Patterns of branches and distributions of left coronary artery in Korean adult hearts were observed at the viewpoint of newly edited Nomina Anatomica, and the results were as follows. The left aortic sinus had only one orifice in all cases. The left coronary artery had mural coronray in 65% of cases. Type 3 of ramus interventricularis anteror was most frequent. Ramus coni arteriosi from the left coronary artery was more underdeveloped than that from right coronary artery. Right anterior ventricular branch was absent frequently, but when it was present it was composed of 1-2 small vessels. The left anterior ventricular branch was composed 2-5. It was difficult to define diagonal branch, and was present in 90% of cases. Type 3 of ramus circumflexus was most frequent. The ramus artrialis anastomoticus was present in 90% of cases. The rami atrialis could be divided into anterior and posterior group and incidence was only 47.5% and 30% respectively. The ramus marginalis sinister was present in 77.5% of cases. The anterior and posterior ventricular branch was composed of 1-3 and 1-4 respectively. The ramus posterior ventriculi sinistri was present in 82.5% of cases. Based on these results, the author depict typical arrangement of the left coronary artery in Korean.
Adult ; Coronary Vessels* ; Heart ; Humans ; Incidence ; Sinus of Valsalva

No abstract available.
Obesity*

No abstract available.
Pancreatitis, Chronic*

Tension-type headache is now the term used to describe headaches that have previously been grouped under various ill-defined headings, such as 'tension headache', 'stress headache' and 'muscle contraction headache'. Tension-type headaches are characterized by a pain that is mild to moderate in severity, bilateral in distribution, pressing or tightening in quality, and are not accompanied by major systemic disturbances or neurological signs. Tension-type headaches, the most prevalent from of headaches, are differentiated as being either episodic or chronic, Very little research on this disease has actually been carried out, and knowledge about key pathophysiological issues, such as the nature and site of the noxious stimulus, is limited. As a result of this and the lack of scientific interest for this from of headache in the medical field, the treatment is non-specific. However, it is suggested that a peripheral mechanism of tension-type headache be involved in the episodic form, whereas a secondary central sensitization and/or an impaired supraspinal modulation of incoming stimuli be involved in subjects with the chronic from. While most people with tension-type headaches experience mild, infrequent episodes, so that they do not regard the headache as a disease, a monority have chronic and often daily symptoms. The understanding of the balance between peripheral and central components in tension-type headache may lead us to a better prevention and treatment of this most prevalent type of headaches. This article presents a review on the drug therapy of tension-type headaches in adults.
Adult ; Central Nervous System Sensitization ; Drug Therapy* ; Head ; Headache ; Humans ; Tension-Type Headache*

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There has been much need for standard normal values of echocardiographic indices in Korea. Echocardiography Council of the Korean Society of Circulation performed multicenter trial for estimation of normal values of echocardiographic indices. METHOD: In 19 university or general hospitals, echocardiographic specialists measured frequently used echocardiographic indices with the same method in healthy people. The measured indices were 36 items which involved M-mode, 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiographic parameters. All the results were recorded on video tapes and reviewed by the review committee. The results were included for analysis only if the review committee accepted them. RESULTS: Total 371 healthy people were included. There were 189 women. Their age ranged from 3rd decades to 8th decades. Complete measurement of all the indices was done in 225 people. Left ventricular wall thickness, aorta size, left atrial size and left ventricular mass in M-mode echocardiographic measurement changed significantly with the increase of age(p<0.005). In 2-dimensional echocardiographic examination, sinotubular junction diameter of the aorta, anteroposterior & superoinferior diameters of left atrium, both ventricular outflow tract diameter and main pulmonary artery diameter changed with the increase of age(p<0.01). Diastolic dysfunction became prominent with the increase of age in Doppler examination. CONCLUSION: We conclude that these data could be used as the standard criteria for echocardiographic examination in Korea. However, age factor should be considered when they are applied because many echocardiographic indices change significantly with the increase of age.
Advisory Committees ; Age Factors ; Aorta ; Echocardiography* ; Female ; Heart Atria ; Hospitals, General ; Humans ; Korea* ; Pulmonary Artery ; Reference Values* ; Specialization

No abstract available.
Primary Health Care*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Education, Medical* ; Licensure*

No abstract available.
Education, Medical* ; Licensure*