PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to level of satisfaction among mothers of preschoolers. METHODS: Participants were 359 mothers of firstborn healthy preschoolers. The questionnaires were collected from August 1 to November 21, 2012. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. RESULTS: The mean score for degree of mothers' parenting satisfaction was 5.94 out of 7. There were significant differences in the level of parenting satisfaction according to mother's job (t=2.48, p=.014), planned pregnancy (t=3.07, p=.002), number of children (t=2.22, p=.027), and parenting education (F=4.33, p=.005). The environmental variables of age of spouse (F=3.06, p=.048) and monthly income of the household (F=2.87, p=.036) also seemed to have an influence. Analysis of predictors such as the mother's job, planned pregnancy, parenting education, overall health problems, parenting stress, perception of emotional status and behaviors in children, age of spouse, and spouse's support explained 31.5% of the variance in mother's parenting satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The results suggest a need to develop nursing intervention programs for parenting stress reduction, and health programs for fathers to support mothers' child rearing.
Child ; Child Rearing ; Education, Nonprofessional ; Family Characteristics ; Family Planning Services ; Fathers ; Humans ; Mothers* ; Nursing ; Parenting* ; Parents* ; Spouses

No abstract available.

Purpose: It has been previously reported that breast tumor incidence, growth, and metastasis are stimulated by high-fat diet but reduced by caloric restriction. However, few studies have elucidated the effects of dietary change from a high-fat diet after breast cancer initiation. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to provide practical assistance to breast cancer prevention and management by investigating the effects of dietary change from a high-fat diet to normal diet on breast cancer growth and metastasis. Methods: The experimental animals were divided into 2 groups (high-fat diet control [HFC] group and diet restriction [DR] group) and consumed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. 4T1 cells were transplanted into subcutaneous fat or tail vein to measure the growth and metastasis of breast cancer. The HFC and DR groups continuously ingested either high-fat diet or AIG-93G diet for 5 weeks or 3 weeks, respectively. Cell proliferation and apoptosis markers from tumor tissues were analyzed by Western blot analysis. The data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 package program. Results: The results show that the DR group significantly reduced breast tumor initiation, growth, and tumor tissue weight compared to the HFC group. The DR group suppressed tumor growth by decreasing proliferation and inducing apoptosis through down-regulation of Bcl-xL and up-regulation of caspase-3 activity. Furthermore, the DR group significantly reduced numbers of metastasized tumors in lung tissues. Conclusion These results suggest that dietary change from a high-fat diet to normal diet decreased breast growth by reducing cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis and metastasis. Taken together, these results indicate that dietary change to a low-fat and balanced diet might suppress breast tumor growth and metastasis even after tumor diagnosis.

Functional interpretation of noncoding genetic variants associated with complex human diseases and traits remains a challenge. In an effort to enhance our understanding of common germline variants associated with lung cancer, we categorize regulatory elements based on eight major cell types of human lung tissue. Our results show that 21.68% of lung cancer‒associated risk variants are linked to noncoding regulatory elements, nearly half of which are cell type‒specific. Integrative analysis of high-resolution long-range chromatin interactome maps and single-cell RNA-sequencing data of lung tumors uncovers number of putative target genes of these variants and functionally relevant cell types, which display a potential biological link to cancer susceptibility. The present study greatly expands the scope of functional annotation of lung cancer‒associated genetic risk factors and dictates probable cell types involved in lung carcinogenesis.

Functional interpretation of noncoding genetic variants associated with complex human diseases and traits remains a challenge. In an effort to enhance our understanding of common germline variants associated with lung cancer, we categorize regulatory elements based on eight major cell types of human lung tissue. Our results show that 21.68% of lung cancer‒associated risk variants are linked to noncoding regulatory elements, nearly half of which are cell type‒specific. Integrative analysis of high-resolution long-range chromatin interactome maps and single-cell RNA-sequencing data of lung tumors uncovers number of putative target genes of these variants and functionally relevant cell types, which display a potential biological link to cancer susceptibility. The present study greatly expands the scope of functional annotation of lung cancer‒associated genetic risk factors and dictates probable cell types involved in lung carcinogenesis.

