In order to investigate a hemodynamic complication associated with the resection of a large arteriovenous malformation, we planed the following experiment. We divided the left common caroted artery and the internal jugular vein for microsurgical anastomsis between the rostral carotid and caudal jugular vessel ends : the 2 remaining wessel stumps were ligated. This created an arteriovenous shunt with afferent flow from the contralateral caroted and the basilar artery and retrograde down to the carotid-jugular anastomosis. And then, we occluded the shunt vessels at the each stage of the first and fourth week after anteriovenous shunt. Forty adult cats weighing from 2.2 to 2.4kg were used in this study The animals were devided into 4 groups : group 1(acute occlusion-1 week after shunt, n=10), group 2(staged occlusion-1 week after shunt, n=10), group 3(acute occlusion-4 week after shunt, n=10), group 4(staged occlusion-4 week after shunt, n=10) respectively. The regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), cardiopulmonary function were measured in each animal group and also observed the response of the cerebral blood flow on induced changes of the blood pressure and the arterial bicarbonate. The arteriovenous shunt patency was evaluated by serial angiography. The results were as follows ; 1) Considerable increases in the mean arterial blood pressure(mABP) as well as bradycardia were observed in acute occlusion groups(group 1, 3). After induced hyercarbia, the increments of mABP in acute occlusion groups were less than staged occlusion groups, considerbly. 2) Significant decreases in the mean pulse rate were observed in acute occlusion groups. the mean pulse rate were the highest decrease in group 3. 3) The values of rCBF of left frontal cortex in acute occlusion groups were more greater increase than those of staged occlusion groups considerably. 4) After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups and increases of the rCBF were lowest in group 3 compared with the other groups. After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups and reductions of the rCBF were lowest in group 3 compared with the other groups. 5) After induced hypercarbia, considerable increases of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups. The rCBFs were the highest increase in group3 and lowest increase in group 2 compared with the other groups. After induced hypotension, considerable reductions of the rCBF were demonstrated in all groups. The rCBFs were the highest reduction in group 3 and lowest reduction in group 2 compared with the other groups. It might be infered from these results that patients with large arteriovenous malformations, particulary those with cerebral steal symptoms, are at risk to develp neurologic defictis related to perfusion breakthrough if their malformed vessels are abruptly removed, and staged or gradual occlusion of feeding arteries may prevent this potentially devastating complication.
Adult ; Angiography ; Animals ; Arteries ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Basilar Artery ; Blood Pressure ; Bradycardia ; Cats ; Heart Rate ; Hemodynamics ; Homeostasis* ; Humans ; Hypotension ; Jugular Veins ; Perfusion

No abstract available.
Dermabrasion* ; Eyebrows* ; Foreign Bodies* ; Foreign-Body Reaction*

The Author reports here the statistical observation of poliomyelitis from the 46 cases during a 3 month period (June, August, 1971) at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Korea General Hospital under the support of Shrine Club in Korea. The statistical results were as follows: 1. Among 46 cases, 30 were male, age of infection of poliomyelitis ranged from 2 month to age of five. The majority of cases were under the age of one and 95% of total patients were under the age of three. 2. Among 46 cases, 78.2% was not vaccinated fer poliomyelitis. The sequela of paralysis were more prevalent in this group. 3. tibialis anterior muscle and quadriceps femoris muscle were paralized predominently, 78.2% and 60.8% respectively. 4. Seventy eight and two tenth percent (78.2%) of patient seeked Chinese medicine practitionar with herb and acupunture, following paralysis, only 39.1% reported to the hospital and 4.4% did not see any treatment at all.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Paralysis ; Poliomyelitis ; Quadriceps Muscle

