BACKGROUND: The efficacy of palonosetron in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), as well as chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, has already been demonstrated in multiple clinical studies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether continuous infusion of palonosetron following single injection could reduce PONV to a greater extent than single injection only of palonosetron. METHODS: In total, 132 women were enrolled in the study. All subjects were over the age of 20 years and were scheduled to undergo gynecologic laparoscopic surgery. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups. In both groups, patients received 0.075 mg of palonosetron intravenously, immediately before induction of anesthesia. In the continuous palonosetron infusion group, 0.075 mg (1.5 ml) of palonosetron was added to the patient-controlled analgesia device. In the single-injection palonosetron group, 1.5 ml of normal saline was added. RESULTS: The incidence of PONV 24 hours postoperatively was significantly lower in the continuous palonosetron infusion group than the single-injection palonosetron group (31.8 vs. 56.1%, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS: Continuous palonosetron infusion, following single injection, reduces the incidence of PONV compared with single injection only.
Analgesia, Patient-Controlled* ; Anesthesia ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Laparoscopy ; Nausea ; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting* ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to review the clinical manifestations and EEG findings of children with centro-temporal spikes. METHODS: We reviewed the clinical records of 38 patients showed epileptiform discharges on centro-temporal area and followed over 6 months at the Pediatric Neurology Clinic, Ghil hospital from February 1996 to July 1999. According to the EEG findings, they were classified into 2 groups : One was the group with epileptiform discharges on centro-temporal area only and the second was the group with other abnormal EEG findings besides centro-temporal epileptiform discharges. RESULTS: 1) The chief complaints included nocturnal convulsions in 30, diurnal convulsions in 4, headache in 2, febrile convulsion in 1 and self-mutilation in 1 patient. 2) According to seizure types, 3 patients had simple partial seizure, 17 had complex partial seizure and 14 had generalized seizure. 3) According to EEG findings, 20 showed centro-temporal spikes only, 18 revealed centro-temporal spikes and other abnormality. 4) The clinical seizure attacks prior to medication were observed in 34 patients, with 1 to 3 seizure attacks in 23, 4 to 10 attacks in 8 and over 10 attacks in 3 cases. 5) After medication 19 patients had no seizure attack and 11 had 1 to 3 attacks. Three patients had more than 10 attacks, but 2 of them were not adequately treated. CONCLUSION: It seems that the prognosis of the patients with centro-temporal spikes is good, but more rigorous studies based on more comprehensive data will be needed.
Child* ; Electroencephalography* ; Headache ; Humans ; Neurology ; Prognosis ; Seizures ; Seizures, Febrile

Purpose: To compare the visual and anatomical outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab combined with the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) and bevacizumab monotherapy in eyes with treatment-naive diabetic macular edema. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 41 eyes of 41 patients with diabetic macular edema who underwent either intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) (21 eyes, intravitreal bevacizumab [IVB] group) injection alone or simultaneous injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) and dexamethasone implant (0.7 mg) (20 eyes, intravitreal dexamethasone [IVD] group). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), intraocular pressure, and retreatment percentages were accessed 1, 3, and 6 months after injection. Results: At 3 and 6 months, the IVD group showed a significant improvement in BCVA compared to the baseline. Only a slight improvement in BCVA was observed in the IVB group during the initial 3 months; however, significant improvement was evident at 6 months compared with the baseline. During the first 3 months, the IVD group showed significant improvement in CMT compared with the IVB group; at 1 month after the initial injection, the CMT was 264.39 ± 54.95 μm for the IVD group versus 349.00 ± 112.18 μm for the IVB group (p = 0.011). At 3 months, the CMT in the IVD group had improved significantly compared with that of the IVB group (p < 0.001). The average number of additional intravitreal injections during the 6-month follow-up was 0.45 and 1.15 for the IVD and IVB groups, respectively. In the IVD group, cortical (7%) and posterior subcapsular (15%) cataracts developed by two grades or more during follow-up in phakic eyes. Conclusions In patients with diabetic macular edema, simultaneous therapy combining a dexamethasone implant plus bevacizumab showed significant improvement in CMT during the initial 3 months and the combined treatment group had fewer additional intravitreal injections.