This review article presents an assessment of trends in statistical methods and an evaluation of their appropriateness in articles published in the Archives of Plastic Surgery (APS) from 2012 to 2017. We reviewed 388 original articles published in APS between 2012 and 2017. We categorized the articles that used statistical methods according to the type of statistical method, the number of statistical methods, and the type of statistical software used. We checked whether there were errors in the description of statistical methods and results. A total of 230 articles (59.3%) published in APS between 2012 and 2017 used one or more statistical method. Within these articles, there were 261 applications of statistical methods with continuous or ordinal outcomes, and 139 applications of statistical methods with categorical outcome. The Pearson chi-square test (17.4%) and the Mann-Whitney U test (14.4%) were the most frequently used methods. Errors in describing statistical methods and results were found in 133 of the 230 articles (57.8%). Inadequate description of P-values was the most common error (39.1%). Among the 230 articles that used statistical methods, 71.7% provided details about the statistical software programs used for the analyses. SPSS was predominantly used in the articles that presented statistical analyses. We found that the use of statistical methods in APS has increased over the last 6 years. It seems that researchers have been paying more attention to the proper use of statistics in recent years. It is expected that these positive trends will continue in APS.
Methods* ; Plastics* ; Surgery, Plastic*

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between macronutrient composition and metabolic syndrome (MetS) incidence in Korean adults. Data were obtained from a cohort of 10,030 members aged 40 to 69 years who were enrolled from the 2 cities (Ansung and Ansan) between 2001 and 2002 to participate in the Korean Genome Epidemiology Study. Of these members, 5,565 participants, who were free of MetS and reported no diagnosis of cardiovascular disease at baseline, were included in this study. MetS was defined using the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III and Asia-Pacific criteria for waist circumference. MetS incidence rate were identified during a 2-year follow-up period. Baseline dietary information was obtained using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between the quartiles of percentages of total calorie from macronutrients consumed and MetS incidence. In analyses, baseline information, including age, sex, body mass index, income status, educational status, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, and physical activity level was considered as confounding variables. Participants with the second quartile of the percentages of carbohydrate calorie (67%–70%) had a 23% reduced odds ratio (95% confidence interval, 0.61–0.97) for MetS incidence compared with those with the fourth quartile after adjusting for confounding variables. The findings suggest that middle aged or elderly Korean adults who consume approximately 67%–70% of calorie from carbohydrate have a reduced risk of MetS.
Adult* ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; Body Mass Index ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Cholesterol ; Cohort Studies ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Diagnosis ; Education ; Educational Status ; Epidemiology ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genome ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Logistic Models ; Middle Aged ; Motor Activity ; Odds Ratio ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Waist Circumference

One of the most common uses of osseointegration has been to supply patients with craniofacial defects with a bone-anchored epitheses (BAE). BAEs are usually used in the craniofacial defects such as congenital external ear anomalies or facial defects after cancer surgeries or trauma. We report a case of a 26 year-old woman with traumatic auricular amputation due to a traffic accident 4 years ago and a case of 23 year-old man with congenital ear deformity. They took osseointegrated implantations for an auricular prosthesis and are using it without complications. BAEs can be used with good functional and esthetic outcome for artificial auricular reconstruction.
Accidents, Traffic ; Amputation ; Congenital Abnormalities ; Ear ; Ear, External ; Female ; Humans ; Osseointegration ; Prostheses and Implants

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) and Onen grading systems for fetal hydronephrosis in prenatal ultrasound according to the level of experience of the examiner. METHODS: We reviewed the prenatal ultrasound images of 146 fetuses (292 kidneys) that were diagnosed as having hydronephrosis between January 2005 and December 2014. One expert and two trainees assessed the prenatal renal ultrasound images using the SFU and Onen grading systems. The three examiners independently assessed each ultrasound image with both grading systems and reassessed the same images after 7 to 14 days. Cohen's kappa statistic was used to estimate intra- and inter-observer reliability in prenatal ultrasound images according to training level. RESULTS: The intra-observer reliability of the SFU grading system (κ 0.873–0.945) showed almost perfect agreement and that of the Onen grading system (κ 0.749–0.913) showed substantial to almost perfect agreement. The overall inter-observer reliability of the SFU grading system (κ 0.620–0.825) showed substantial to almost perfect agreement and that of the Onen grading system (κ 0.618–0.724) showed substantial agreement. The weighted kappa value of inter-observer agreement was 0.223 to 0.400 for SFU grade 1 and 0.064 to 0.346 for SFU grade 3. For Onen grading, the inter-observer agreement was 0.012 to 0.214 for grade 2 and 0.193 to 0.334 for grade 3. CONCLUSION: Both the SFU and Onen grading systems showed good intra-observer agreement in prenatal ultrasonography. The inter-observer agreement was decreased in SFU grades 1 and 3 and Onen grades 2 and 3. Therefore, more focus should be given to SFU grades 1 and 3 and Onen grades 2 and 3 for trainees.
Fetus ; Hydronephrosis ; Ultrasonography ; Ultrasonography, Prenatal ; Urology