After the success of total hip replacement arthroplasty by John Charnley in 1962, it was well known fact that total hip replacement arthroplasty can be applied to degenerative arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, post-traumatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, even on the fused hip. However the old dislocated hip gives arise a few problem for its total hip replacement with the follwing causes:, 1. floor of the falad acetabulum is very thin and inadequate to receive a socket. 2. distorted anatomy of the acetabulum and proximal femur. 3. short and atrophic abductor mechanism. Total hip replacement arthroplasty could be successful for the old dislocated hip, if the adequate size of cup ard prosthesis are available and there is adequate length of the hip abductor. Preoperatively we can measure the size of the acetabulum and the distorted femur with roentgenogram. But it is not known how to measure or predict whether or not there is enough length of the abductor muscle mechanism preoperatively. Therefore the question arises how to measure or predict the length of the hip abductor in the old dislocated hip. Although this is a preliminary report, it is our feeling that the more the range of motion the hip has, the better the length of the hip abductor muscle. In our series acetabular socket can be positioned at the original site and the osteomized greater trochanter reduced to the femur easily in the cases more than 190 of total range of motion of the affected hips, The range of motion of the affected hip can be measured preoperatively.
Acetabulum ; Arthritis ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip ; Femur ; Hip ; Osteoarthritis ; Prostheses and Implants ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter*

In our time the parent's role is changing from sexually differentiated to androgynous pattern. Mother's interaction with infant includes caring and father's interaction especially have play. Father and mother share the caring and play because they have complementary nature. Infants have a tendency to show more positive responses to their fathers than mothers in play situations. For that reason we can help the promotion of father's interaction with his infant. through ascertaining patterns of father-infant play interaction. This study was to find out patterns of father-infant play interaction in order to improve the interaction between father and infant. Data was video-taped from 6 fathers and infants who were healthy and first-timed and 7-11 weeks old in their houses. I used Father-Infant Play Interaction Scale that was applied to father instead of mother as a care-giver. The scale was checked up by experts in this field for content validity and the reliability was 0.95 in this study. The results were as follows; 1. Father's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about infant's cue. The mean score was 33.16(SD, 9.11). This mean they come up to the standard level of responses about infant's cue. 2. Infant's play behaviors were the patterns of responses about father's cue. The mean score was 7.00(SD, 3.10). This means they get the higher level of responses about father's cue. 3. The patterns of simultaneous responses occurred together between father and infant. The mean score was 9.58(SD, 3.96). This means they reach the standard level of simultaneous responses between father and infant. 4. The patterns of interactional behaviors occurred interpersonally between father and infant. The mean score was 49.75(SD, 15.80). This means they interact on the standard level of play interaction. In view of the results father's play interaction seems to reveal an average level and play patterns are similar to mother's. In order to ascertain definitely patterns of father-infant play interaction we need further research which has more subjects and variables to have important effects.
Cues ; Fathers ; Humans ; Infant ; Mothers ; Pilot Projects* ; Child Health

This study is intended to comparison of the recent ideal number of children and artal approach for analyzing value system for children that form attitude affecting birth affecting birth control with earlier study conducted 10 years ago. In general the traditional fertility pattern of Korea may be considered as "early marriage and high fertility" backed by the confucian value system of a farming-oriented country. A selective attitude favoring sons contributes substantially to fertility. But Korea is now moving toward late marriage and fertility pattern. This has been due to the rapid introduction of western culture and a partial acceptance of western value systems, a relative weakening of traditional value systems, a gradual increase in infant and child survival rates through medicines, and a desire to avoid having too many children because of economic poverty. This study showed following results: Ideal number of sons and daughters in urban area was decreased by 0.2 respectively compared to earlier study. In rural area, the number of decrease of sons and daughters was 0.5 and 0.2 respectively. The conception concerning Happiness has changed to wealth from health in previous opinion. Regarding attitude toward having sons, 98 percent of them wanted to have sons positively, moreover 10 percent of them wanted two or more sons. Regarding reasons for the wanting sons, we see that line, are a principle concern of about 56 percent in both areas. The rate of dependence in old age was decreased conspicuously compare to previous study while the rate of holding rituals was increased remarkably in rural area. Among reasons for limiting family size, "for better living and for better education for their children were main reasons rated 46 percent in urban, 51 percent in rural area. The rates were not changed compare to previous study. Regarding attitude of those who have no son of children, the rate of re-marriage with second wife was decreased remarkably in rural area and the rate of living without special behavior for having son was increased compare to previous study.
Ceremonial Behavior ; Child* ; Contraception ; Education ; Family Characteristics ; Fertility ; Fertilization ; Happiness ; Humans ; Infant ; Korea ; Marriage ; Nuclear Family ; Parturition ; Poverty ; Spouses ; Survival Rate