Purpose: To compare the visual and anatomical outcomes of intravitreal bevacizumab combined with the dexamethasone intravitreal implant (Ozurdex®) and bevacizumab monotherapy in eyes with treatment-naive diabetic macular edema. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 41 eyes of 41 patients with diabetic macular edema who underwent either intravitreal bevacizumab (1.25 mg) (21 eyes, intravitreal bevacizumab [IVB] group) injection alone or simultaneous injection of bevacizumab (1.25 mg) and dexamethasone implant (0.7 mg) (20 eyes, intravitreal dexamethasone [IVD] group). Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), intraocular pressure, and retreatment percentages were accessed 1, 3, and 6 months after injection. Results: At 3 and 6 months, the IVD group showed a significant improvement in BCVA compared to the baseline. Only a slight improvement in BCVA was observed in the IVB group during the initial 3 months; however, significant improvement was evident at 6 months compared with the baseline. During the first 3 months, the IVD group showed significant improvement in CMT compared with the IVB group; at 1 month after the initial injection, the CMT was 264.39 ± 54.95 μm for the IVD group versus 349.00 ± 112.18 μm for the IVB group (p = 0.011). At 3 months, the CMT in the IVD group had improved significantly compared with that of the IVB group (p < 0.001). The average number of additional intravitreal injections during the 6-month follow-up was 0.45 and 1.15 for the IVD and IVB groups, respectively. In the IVD group, cortical (7%) and posterior subcapsular (15%) cataracts developed by two grades or more during follow-up in phakic eyes. Conclusions In patients with diabetic macular edema, simultaneous therapy combining a dexamethasone implant plus bevacizumab showed significant improvement in CMT during the initial 3 months and the combined treatment group had fewer additional intravitreal injections.

Bartonellosis is spotlighted recently as an emerging zoonosis and Bartonella henselae is reported to be the main infectious agent. In Korea, however, few studies have been made on the epidemiology and microbiology on bartonellosis. Thus, this study was conducted to produce a new monoclonal antibody that can be used for identifying B. henselae. In order to prepare monoclonal antibodies against B. henselae, we inoculated mice with the isolated strain from Korean patient and performed cell fusion experiment. The selected hybridoma clones produced monoclonal antibodies which showed positive immunofluorescence staining of bacteria and specific protein bands in western blot analysis. In order to examine whether these antibodies could be used for the identifying and quantifying Bartonella, we performed confocal microscopy and flow cytometry using the new antibodies. These monoclonal antibodies can be used as a useful tool in further researches on the biology of Bartonella.
Animals ; Antibodies ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; Bacteria ; Bartonella ; Bartonella henselae ; Bartonella Infections ; Biology ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Fusion ; Clone Cells ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Humans ; Hybridomas ; Korea ; Mice ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Sprains and Strains

PURPOSE: To compare 2 surgical techniques, endoscopic transnasal reconstruction and transcaruncular reconstruction in isolated medial orbital wall fractures. METHODS: This study included 79 isolated medial orbital wall fracture patients from January 2011 to December 2012 of Department of Ophthalmology, Inha University Hospital. The authors compared computed tomographic scans, diplopia, extraocular muscle (EOM) movements, and Hertel's exophthalmometer exams pre- and post-surgery. Thirty-five patients received endoscopic transnasal reconstruction and 44 received transcaruncular reconstruction. RESULTS: The 2 surgical methods showed no significant differences in primary gaze diplopia (p = 0.50), restriction of EOM movements (p = 0.48), remaining enophthalmos of more than 2 mm (p = 0.99), and improvement in enophthalmos (p = 0.07) when compared 6 months after surgery. Statistically significant differences were observed in peripheral diplopia (p = 0.04) 6 months after surgery. CONCLUSIONS: The 2 surgical methods present similar effectiveness in postoperative primary gaze diplopia, EOM restriction, and enophthalmos. With respect to postoperative peripheral diplopia, endoscopic transnasal reconstruction method showed advantages. The surgical method should be selected by comparing advantages and disadvantages.
Diplopia ; Enophthalmos ; Humans ; Ophthalmology ; Orbit*

