OBJECTIVES: To calculate the likelihood ratios of incest cases using identity by descent (IBD) patterns. METHODS: The unique IBD pattern was formed by denoting the alleles from the members in a pedigree with a same digital. The probability of each IBD pattern was obtained by multiplying the prior probability by the frequency of non-IBD alleles. The pedigree likelihoods of incest cases under different hypotheses were obtained by summing all IBD pattern probabilities, and the likelihood ratio(LR) was calculated by comparing the likelihoods of different pedigrees. RESULTS: The IBD patterns and the formulae of calculating LR for father-daughter incest and brother-sister incest were obtained. CONCLUSIONS The calculations of LR for incest cases were illustrated based on IBD patterns.
Male ; Humans ; Incest ; Siblings ; Probability

OBJECTIVES: Freud said that the Oedipus complex is universal. Some psychiatrists in Korea have tried to discover the presence of an Oedipus complex in their traditional society. They have identified evidence of sons' wish to kill the Oedipal Father and their desire for incest with mother. Therefore, the author not only puts forth a variety of evidence for the Oedipus complex, but also lays an emphasis on other aspects of the principle(Oedipal theme, preoedipal theme, etc.) by investigating new information in Korean society. METHODS: The authors looked into myths, shaman's folksongs, legends, butcher's folktales, folk drama, filial piety, and traditional family structures. The authors reestimated them from a calssical psychoanalytic point of view. RESULTS: The authors found castration anxiety, the desire for incest, identification with parents, and the dissolution of the Oedipus complex as the Oedipal theme. And the authors discovered dyadic realtionship, 'anal phallus', negative Oedipus complex, and the desire of being in fusion with primary object as the preoedipal theme. CONCLUSIONS: The authors found many themes and factors connected to Oedipus complex influencing our culture and life. Therefore, the authors believe that there is an Oedipus complex in traditional Korean society.
Anxiety, Castration ; Drama ; Fathers ; Humans ; Incest ; Korea ; Mothers ; Oedipus Complex* ; Parents ; Psychiatry

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the demographic profile of the both the victims and perpetrators of incest as well as the circumstances surrounding the abuse.
METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive retrospective study of incest cases seen at the WCPU of VSMMC after getting permission from the WCPU Head and Medical Records Section of the said hospital while maintaining anonymity and after gaining the Ethics & Research Committee approval. The charts with incomplete data were excluded.
RESULTS: Ninety six charts were reviewed. Fifty one (53.13%) were in the age range of 11 - 15 years old with the youngest victim being only 3 years old and the eldest was 27 years old at the time of referral though the incest began when she was 10 years old. All the victims referred were female and 94 (97.92%) were children at the time of referral to the WCPU thus 53.13% had only attained an elementary education. Seventy one (73.95%) of the victims were not residents of Cebu City. Sixty one (63.54%) of the incest cases occured during the day between 12 noon till 559 PM. Two thirds (64 or 66.67%) of the incest cases occured within the victim's household and 72 or 75% of the abuse was done repeatedly. The abuse was usually reported after 72 hours in 69 of the cases (71.88%). There were 101 perpetrators wherein 99% were males. Forty nine (48.51%) were in the age range of 28-47 years old while there were 11 (10.89%) were in the 13-17 years age range. Majority (53 or 52.48%) had blue collar jobs while 43 (42.57%) were unemployed. All of the perpetrators were known to the victim with the ff distribution: almost half (47 or 46.53%) were fathers or stepfathers and the other half  (46 or 45.54%) were extended family members such as uncles (22 or 21.78%), first cousins (16 or 15.84%) and grandfathers (8 or 7.92%). There were 7 (6.9%) brothers and 1 (0.99%) sister who were also perpetrators of incest.
CONCLUSION: The demographic profile and circumstances surrounding the abuse were as expected with many coming from remote communities outside the city of Cebu that could possibly be the cause of delayed consultation at the WCPU despite laws that require reporting to the Department of Social Welfare within 24 hours.

Human ; Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; Incest ; Family Characteristics ; Child Abuse ; Social Welfare ; Medical Records ; Referral And Consultation

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to describe the demographic profile of the both the victims and perpetrators of incest as well as the circumstances surrounding the abuse.
METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive retrospective study of incest cases seen at the WCPU of VSMMC after getting permission from the WCPU Head and Medical Records Section of the said hospital while maintaining anonymity and after gaining the Ethics & Research Committee approval. The charts with incomplete data were excluded.
RESULTS: Ninety six charts were reviewed. Fifty one (53.13%) were in the age range of 11 - 15 years old with the youngest victim being only 3 years old and the eldest was 27 years old at the time of referral though the incest began when she was 10 years old. All the victims referred were female and 94 (97.92%) were children at the time of referral to the WCPU thus 53.13% had only attained an elementary education. Seventy one (73.95%) of the victims were not residents of Cebu City. Sixty one (63.54%) of the incest cases occured during the day between 12 noon till 559 PM. Two thirds (64 or 66.67%) of the incest cases occured within the victim's household and 72 or 75% of the abuse was done repeatedly. The abuse was usually reported after 72 hours in 69 of the cases (71.88%). There were 101 perpetrators wherein 99% were males. Forty nine (48.51%) were in the age range of 28-47 years old while there were 11 (10.89%) were in the 13-17 years age range. Majority (53 or 52.48%) had blue collar jobs while 43 (42.57%) were unemployed. All of the perpetrators were known to the victim with the ff distribution: almost half (47 or 46.53%) were fathers or stepfathers and the other half  (46 or 45.54%) were extended family members such as uncles (22 or 21.78%), first cousins (16 or 15.84%) and grandfathers (8 or 7.92%). There were 7 (6.9%) brothers and 1 (0.99%) sister who were also perpetrators of incest.
CONCLUSION: The demographic profile and circumstances surrounding the abuse were as expected with many coming from remote communities outside the city of Cebu that could possibly be the cause of delayed consultation at the WCPU despite laws that require reporting to the Department of Social Welfare within 24 hours.

Human ; Female ; Adolescent ; Child ; Incest ; Family Characteristics ; Child Abuse ; Social Welfare ; Medical Records ; Referral And Consultation

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify the rate of suicidal attempts, investigate difference of rate of suicidal attempts between students and delinquents, and examine correlation between personality, family dynamics, environment, and suicidal attempts among Korean adolescents. METHOD: Data were collected through questionnaire surveys. Internal consistencies for this questionnaire ranged from 0.63 to 0.88. The subject used in this study consisted of 922(delinquent : 367, student : 555), using the proportional stratified random sampling method. Statistical methods employed were Chi-square and t-test. RESULTS: 1) The rate of suicidal attempts were 10.8%, and the highest peak age of suicidal attempt was 17-18 year old (16.9%).2) Delinquents(19.6%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempts than students (5.1%). Among the students, girls (43.3%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempt than boys (19.1%). Whereas, boys (80.9%) showed a higher rate of suicidal attempt than girls (56.7%) among delinquents.3) Those who attempt suicide have more familial problem such as incest, psychosis, depression, attempted suicide, committed suicide, and alcoholism in their family. They also have more dysfunctional family dynamics, environment, and maladaptive personalities than non-attempters. CONCLUSIONS: Suicide and suicidal behaviors are multifaceted events. For suicide prevention, independent assessments of variables such as familial problems, personality, family dynamics, and environment must be considered.
Adolescent* ; Alcoholism ; Depression ; Female ; Humans ; Incest ; Psychotic Disorders ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Suicide ; Suicide, Attempted ; Tobacco Use Cessation Products