No abstract available.
Urinary Bladder*

BACKGROUND: Reperfusion after brief periods within 20 minutes of myocardial ischemia can result in prolonged depression of contractile function without causing myocardial necrosis-myocardial stunning. It has been also demonstrated that low reflow phenomenon and the impairment of coronary flow reserve(CFR) can occur as the consequences of brief ischemia-reperfusion on the coronary vasculature. Although these vascular functional derangements may occur after various periods of ischemia, a 15-min episode of ischemia is known to be long enough to induce microvascular dysfunction and a briefer 10-min occlusion is not. Whether reperfusion after ischemia for 15-min or 20-min results in structural damage to the large and microvessels, as well as vascular function, and their relationship with contractile dysfunction, remains uncertain. PURPOSE: This study was performed to determine whether 1) c5-min and 20-min coronary occlusion followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion in vivo would result in injury of coronary vasculature, evident as functional and ultrastructural derangements, 2) there are any differences in the severity of vascular alterations by the duration of ischemic period, and 3) these vascular alterations relate to the regional myocardial dysfunction. METHODS: Open chest dogs underwent a 15-min(n=8) and 20-min(n=10) left circumflex coronary artery occlusion followed by reperfusion for 60 minutes. Coronary blood flow(CBF) was measured with electromagnetic flow probes. At 30 minutes and 60 minutes of reperfusion, CFR was determined after intracoronary acetylcholine(ACH, 0.01microg/kg), adenosine(ADE, 1.5microg/kg) and reactive hyperemia(RH) after 20 seconds coronary occlusion. Segmental LV function was assessed with % myocardial thickening and % endocardial wall motion by 2D echocardiography. The ultrastructure of epicardial artery and the microvessels in the endocardium was examined. RESULTS: Following reperfusion, increase in CBF and decrease in coronary vascular resistance in reponse to ACH, endothelium dependent vasodilator, was significantly impaired in both 15-min and 20-min occlusion groups. The CBF response to ADE, endothelium independent vasodilator, was intract in 15-min occlusion group, whereas significantly impaired in 20-min occlusion group. The CBF response to RH was significantly depressed in both groups. On ultrastructural examination, there was no evidence of injury in the microvessels of the subendocardium in all subjects. In the large epicardial arteries, the endothelium was damaged in all subjects and its severity was milder in 15-min occlusion group than those with 20-min occlusion. Furthermore, in 50% cases of 20-min occlusion group, the injury of superficial layer of medial smooth muscle was accompanied. There was no difference in the severity of segmental LV dysfunction between two groups, and there was no appreciable correlation between myocardial dysfunction and the depressed CBF responses to ACH, ADE and RH. CONCLUSION: 1) Reperfusion after occulsion for 15 minutes produced selective dysfunction and damage to the endothelium of epicardial artery, whereas those after 20 minutes significantly decreased coronary flow reserve and induced more pronounced damage to the epicardial artery, indicated that the severity of vascular alterations is determined by the duration of ischemic period even within 20 minutes. 2) These vascular derangements are not related to the severity of contractile dysfunction, suggesting that brief ischemia-reperfusion precipitates vascular stunning as an independent phenomenon of myocardial stunning.
Animals ; Arteries ; Coronary Occlusion ; Coronary Vessels ; Depression ; Dogs ; Echocardiography ; Endocardium ; Endothelium ; Ischemia ; Magnets ; Microvessels ; Muscle, Smooth ; Myocardial Ischemia* ; Myocardial Stunning ; Reperfusion* ; Thorax ; Vascular Resistance

No abstract available.
Ceramics* ; Metals*