This study measured the physical properties in bending of the rat femur and compression of the rat first tail vertebra subjected to deep freezing at -80 degrees C for 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 12 weeks and freeze drying. This study also measured the mechanical changes after in vivo allograft of fresh bone, deep freezing(2, 6, 12 weeks) and freeze drying. Analysis for deep freezing groups showed a mean 7.2% decrease in bending strength and 11.0% decrease in compressive strength when compared with the control group, but there was no statistical difference in the duration of deep freezing. The groups of in vivo graft after deep freezing showed 23.1% and 22.2% decrease in bending and compressive strength. There was no statistical difference in the duration of deep freezing. The freeze drying group showed a 9.7% decrease in bending strength and no significant difference in compressive strength. The group of in vivo graft after freeze drying showed a 30.1% and a 41.3% decrease in bending and compressive strength. The above results suggested that there would be some mechanical limitation in using freeze dried graft for supporting implants.
Animal ; Biomechanics ; *Bone Transplantation ; Bone and Bones/*physiopathology ; Femur/physiopathology ; *Freeze Drying ; *Freezing ; Postoperative Period ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spine/physiopathology ; Tail ; Transplantation, Homologous

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences in dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by comparing ocular surface status before and after wearing an orthokeratologic (OK) lens and rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens made of the same material. METHODS: The ocular surface and meibomian gland statuses of 12 eyes of 12 OK lens wearers (OK lens group) and 16 eyes of 16 RGP wearers (RGP lens group) were evaluated before and 1 and 3 months after lens wearing. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test I, and ocular surface staining score were evaluated for ocular surface parameters. Meibomian gland function was evaluated by assessing lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality. RESULTS: TBUT and ocular surface staining score after 1 and 3 months of wearing an OK lens were significantly aggravated (p= 0.004, p < 0.001). The MGD grade, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality were aggravated after 1 and 3 months of wearing an OK lens (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p= 0.002). After 1 and 3 months of wearing an RGP lens, OSDI, TBUT, and ocular surface staining score were aggravated (all p < 0.001). The MGD grade, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality were aggravated after 1 and 3 months of wearing an RGP lens (all p < 0.001). MGD grade, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality were significantly more aggravated in the RGP lens group than in the OK lens group after 3 months (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p= 0.001, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Use of OK and RGP lenses affects ocular surface status. Especially, meibomian gland parameters and OSDI showed greater changes in RGP lens wearers than OK lens wearers.
Meibomian Glands ; Tears

PURPOSE: To evaluate the differences in dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) by comparing ocular surface status before and after wearing an orthokeratologic (OK) lens and rigid gas permeable (RGP) lens made of the same material. METHODS: The ocular surface and meibomian gland statuses of 12 eyes of 12 OK lens wearers (OK lens group) and 16 eyes of 16 RGP wearers (RGP lens group) were evaluated before and 1 and 3 months after lens wearing. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI), tear film break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer's test I, and ocular surface staining score were evaluated for ocular surface parameters. Meibomian gland function was evaluated by assessing lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality. RESULTS: TBUT and ocular surface staining score after 1 and 3 months of wearing an OK lens were significantly aggravated (p= 0.004, p < 0.001). The MGD grade, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality were aggravated after 1 and 3 months of wearing an OK lens (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p= 0.002). After 1 and 3 months of wearing an RGP lens, OSDI, TBUT, and ocular surface staining score were aggravated (all p < 0.001). The MGD grade, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality were aggravated after 1 and 3 months of wearing an RGP lens (all p < 0.001). MGD grade, lid margin abnormality, meibomian gland expressibility, and meibum quality were significantly more aggravated in the RGP lens group than in the OK lens group after 3 months (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, p= 0.001, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Use of OK and RGP lenses affects ocular surface status. Especially, meibomian gland parameters and OSDI showed greater changes in RGP lens wearers than OK lens wearers.
Meibomian Glands ; Tears