the most successful and predictable grafts in mandibular discontinuity reconstruction.
Bone Marrow* ; Humans ; Infant Equipment ; Mandible ; Mandibular Reconstruction* ; Retrospective Studies ; Ribs ; Titanium ; Transplants ; Vertical Dimension

Our group have introduced a portable light emitting diode (LED) phototherapy system for treating neonatal jaundice. The device selects blue narrow-band LED as the light source, driven by MAX5035. The light intensity is linearly adjusted as the alteration of the pulse-width modulation signal, controlled by ATmega16L, and the value can be displayed in LCD12864. The device breaks the bonds of traditional phototherapy, it features small size and can provide an intense irradiance-controlled treatment as it's needed.
Equipment Design ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; therapy ; Light ; Phototherapy ; instrumentation