No abstract available.
Individuality ; Learning

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the concept seogueulpeum, in order to give a operational definition of middle-aged women's seogueulpeum. METHODS: Walker and Avant's methods for concept analysis was used. RESULTS: The defining attributes of seogueulpeum identified in this study were 1) time, 2) negativity, 3) vagueness, 4) passivity, 5) individuality. The antecedents of seogueulpeum were 1) a problematic condition, 2) past event, experiences for the problematic condition, and 3) interaction between the problematic condition and past event, experiences. The consequences of seogueulpeum included 1) to get worse for the problematic condition, 2) passive or active management for the problematic condition. CONCLUSION: Although further studies are required to refine the diverse attributes of the concept of seogueulpeum, according to this concept analysis of seogueulpeum, this study contribute to explain psychological health of middle-aged women. In addition to develop the adequate interventions decreasing seogueulpeum with aging in women is needed.
Aging ; Female ; Humans ; Individuality

Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI) is one kind of teaching method to teach leaners knowledge, attitude, and technical aspect of course contents through utilizing a computer as a learning material. CAI is focused on the concept of interaction and individualized learning. Thus in teaching and learning process CAI is considered the individual differences of learners. And learners can study course contents repeatedly through utilizing courseware. Based on the importance of individualized learning program through utilizing a computer the courseware of infection control was developed to acquire and apply the appropriate knowledge for controlling infection for learners.
Individuality ; Infection Control* ; Learning ; Teaching

The errors in orthognathic surgery can occur during the preoperative preparations including the model surgery, but till now there's been some lack of reserches about them. So we wanted to verify the accuracies in measurements used in model surgery. We compared the accuracy of measurements by vernier calipers, which has been the main measurement tool for conventional model surgery, and that by height gauge, which is recently claimed to be more accurate, with 3 dimensional coordinate analyzer. We could have following results and have a plan to use them for the invention of new model surgery techniques. 1. The measurement errors in Group 1, which mean the difference between "the measurements by 3-D analyzer" and "the measurements by height gauge", were small enough with the range of 0.1~0.2mm in all planes. 2. The mean error in Group 2, which is the differences between the measurements of 3-D analyzer and those of vernier calipers, was 1.1mm. 3. The measurement errors in Group 2 were variable according to the factors including the differences of individuality and expertness of each measurers. But in case of Group 1, they were small and not variable by the expertness. 4. The measurements were more accurate at the points in anterior teeth than in molar teeth in Group 1 and 2. 5. The errors after model surgery increased remarkably, compared with those before surgery in Group 2. And the situation was different in Group 1 in that errors decreased after surgery. Accoding to these results, it assumed that the measurements with height gauge during the model surgery for orthognathic surgery are accurate enough and can be maintained, regardless of complexity of models, individuality, or expertness of measurers.
Individuality ; Inventions ; Molar ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Tooth

Computer-Assisted Instruction(CAI) improved the possibility of individualized learning by enhancing the learning efficacy related to the apptitude, competency, speed and perceptual style of each learner. The reason that I introduced the computer in teaching and learning process is based on the assumption that individual differences can be minimized by applying CAI. This has special meaning because in the current teaching and learning system we can not consider the individual differences of learners. Considering the importance of developing individualized learning program, the course of electrophysiology and pathology of K that requires typical memorization and repetition is made as a purpose to increase the efficacy of learning and thus improve the quality of nursing curriculum.
Curriculum ; Electrophysiology ; Individuality ; Learning ; Nursing ; Pathology

After the use of bromide as the first antiepileptic drug in 1857, conventional antiepileptic drugs were introduced and stabilized through clinical experiences. Since the 1990's, new antiepileptic drugs have been developed in the base of biochemical mechanism. Thus the variety of antiepileptic drugs is available nowadays. There are relatively enough understandings about the adverse effects of the conventional antiepileptic drugs. On the other hand, even though it is generally accepted that new antiepileptic drugs may have less adverse effects than conventional antiepileptic drugs, the clinical experiences about the new antiepileptic drugs are not enough to comprehend adverse effects. Adverse effects are one of the most important aspects to be considered when selecting antiepileptic drugs in each individual patient. Its importance is more emphasized by the fact that adverse effects may increase the cost of antiepileptic therapy. Thus physicians should be familiar with the common and characteristic adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. Even among the patients with a same epileptic syndrome, the selection of antiepileptic drugs should be tailored according to the individual susceptibility to adverse effects. As the knowledge about adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs is accumulated and the patients' interests about health are increased, the information about adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs is becoming more and more important.
Anticonvulsants* ; Drug Prescriptions ; Hand ; Humans ; Individuality

