No abstract available.
Dentures* ; Mucous Membrane*

It is still not well documented what the basic roles for the regulation of renin secretion from the kidney take place. Since the early study on the renal ischemia for the production of hypertension was introduced, the renin-angiotensin system has been regarded as the possible pathogenetic mechanism for the renovascular hypertension. The renin-angiotensin system, however, could be activated by various stimuli, such as, the changes of intrarenal perfusion pressure, the load or concentriation of sodium at the sites of macular densa, the changes of the sympathetic nervous activity and the changes of potassium balance. To investigate the renin-angiotensin system and the influence of sympathetic nervous system on the regulation of renin secretion, the renovascular hypertension was induced in the dogs by constriction of unilateral renal artery, and the plasma renin activity was measured. The sodium load at the sites of macula densa was attained by furosemide, and then the activity of sympathetic nervous system was depressed by reserpine. The plasma renin activity was assayed by the method of Helmer and Cohn. By this bio-assay method, the plasma renin activity equivalent to 1 nanogram angiotensin-II can be measurable and the prepared plasma was found to have still vasopressor activity. The results observed in this experimental work are summarized as follows. 1. The blood pressure reached maximum on the 3rd postoperative day, and declined gradually to the level of preoperative day on the day of from the 6th to 12th day following constriction of renal artery. 3. The plasma renin activity was found to be well correlated with the increase of blood pressure, and then declined to its preoperative level with the reduction of blood pressure. It appears, therefore, that the renin-angiotensin system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of renovascular hypertension. 4. The urine flow rate in normal and reserpinized dogs was the same before administration of furosemide, but its rate was significantly increased in both groups after furosemide. The urine flow rate of reserpinized dogs, however, was significantly lower than that of the normal dogs during the first 5 minutes. 5. The urinary sodium excretion in normal and reserpinized dogs was significantly increased in both groups after administration of furosemide and there were no difference between the two groups. 6. The plasma renin activity of renal venous blood was significantly higher than that of femoral arterial blood in both groups before and after administration of furosemide. 7. The plasma renin activity of reserpinized dogs was significantly lower than that of normal dogs before administration of furosemide. After furosemide, however, the plasma renin activity was significantly increased in 30 minutes in both groups. This increase of plasma renin activity was less prominent in resepinized dogs than in normal. This results would suggest that the intrarenal mechanism regulating renin secretion also requires an intact sympathetic nervous system.
Animals ; Blood Pressure ; Constriction ; Dogs ; Furosemide ; Hypertension ; Hypertension, Renovascular ; Ischemia ; Kidney ; Perfusion ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Renal Artery ; Renin* ; Renin-Angiotensin System ; Reserpine ; Sodium ; Sympathetic Nervous System

Recent studies clearly demonstrated that the novel expression of LH gene in the rat testis, and suggested the local action of the LH-like molecule. The present study was performed to analyze the expression of the LH genes in the rat accessory reproductive organs. Expression of LH subunit genes in the rat uterus and epididymis was demonstrated by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and specific LH radioimmunoassay (RIA). The LHbeta transcripts in these organs contained the published cDNA structure, the pituitary type exons 1-3, which encoded the entire LHbeta/ polypeptide. Presence of the transcripts for the alpha-subunit in the rat reproductive tissues were also confirmed by RT-PCR. In the LH RIA, significant levels of LH were detected in crude extracts from the rat ovary, uterus and epididymis. The competition cuties with increasing amount of tissue extracts were parallel with those of standard peptide, indicating that the immunoreactive LH-like materials in these tissues are similar to authentic pituitary LH molecule. In rat epididymis, the highest amount of immunoreactive LH was detected in corpus area. Our findings demonstrated that the genes for LH subunits are expressed in the rat accessory reproductive organs, and suggested that these extrapituitary LH may act as a local regulator with auto and/or paracrine manner.
Animals ; Complex Mixtures ; DNA, Complementary ; Epididymis* ; Exons ; Female ; Lutein* ; Luteinizing Hormone* ; Male ; Ovary ; Radioimmunoassay ; Rats* ; Testis ; Tissue Extracts ; Uterus*

The objective of the study is to measure the changes in measles infection and measles vaccination rates for the past 10 years in a rural area, Kang Wha. The study population were the entire children who were born between 1971 and 1980 in three townships (Sunwon, Naegae, Buleun) in Kangwha Country. Two interview surveys were carried out during the 10 years of period, one in 1977 and the other in 1981. The data were collected by Family Health Workers through interview with structured questionnaires. The diagnosis of measles was mainly based on histories, symptoms and sign of the disease. If a mother had reported measles history of her child, a public physician reviewed and decided the final diagnosis of the reported case. A retrospective cohort observation was done in order to see the trends of measles infections and measles vaccinations. The major findings were as follows; 1. The 5 year prevalence rate of measles vaccinations was 51.3% between 1971 and 1975 and 71.9% between 1976 and 1980 respectively. The difference between two periods was statistically significant (P<0.05). The secular trend of measles vaccinations showed increasing tendency from 1971 to 1978 and since then kept maintained. 2. In the birth cohort analysis of measles vaccinations, the vaccination rate, in general, were higher in the later cohort groups than that of earlier cohort groups. 3. The 5-year experience rates for measles infections were 24.3% between 1971 and 1975 and 17.2% between 1976 and 1980 respectively. This difference was statistically significant(p<0.05). The secular trend of experience rates for measles infections showed decreasing tendency from 1971 to 1980 except an outbreak in 1976. 4. The birth cohort analysis of experience rates for measles infections showed that the rate was higher in the later cohort groups than that of the earlier cohort groups. This decreasing tendency was prominent between 1973-1974 and 1976-1977. 5. The distribution of age specific incidence rates for measles inflections showed unimodal curve with the peak at the age of 12 to 18 months. This finding were same in both two surveys. 6. Seasonal variations of the measles inflections showed two peaks, one major peak in March through May and the another minor peak in September through December. 7. The 5-year reduction rate for measles inflections among those vaccinated was 90.4% between 1971 and 1975 and 88% and between 1976 and 1980.
Child ; Cohort Studies* ; Diagnosis ; Family Health ; Humans ; Incidence ; Measles* ; Mothers ; Parturition ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Retrospective Studies ; Seasons ; Vaccination*

