Objective: Social Networking Sites (SNS) are gaining popularity across different cultures and age groups with its increasing role in the day-to-day life of its users. Objective of the present investigation is to study the SNS use and its relationship with online and real-life social capital, self-esteem and interpersonal relationships in normal and clinical population. Methods: The sample consisted of 93 participants of the age range 17-37 years, 63 participants from the general population and 30 from the clinical population with a diagnosis of any depressive or anxiety spectrum disorder. The tools used for this study are Basic Data Sheet, the Facebook Intensity Scale, Internet addiction Test, Internet Social Capital Scale. Results: The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Sentence Completion Test Results show that Facebook use has a positive correlation with online bonding and bridging capital. A significantly higher percentage of participants from the clinical group met the criteria for problem use of the Internet. Compared to average users, problem users of the Internet are found to have higher mean scores for online bridging capital and conflicts in inter-personal relationships and lower mean scores for real life bonding capital and self-esteem. Conclusions: It necessitates an exploration of Facebook's use patterns in routine evaluation and management of clinical conditions and implies the need for further research to develop explanatory models and management strategies for problematic use of the Internet.

OBJECTIVES: As the craniofacial and neck regions are prime areas of injury in bear attacks, the careful management of soft and hard tissue injuries and selection of reconstructive options is of the utmost importance. This study will review the incidence and patterns of bear mauling in eastern India reported to our department and the various modalities used for their treatment over a period of 7 years. It also documents the risks of infection in bear mauling cases and the complications that have occurred. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty cases were treated over the study period. Cases were evaluated for soft and hard tissue injuries including tissue loss and corresponding management in the craniofacial region. Cases were also evaluated for other associated injuries, organ damage and related complications. RESULTS: Various modalities of treatment were used for the management of victims, ranging from simple primary repairs to free tissue transfers. Simple primary repairs were done in 75% of cases, while the management of the injured victims required reconstruction by local, regional or distant flaps in 25%. Free tissue transfers were performed in 15% of cases, and no cases of wound infection were detected in the course of treatment. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of various reconstructive techniques is essential for managing maxillofacial injuries in bear mauling cases. Modern reconstructive procedures like free tissue transfer are reliable options for reconstruction with minimal co-morbidity and dramatic improvement in treatment outcomes.
Free Tissue Flaps ; Incidence ; India ; Maxillofacial Injuries* ; Neck ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Wound Infection

INTRODUCTIONDensiron is a novel long-term tamponade. Its specific gravity is 1.06 g/mL and as such it is heavier than water and provides support for the inferior retina. As proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) has a propensity for the inferior retina, we used Densiron on a consecutive series of 97 cases with inferior pathology. We hypothesised that the sequential use of conventional and heavy silicone oil is a strategy for the management of PVR.

MATERIALS AND METHODSA consecutive interventional case series involving the use of Densiron for PVR cases was studied. Patients were selected if conventional silicone oil and Densiron were used sequentially. Anatomical success was defined as total re-attachment in the absence of any tamponade agent for at least 3 months post oil removal.

RESULTSOf the 97 patients, 10 patients fulfilled the criteria. Surgery involving Densiron was successful in re-attaching the retina in 7 of 10 cases, with one sequence of alternating light then heavy oil operation, and with one further surgery using silicone oil in the remaining 3 cases. The mean LogMAR preoperative vision was 1.57 and the postoperative vision was 0.82. In 8 of 10 patients, the final vision was 20/200 or better; in 5 of 10 patients, 20/80 or better. The mean follow-up was 19.5 months (range, 9 to 45).

CONCLUSIONSThe sequential use of conventional silicone oil and Densiron may be a strategy in reducing the number of re-operations. Our case series shows that despite multiple surgical procedures, favourable visual outcome can be achieved.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retinal Detachment ; therapy ; Silicone Oils ; administration & dosage ; Vitreoretinopathy, Proliferative ; therapy