Mystic experience is highly evaluated so as to be called as core of experience in the religious world and also becomes the subject of concern among various social groups. Psychologists and psychiatrists are concerned about it, but because of its individuality and subjectivity, the scientific approach was difficult so that only the description of mystic experience has been researched so far. There is a current report saying that mystic experience is the one of the dissociative phenomenon. And there are a lot of reports saying that dissociation is related to childhood trauma experience and rises as much as psychopathological tendencies exist. Consequently, based on the reference that mystic experience is connected with dissociation, the study has been progressed to find out the level of dissociation, psychopathology and trauma experience for religious people who experienced mystic experience but excluding patients. Among them, it has been compared between group of non-mystic experience (n=35) and group of mystic experience (n=42). We used Dissociative Experience scale-Korean version (DES-K), Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), questionnaire about trauma. The result is that the group of mystic experience had a significantly higher tendency to have dissociation and trauma experience than group of non-mystic experience. However, the difference of psychopathology has not been found.
Humans ; Individuality ; Psychiatry ; Psychology ; Psychopathology ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to investigate memory functions in schizophrenic patients. METHODS: The participants were 45 schizophrenic patients and 27 normal controls. The Rey-Kim Memory Test (RKMT) was used as the testing instrument. RESULTS: 1) Schizophrenic patients showed a significantly lower Memory Quotient (MQ) compared with control participants. Their memory impairment was more severe relative to their intelligence impairment. 2) Memory deficits in schizophrenic patients were most pronounced in retrieval phase compared with encoding or retention phase. 3) Both verbal and visual memory were impaired in schizophrenic patients. 4) There were qualitative as well as quantitative individual differences in memory functions among schizophrenic patients. CONCLUSION: Memory impairment in schizophrenia represents a selective cognitive deficit. Its clinical presentation is similar to 'frontal amnesia' in that retrieval deficit is most pronounced.
Humans ; Individuality ; Intelligence ; Memory Disorders ; Memory* ; Schizophrenia

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the accuracy of the Pollard method for meniscal sizing of the meniscal allograft by comparison with the MRI dimensions. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The width and length of 50 medial and lateral menisci were measured and compared using the Pollard method and MRI. The meniscal thickness was measured using MRI and we evaluated the individual differences. RESULTS: The measurements of the width of the medial meniscus and the length of the lateral meniscus using the Pollard method and MRI were similar (p=0.459, p=0.108, respectively). However, the measurements of the length of the medial meniscus and the width of the lateral meniscus using MRI were significantly higher that those measured using the Pollard method (p=0.000 and p=0.001, respectively). The medial and lateral meniscal thicknesses were 6.26+/-0.86 mm and 6.47+/-0.84 mm, respectively, and there was no significant individual difference. CONCLUSION: The measurements of the length of the medial meniscus and the width of the lateral meniscus, using the Pollard method and on MRI had significant differences. The Pollard method must be modified for meniscal sizing.
Allografts ; Individuality ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging* ; Menisci, Tibial

Chronotype (CT) is defined as an inter-individual difference in sleep-wake cycles and daily activities. Previous studies have suggested that this individual difference can influence our biological and psychological functioning. Literature regarding the psychometric properties and validity of CT measures are reviewed. We provide an overview of biological indicators (sleep-wake cycle, body temperature, cortisol, and melatonin) that are used for distinguishing two chronotypes: morningness (MT) and eveningness (ET). We also review the differences between CT in relation to personality traits and the occurrence of psychopathology. In addition, the methodological limitations of studies on CT are discussed. Finally, future research directions in terms of CT are proposed.
Body Temperature ; Hydrocortisone ; Individuality ; Psychometrics ; Psychopathology