Humans ; Indium ; toxicity

Humans ; Indium ; toxicity

Biomarkers ; Humans ; Indium ; Occupational Exposure

Humans ; Indium ; urine ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods

Humans ; Indium ; toxicity ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Occupational Health

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to evaluate the cytotoxicity of gallium arsenide(GaAs), indium phosphide(InP) and indium arsenide(InAs) all of which are used as the semiconductor eletments in semiconductor industry. METHODS: Cytotoxicity in the alveolar macrophage was evaluated by the measurement of in vitro magnetometry, LDH release assay and histological examination. RESULTS: The relaxation curves by the in vitro magnetometry showed that GaAs has the cytotoxicity for the alveolar macrophage which is more significant in the higher dosages, while this cytotoxicity is not appeared in the groups added with InP or InAs or PBS. In the decay constant for two minutes after magnetization, GaAs-added groups showed a significant decrease with increasing doses, but both InP- and InAs-added groups did not show any significance. The LDH release assay showed a dose-dependent increasing tendency in the GaAs-, InP- and InAs-added groups. In terms of cellular morphological changes, GaAs-added groups revealed such severe cellular damages as prominent destructions in cell membranes and their morphological changes of nucleus, while InP- and InAs-added groups remained intact in intracellular structures, except for cytoplasmic degenerations. CONCLUSIONS: It is suggested that GaAs is more influential to cytotoxicity of alveolar macrophages than InP and InAs.
Arsenic* ; Arsenicals* ; Cell Membrane ; Cytoplasm ; Gallium ; Indium ; Macrophages* ; Macrophages, Alveolar ; Magnetometry ; Relaxation ; Semiconductors

Placenta previa is a common grave complication of late pregnancy, usually manifestated clinically by painless antenatal vaginal bleeding. Digital and rectal examinations are dangerous, due to the possibility that profuse hemorrhage from the vagina may result. Various radiological examinations have been performed in placenta previa for diagnosis and localization. However radioisotopic methods are superior due to safety, simplicity and a lower radiation dose, both fetal and maternal, compared to plain radiography. Among radiopharmaceuticals, In113m (transferrin for blood pool scan) is useful, giving more satisfactory results without any complications or untoward reactions. In our series of 88 cases from March 1971 to April 1975, In113m placental scan was performed and analysed in 62 cases which were confirmed by clinical follow up and the results are as follows: 1) Maternal age pattern. Mothers 31~35 years were 20/62 or 30.6%. 2) Maternal gravida pattern. All were multipara except 8 cases of primipara. 3) Gestational maturity on scan. 40/62 or 64% were before 36weeks or less in maturity. 4) On scan analysis Placenta previa was confirmed in 36/62 cases or 58%. 5) Fetal maturity. On delivery most were full term, 42/62 or 67.7%. 6) Vaginal delivery was done on cases where placenta was localized in the upper uterine segment, except for three who had fetal malpresentation and congenital anomaly of the maternal pelvis. All patients of placenta previa had cesarian section, except 5 cases with a minor degree of placenta previa. 7) Two cases showed false negative, which suggests 97% accuracy in the screening test of placenta previa by scan, wich is a similar result to other reports. Only 4 cases of false positive discrepancy were noted.
Adult ; Female ; Human ; Indium/diagnostic use* ; Middle Age ; Placenta* ; Placenta Praevia/diagnosis* ; Pregnancy ; Radioisotopes ; Radionuclide Imaging*

Placenta previa is a common grave complication of late pregnancy, usually manifestated clinically by painless antenatal vaginal bleeding. Digital and rectal examinations are dangerous, due to the possibility that profuse hemorrhage from the vagina may result. Various radiological examinations have been performed in placenta previa for diagnosis and localization. However radioisotopic methods are superior due to safety, simplicity and a lower radiation dose, both fetal and maternal, compared to plain radiography. Among radiopharmaceuticals, In113m (transferrin for blood pool scan) is useful, giving more satisfactory results without any complications or untoward reactions. In our series of 88 cases from March 1971 to April 1975, In113m placental scan was performed and analysed in 62 cases which were confirmed by clinical follow up and the results are as follows: 1) Maternal age pattern. Mothers 31~35 years were 20/62 or 30.6%. 2) Maternal gravida pattern. All were multipara except 8 cases of primipara. 3) Gestational maturity on scan. 40/62 or 64% were before 36weeks or less in maturity. 4) On scan analysis Placenta previa was confirmed in 36/62 cases or 58%. 5) Fetal maturity. On delivery most were full term, 42/62 or 67.7%. 6) Vaginal delivery was done on cases where placenta was localized in the upper uterine segment, except for three who had fetal malpresentation and congenital anomaly of the maternal pelvis. All patients of placenta previa had cesarian section, except 5 cases with a minor degree of placenta previa. 7) Two cases showed false negative, which suggests 97% accuracy in the screening test of placenta previa by scan, wich is a similar result to other reports. Only 4 cases of false positive discrepancy were noted.
Adult ; Female ; Human ; Indium/diagnostic use* ; Middle Age ; Placenta* ; Placenta Praevia/diagnosis* ; Pregnancy ; Radioisotopes ; Radionuclide Imaging*

Epidemiologic Studies ; Humans ; Indium ; toxicity ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects

Air Pollutants, Occupational ; chemistry ; Indium ; analysis ; Mass Spectrometry ; methods ; Occupational Exposure ; Spectrum Analysis ; methods ; Workplace