No abstract available.
HLA-D Antigens* ; Humans*

No abstract available.
Nutrition Policy*

No abstract available.
Aerospace Medicine* ; Aviation* ; Hungary*

This study relates to the problems of organizational performance in the Christian hospitals. In this study, quality of working life (QOWL), which harmonizes individual as well as organizational goals, was used as an indicator of organizational performance from the open systems view. In order to identify the behavioral factors influencing QOWL in hospitals, self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 1,926 employees who were randomly selected from fifteen Christian hospitals from August 1 to August 30, 1986. The following results were obtained: 1) All correlation coefficients between QOWL and behavioral variables were statistically significant even though their magnitude varied according to hospital size. 2) Using factor analysis, 32 variables were parsimoniously grouped into four factors: individual conflicts, group behavior, organizational characteristics and situation, and job characteristics. The proportion of variance explained by these factors ranged from 33.5% to 38.6% according to hospital size. 3) The overall effects of the four factors in the multiple logistic models ranged from 0.85 to 3.12 according to hospital size. Among three hospital models, the model for small hospitals showed the best statistical fit. 4) The most influential factor was organizational characteristics and situation with an odds ratio ranging from 1.99 to 3.02. Again, the odds ratio was the highest for small hospitals. 5) For large hospitals, the two main factor effects were statistically significant: organizational characteristics and situation, and job characteristics. For medium hospitals, all main factor effects except job characteristics were statistically significant. For small hospitals, all main factor effects except group behavior were statistically significant. However, a factor interaction effect was shown only for large hospitals where it was statistically significant. 6) To examine whether the four factors influence financial performance, the four factor scores from the two financial performance groups were compared using Mann-Whitney test. The test results showed that the organizational characteristics and situation factor score was significantly different only for small hospitals.
Health Facility Size ; Logistic Models ; Odds Ratio ; Organizational Objectives ; Surveys and Questionnaires

PURPOSE: This study is used to investigate the correlation among a stroke patient family's health, burden and quality of life. METHOD: Data was collected from one hundred twenty family care-givers registered at K and H Hospital in Seoul. Questionnaire data was drawn up by personal interviews aided by the staff nurses. The analyses of collected data are based on the rate of 100 percentage to the average, t-test, ANOVA, DMR, Pearson Correlation. Result: (1) The influential factors on physical health proved to be age, sex, academic career, matrimonial status, present occupation, economic situation, the relationship with the patient, the patient-caring term, and the family-formation. The psychological health issues were age, final academic career, matrimonial status, the relation with patient and the family-formation. Burdens were shown to be age, matrimonial status, the relation with patient, and the patient-caring term. The quality of life was determined by age, final academic career, matrimonial status, and the relationship with the patient, the patient- caring term, and the family-formation. (2) The rate of the physical condition was 2.87, the psychological condition 2.43, the sense of burden 3.08, and the quality of life was 2.42. (3) The rate of correlation between the burden and the quality of life was (r= -.547), the psychological health and the burden was (r= -.531), the physical health and the burden was (r= -.263), physical health and quality of life was (r= .301), psychological health, and quality of life was (r= .413). CONCLUSION: It follows from this study that there is a very close correlation among the stroke patient family's health, the burden, and quality of life. Therefore it is necessary that we should find various nursing intervention ways in order to mitigate the burden of family when caring for the stroke patients.
Humans ; Nursing ; Occupations ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Seoul ; Stroke*

BACKGROUND: Many studies have reported that high intraocular pressure (IOP), a well-known risk factor for glaucoma and especially primary open angle glaucoma, is associated with age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and obesity. We investigated the association between IOP and metabolic syndrome (MS). METHODS: We measured IOP and MS components according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III and the American Heart Association and the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute with modified guideline for waist circumference. High IOP was defined as > or =21 mmHg in one or both eyes. RESULTS: Looking at the components of MS in men, those with high blood pressure (BP) had significantly higher IOP. In regression analysis, fasting glucose, triglyceride, systolic BP and diastolic BP were positively, and age was negatively associated with IOP. In women, those with high fasting glucose and BP had significantly higher IOP. In regression analysis, diastolic BP, systolic BP, fasting glucose, body mass index and triglyceride were positively associated with left IOP while diastolic BP, fasting glucose and triglyceride were positively associated with right IOP. There were significantly increasing odds ratios for high IOP according to the number of components of MS. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that MS and its components are significantly associated with IOP.
Adult ; American Heart Association ; Blood Glucose ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Fasting ; Female ; Glaucoma ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; Glucose ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Intraocular Pressure ; Male ; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (U.S.) ; Obesity ; Odds Ratio ; Risk Factors ; Waist Circumference