A case of liver cell adenoma that was incidentally found at postmortem examination of a neonate who died of E. coli sepsis is described. The adenoma was a sharply demarcated, not encapsulated mass located subcapsularly in the right lobe, and was pale tan to light yellowish round nodule of 0.9 cm in diameter. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of sheets and cords of uniform and slightly enlarged hepatocytes separated by dilated sinusoids. There were no portal zones or central veins to suggest the normal lobular architecture. The nuclei were bland and the cytoplasm varied from clear to acidophilic, containing lipid vacuoles. Ultrastructural examination showed that the hepatocytes of the tumor had highly differentiated organelles, reminiscent of normal hepatocytes.
Adenoma/*pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*pathology ; Liver Neoplasms/*pathology

A total of 209 consecutive neonate and infant autopsies were reviewed with special attention to papillary muscle necrosis (PMN) of the heart. Associated major pathological findings were analysed for the evaluation of significant pathological accompaniments of PMN. PMN was found in 52 cases among 171(30.4%) neonates and major pathological accompaniments were bronchopneumonia, hyaline membrane disease, hypoxic neuronal change, sepsis, subarachnoid hemorrhage, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and acute tubular necrosis, among which hypoxic neuronal change and ATN had a statistically significant higher incidence when compared with the control group. (p < 0.005). PMN was found in 13 cases among 38(34.2%) infants and accompaniments were congenital heart disease, sepsis, bronchopneumonia, DIC and hypoxic neuronal change, all of which showed no difference from the control group in incidence. The results imply that PMN is a kind of organ damage in stressed subjects regardless of age, that it is not a special form of myocardial injury in any specific age group including the newborn period, and is possibly of different pathogenesis and significance.
Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/pathology ; Necrosis ; Papillary Muscles/*pathology ; Prevalence

Female ; Humans ; Hypopharynx ; Infant, Newborn ; Pharyngeal Diseases ; pathology ; Polyps ; pathology

Interstitial pulmonary emphysema is a well-documented complication of assisted mechanical ventilation in premature infants with respiratory distress syndrome. Localized persistent interstitial pulmonary emphysema (LPIPE) confined to a single lobe was incidentally presented in a 4-day-old female infant. This patient was a normal full-term baby with no respiratory distress symptom and no experience of assisted mechanical ventilation. Chest radiograph showed radiolucent area in right lower lobe zone, which needed differential diagnosis from other congenital lesions such as congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and congenital lobar emphysema. CT scan showed irregular-shaped air cystic spaces and pathologically, cystic walls primarily consisted of compressed lung parenchyma and loose connective tissue intermittently lined by multinucleated foreign body giant cells.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Human ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases/*pathology/radiography ; Pulmonary Emphysema/*pathology/radiography

Disease Progression ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; pathology ; Leukomalacia, Periventricular ; pathology

Calcinosis ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Vascular Diseases ; pathology

Vascular anomalies consist of tumours or malformations made up of abnormal growth or collections of blood vessels that can result in functional or cosmetic problems. While many vascular anomalies are present at birth, some do not appear until later in life, making diagnosis more challenging. Although many vascular anomalies are benign, some are associated with serious complications and may involve multiple organ systems. This article highlights the important features of clinically significant vascular anomalies to help physicians promptly identify and refer these cases to a specialised multidisciplinary team for evaluation and management. The discussion includes the various presenting complaints of vascular anomalies in children, namely, rapidly growing birthmarks, painful lesions, seizures/neurological manifestations, bleeding diathesis, cardiac/airway abnormalities and part of an overgrowth syndrome.
Infant, Newborn ; Child ; Humans ; Vascular Malformations/pathology* ; Vascular Diseases ; Syndrome

OBJECTIVEAbdominal distention is a common disorder in newborns, which can be life-threatening in severe cases. Currently, little literature is available regarding early identification of the etiology of this disorder in newborn babies, which is imperative to reducing the likelihood of serious consequences. This retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical characteristics of early newborns with abdominal distention, aiming at identifying the underlying etiologic factors.

METHODSMedical records of 201 (65 premature and 136 full-term) early newborns with abdominal distention between January 2011 and December 2012 were retrieved.

RESULTSCongenital malformations (including congenital megacolon, anal atresia, malrotation, intestinal atresia, intestinal duplication and posterior urethral valves) occurred in 44.6% of the premature newborns with abdominal distention and 61.8% of the full-term newborns with the disorder. Congenital megacolon was the number one cause of abdominal distention in the full-term group (33.8%) and the number two cause in the preterm group (13.8%). As far as other individual abnormalities were concerned, sepsis was the number one cause of abdominal distention in the preterm group (35.4%) and the number two cause in the full-term group (21.3%). Vomiting was a main symptom associated with abdominal distension, occurring in 64.0% of the full-term newborns and 44.6% of the preterm newborns. The most pronounced X-ray manifestation was bowel distention with an air-fluid level in the preterm group (47.7%) but was bowel distention without a fluid level in the full-term group (57.3%). Eliological and symptomatic treatment was effective in 86.2% of the premature cases and 88.2% in the full-term cases (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSCongenital malformations may be the major cause of abdominal distension in early newborns. Sepsis and congenital megacolon are the single disease most frequently associated with abdominal distention in preterm and full-term newborns respectively. Vomiting is a main accompanying symptom in early newborns with abdominal distention. X-ray manifestations seem to be more severe in preterm newborns than in full term newborns. A satisfactory outcome can be achieved after treatment in both preterm and full-term newborns with this disorder.

Abdomen ; pathology ; Dilatation, Pathologic ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Newborn, Diseases ; diagnosis ; Male ; Radiography, Abdominal

Congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis (CPL) is a rare, poorly documented disease, characterized by abnormal dilatation of pulmonary lymphatics without lymphatic proliferation. This disease is seen almost exclusively in infancy and early childhood. It can usually be divided into primary (congenital) and secondary forms. The primary form presents in neonates, and the patients mostly die due to the respiratory distress, shortly after birth. The authors experienced two cases of primary CPL in a 13-day-old male neonate and a one-day-old male neonate, showing prominent lymphatic dilatation in the septal, subpleural, and peri-bronchial tissue throughout both lungs. The latter case was associated with congenital cardiac anomaly including single ventricle. These are unique cases of CPL in Korea of which the diagnosis was established through post-mortem examination. Therefore, the authors report these two cases with primary CPL with a review of the literature.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Lung/pathology ; Lung Diseases/congenital/*pathology ; Lymphangiectasis/congenital/*pathology ; Lymphatic System/pathology ; Male

Hamartoma ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Liver Diseases ; diagnosis ; pathology ; surgery ; Male