No abstract available.
Indigo Carmine ; Indoles ; Skin

Indigo carmine has been used for eight decades with few adverse effects. Several of our patients, however, experienced severe hypotensive episodes after indigo carmine administration within a period of one month. Analysis of the raw materials used to formulate the preparation of indigo carmine we used showed that they contained impurities. Following recall of these impure materials, none of our patients experienced further hypotensive episodes.
Humans ; Hypotension ; Indigo Carmine ; Indoles

We describe 6 case of ectopic ureteral orifice was on vaginal wall and the most frequent symptom of ectopic ureteral orifice was incontinence. Vagino-gram and indigo carmine test was very important in diagnosis of ectopic ureteral orifice and identification of ectopic ureteral orifice and then nephrectomy, partial nephrectomy with ureterectomy was rational in treating ectopic ureteral orifice combining loss renal function.
Diagnosis ; Indigo Carmine ; Nephrectomy ; Ureter*

No abstract available.
Adenoma* ; Colon, Ascending* ; Indigo Carmine* ; Polyps*

Spontaneous bloody nipple discharge from a single duct is a significant clinical problem. When performing preoperative marking of the discharging duct, it is sometimes difficult to identify the duct owing to intermittent discharge. Precise preoperative marking of the discharging duct and intraductal lesions is very important to avoid unnecessary wide excision of breast tissue or failure to remove the cause of nipple discharge. We herein present a case of preoperative ultrasound-guided indigo carmine staining in a patient with no discharge on the day of surgery. When a dilated duct is visualized on ultrasound, the targeted duct can be localized using indigo carmine staining, and it is possible to perform a precise minimal volume microdochectomy.
Breast ; Humans ; Indigo Carmine* ; Nipples ; Ultrasonography

The soaking and fermentation of Baphicacanthus cusia( Nees),the important intermediate link of Indigo Naturalis processing,facilitates the synthesis of indigo and indirubin precursors and the dissolution of endogenous enzymes and other effective components,while the role of microorganisms in the fermentation is ignored. The present study investigated the changes of microbial community structure in Indigo Naturalis processing based on 16 S amplicon sequencing and bioinformatics. Meanwhile,the contents of indigo,indirubin,isatin,tryptanthrin,indole glycoside,etc. were determined to explore the correlation between the microorganisms and the alterations of the main components. As demonstrated by the results,the microbial diversity decreased gradually with the fermentation,which bottomed out after the addition of lime. Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,and Firmicutes were the main dominant communities in the fermentation. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria declined gradually with the prolongation of fermentation time,and to the lowest level after the addition of lime. The relative abundance of Firmicutes increased,and that of Bacteroidetes decreased first and then increased. The contents of effective substances in Indigo Naturalis also showed different variation tendencies. As fermentation went on,indole glycoside decreased gradually; indigo first increased and then decreased; indirubin and isatin first decreased and then increased; tryptanthrin gradually increased. Those changes were presumedly related to the roles of microorganisms in the synthesis of different components. This study preliminarily clarified the important role of microorganisms in the soaking and fermentation and provided a scientific basis for the control of Indigo Naturalis processing and the preparation of high-quality Indigo Naturalis.
Fermentation ; Indigo Carmine ; Indigofera ; Indoles ; Microbiota

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To investigate the usefulness of pit patterns of colorectal tumors and magnifying colonoscopy. METHODS: The surface mucosal pits of seventy five colorectal lesions were observed using a magnifying colonoscopy with a zoom 1 to 100 magnification after indigo carmine or methylene blue spray. The lesions were removed by hot biopsy, palypectomy, or endoscopic mucosal resection. Histologic diagnoses were determined by light microscopy.
Biopsy ; Colonoscopy* ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Diagnosis ; Indigo Carmine ; Methylene Blue ; Microscopy

Indigo Naturalis has a long history of medicinal use with particularity and complexity in its processing. Before the Ming dynasty,Indigo Naturalis was extracted from the top layer of zymotic fluid,called " purified Indigo Naturalis". In modern processing,the precipitate " crude Indigo Naturalis" is dried to produce Indigo Naturalis after impurity removal. The form of Indigo Naturalis slices has undergone significant changes in ancient and modern times. In view of this,the quality comparison between crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis was conducted in this study with modern analytical techniques. Firstly,chemical composition was analyzed with UPLC-Q-TOF-MS,and the chemical composition of scent with HS-SPME/GC-MS/MS. The content of indigo,indirubin,total ash,and water-soluble extract was determined as well as the inorganic composition in crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis. Then,their microscopic morphology was observed and the surface element composition was investigated. Finally,the antipyretic activities of crude Indigo Naturalis and purified Indigo Naturalis were compared in the fever rat model induced by lipopolysaccharide and 2,4-dinitrophenol. The results demonstrated that the purified Indigo Naturalis had a faster and more lasting antipyretic effect,while the crude Indigo Naturalis had almost no antipyretic effect. This study is of great significance to the research on processing technology of Indigo Naturalis and provides reference for the formulation of its quality standards,production specifications and calibration procedures.
Animals ; Indigo Carmine ; Indigofera ; Plant Extracts ; Rats ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Natural indigo, as one of the oldest dyes, is also a pivotal dye utilized in cotton fabrics today. A diversity of plants rich in indigo compounds belong to traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Indigo compounds have a variety of biological and pharmacological activities, including anticonvulsant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and anticancer activities. A substantial progress in indigo biosynthesis has been made lately. This paper summarizes the value of indigo from the aspects of cultural history, biosynthetic pathways and the medicinal activities of its related derivatives involved in the pathways. In addition, the latest research advancements in indigo biosynthetic pathways is demonstrated in this paper, which would lay the theoretical foundation for the exploration and utilization of natural indigo.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Coloring Agents ; Indigo Carmine/metabolism* ; Indigofera/metabolism*

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) was first reported in 1978, and is a rare phenomenon in which purple staining of the bags occurs, with a violet discoloration of the plastic of the catheter bag due to fine blue crystals of indigo in the urine. PUBS occurs predominantly in chronically catheterized constipated women, and is associated with urinary tract infections due to bacteria that produce sulphatase/phosphatase. A 70-year old male patient, who as used a suprapubic cystocatheter for almost 12 months, due to acute urinary retention, visited to our department with a purple colored urine bag. PUBS has previously been reported to be observed mostly in female patients. Herein, we report a rare case of PUBS in male patient.
Aged ; Bacteria ; Catheters ; Female ; Humans ; Indigo Carmine ; Male* ; Plastics ; Urinary Retention ; Urinary Tract Infections ; Viola