Effects of oral estrogen (Tibolone) on the urinary symptoms and urodynamics parameters were assessed by a double-blind prospective trial in 24 postmenopausal women. Patients were assessed subjectively and objectively before and after treatment by symptom score change, urethral pressure profiles and uroflow. There was statistical difference in the subjective response (symptom score) to treatment between the two groups (p<0.001), there was no significant urodynamic changes (p> 0.05). Although there was no significant urodynamic changes, estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women was effective to improve urinary symptoms. Careful observation with periodic follow up will be needed because of possible harmful side effects of estrogen.
Estrogens* ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Prospective Studies ; Urodynamics*

The Authors recently experienced with a 11 years old female patient who had a cysticercus in her left inferior rectus muscle. Under the diagnosis of a conjunctival cyst, a surgical intervention was carried out. The microscopic studies revealed that as a cysticercus cellulosae. The post-operative outcomes are uneventful and the ocular functions are satisfactory, visual acuity and ocular motility as well.
Child ; Cysticercus* ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Visual Acuity

Primary hyperparathyroidism is not a rare disease, but only several cases have been reported in Korean literature. Recently, we experienced one case of primary hyperparathyroidism with hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, ureteral stones, skeletal abnormalities. We describe a case of primary hyperparathyroidism which was confirmed through the measurement of serum calcium and parathyroid hormone, neck CT scan, subtraction scan and surgical exploration The serum calcium and parathyroid hormone levels were normalized postoperatively.
Calcium ; Child* ; Humans ; Hypercalcemia ; Hypercalciuria ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary* ; Neck ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Rare Diseases ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ureter ; Urolithiasis*

The term Down's syndrome is preferred to mongolism. The most constant characteristic of disease is mental retardation. The incidence of Down's syndrome is about 1/600 in the general population, being roughly the same in various parts of world and in all races. The patient's mother's age at the same time of conception as well as the nature of chromosomalmalformation are in genetic counseling. We reported a case of Down's syndrome in 5 year old female who was bone in 38 year old mother, and she was noted epicanthus, nystagmus, esotropia, Brush-field spots. Other systemic manifestation-, Simian crease, short extrimites, inward curved 5th finger, Sandal gap foot, congenital heart disease, prominent abdomen-, was also noted.
Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Continental Population Groups ; Down Syndrome* ; Esotropia ; Female ; Fertilization ; Fingers ; Foot ; Genetic Counseling ; Heart Defects, Congenital ; Humans ; Incidence ; Intellectual Disability ; Mothers

Clinical Protocols ; Follow-Up Studies ; Genioplasty ; Humans ; Malocclusion ; Malocclusion, Angle Class III ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Osteotomy

Cleft Lip ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Intention ; Maxilla ; Mouth ; Orthognathic Surgery ; Orthopedics ; Palate ; Palate, Hard ; Palate, Soft ; Prosthodontics ; Rehabilitation

No abstract available.
Vascular System Injuries

Calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are very popular drugs to lower blood pressure (BP) without significant side effects. A 72-year-old man admitted for uncontrolled hypertension. He had history of hypertension, atrial fibrillation with slow ventricular response, angina, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and stage 3 chronic kidney disease. He had taken several anti-hypertensives, such as amlodipine 5 mg, perindopril 8 mg, and indepamide 1.5 mg. To control BP, nifedipine 120 mg was added. Then pulmonary edema and pleural effusion was developed. Echocardiography showed preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and mild mitral regurgitation. Fluid restriction and high dose furosemide did not cease pleural fluid accumulation. Thus a total of 4 times of thoracentesis were done and all fluid analyses revealed transudate. We thought that pleural effusion and pulmonary edema was induced by CCBs and discontinued the drugs. He recovered quickly and finally discharged in a stable condition.
Aged ; Amlodipine ; Antihypertensive Agents ; Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal ; Atrial Fibrillation ; Blood Pressure ; Calcium Channel Blockers* ; Calcium Channels* ; Calcium* ; Echocardiography ; Exudates and Transudates ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Mitral Valve Insufficiency ; Nifedipine ; Perindopril ; Pleural Effusion* ; Pulmonary Edema* ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic ; Stroke Volume

PURPOSE: This study examined the expression of clusterin and Ki-67 in human transitional cell carcinoma(TCC). In addition, the relationship of clusterin and Ki-67 expression with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis of human TCC was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 149 human TCC tissues were obtained from 149 patients who underwent a radical cystectomy(n=81) or transurethral resection(n=68). The expression of clusterin and Ki-67 was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. The results were evaluated with respect to the clinicopathological factors. RESULTS: Positive clusterin expression was observed in 21.1% of the total TCC tissues. The expression of clusterin was not significantly related to age, gender, tumor stage and grade. However, recurrence-free survival rate of the patients with positive clusterin expression was significantly lower than that of patients with negative clusterin expression(p=0.02). The expression level of Ki-67 in the TCC tissues was associated with the tumor stage(p<0.001) and grade(p<0.001), but not with age and gender. Furthermore, the recurrence-free survival rate of patients with strong Ki-67 expression was significantly lower than that of patients with weak Ki-67 expression(p<0.001). The expression of clusterin was not significantly related to the level of Ki-67 expression. However, in the patients showing strong Ki-67 expression, the recurrence-free survival rate of the patients with positive clusterin expression was significantly lower than that of the patients with negative clusterin expression(p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the expression of clusterin and Ki-67 can be used as a useful predictor of the prognosis of patients with human TCC.
Carcinoma, Transitional Cell ; Clusterin ; Humans ; Prognosis ; Survival Rate

PURPOSE: We present our initial experience and surgical outcomes for the most recent refinement of bilateral intrafascial nerve-sparing extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (nsELRP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among 62 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical prostatectomy, 50 patients underwent intrafascial nsELRP by a single surgeon at Pusan National University Hospital from November 2011 to April 2012. As part of the intrafascial technique, the dissection plane is directly on the prostatic capsule to preserve most of the periprostatic fascia containing small vessels and nerves, endopelvic fascia, neurovascular bundle, and puboprostatic ligament. Postoperative continence recovery was established by daily consumption of pads. Follow-up was done at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months after surgery. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 66.5+/-6.2 years. The mean operation time and mean blood loss were 149.3+/-28.1 minutes and 155.4+/-168.1 ml, respectively. The mean hospitalization time and mean catheterization time were 6.3+/-5.1 days and 5.5+/-4.7 days, respectively. Two weeks after the operation, a total of 14 patients (28.0%) were pad-free but the other incontinent patient group used on average 2.3 pads per day. After 6 weeks, 35 patients (70.0%) achieved pad-free status and 7 patients (14.0%) required more than 2 pads per day. At 3 months after surgery, a total of 31 patients were available for follow-up, and 26 patients (83.9%) were pad-free. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with conventional laparoscopic prostatectomy, the intrafascial nsELRP procedure enables the preservation of periprostatic structures that are essential to the recovery of surgical structures related to continence. As a result, early postoperative continence can be achieved.
Catheterization ; Catheters ; Fascia ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; Ligaments ; Prostatectomy