No abstract available.
Methods*

No abstract available.
Delivery of Health Care*

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Cause of Death* ; Korea*

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Fibronectins* ; Paraffin*

The role of physicians in reducing health inequity has been regarded only partial and anecdotal by most policymakers. Clinicians, primary care physicians in particular, do not have sufficient opportunities to be engaged in activities dealing with health equity. However, physicians are playing a key role in providing health care and health-related programs, usually interwoven with inequities in health and health care utilization. As a result, a more active role for physicians must be identified under the scheme of a comprehensive strategy in combating inequity in health. From the perspective of mediating factors linking social determinants of health and inequitable outcomes in health and health care, health behaviors, access, and processes of care are identified as potential areas for physicians' engagement. 'Health equity capacity' is emphasized as a cross-cutting tool to empower physicians to address inequity in their clinical practices. More broadly, practicing physicians are able to support their colleagues and communities through diverse activities and participation: technical assistance, research and education, community involvement, and advocacy. Among them, raising awareness and changing perceptions are indicated as crucial factors facilitating physicians' contribution to minimizing inequity.
Clinical Competence ; Delivery of Health Care ; Health Behavior ; Health Status Disparities ; Healthcare Disparities ; Humans ; Negotiating ; Physicians, Primary Care ; Professional Role ; Socioeconomic Factors

No abstract available.

A clinical observation was made on 150 patients of urolithiasis who admitted to the Department of Urology, National Seoul Hospital during the 5 years period from January, 1976 to December. 1980. The results were as follows; 1. The incidence of the patients with urolithiasis was 29.2% of the in-patients (513 cases) and male to female ratio was 2.75 : 1. 2. The great majority of urinary calculi occurred it patients between the ages of 21 and 40 (64.7%). 3. A seasonal occurrence was highest during summer on 34.0%. 4. The locational distribution of urinary calculi were 59.4% in the ureter, 28.8% in the kidney, 9.3 % in the bladder, and 3.3% in the urethra. 5. The most favored predilection site of ureteral stone was lower third in 57.3% of all cases. 6. The pyuria was showed in 66.7% and microscopic hematuria was revealed in 54.0%. 7. The clinical symptoms of upper urinary tract lithiasis showed flank pain in 82.4%, hematuria in 32.1%. nausea and vomiting in 25.2%, but, in lower urinary tract, frequency was 84.2%. hematuria and painful urination were each 63.2%. 8. The most surgical intervention was ureterolithotomy in 25.3%. 9. The results of chemical analysis of 76 urinary calculi showed the mixed type of calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate in 38.2% (29 cases), calcium phosphate in 18.4% (14 cases), calcium oxalate in 15.8% (12 cases), the mixed type of calcium phosphate and ammonium phosphate in 11.8% (9 cases) and calcium carbonate in 5.3% (1 cases). The major component of urinary calculi was calcium-phosphate oxalate.
Ammonium Compounds ; Calcium ; Calcium Carbonate ; Calcium Oxalate ; Female ; Flank Pain ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Incidence ; Kidney ; Lithiasis ; Male ; Nausea ; Pyuria ; Seasons ; Seoul ; Ureter ; Urethra ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Calculi ; Urinary Tract ; Urination ; Urolithiasis* ; Urology ; Vomiting

PURPOSE: To identify trends in patient satisfaction adjusted for sociodemographic factors and health status from 1989-2003. METHODS: Five repeated cross-sectional surveys were used. The study sample included 290,534 household members 20 years of age and over from the five survey periods of 1989, 1992, 1995, 1999, and 2003. Satisfaction was measured using a five-point scale, ranging from "very satisfied" to "very dissatisfied." Crude satisfaction rates, representing the proportion of patients satisfied (very satisfied or satisfied), were calculated for each survey period. Satisfaction rates adjusted for age, sex, marital status, education, and selfrated health status were calculated for each of the five years. RESULTS: Crude satisfaction rates increased from 15.4% in 1989 to 40.5% in 2003. The proportions of satisfaction and dissatisfaction were reversed after 15 years had passed. However, the satisfaction trend was not linear throughout the different years, with 1992 being the year with the lowest satisfaction rate (9.7%). These trends in crude rates did not change even after adjusting for patient characteristics. The odds of satisfaction in 1992 were 38% lower (odds ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.60 to 0.64) than the odds in 1989. In 2003, the odds of satisfaction were 4.01 times (95% CI 3.89 to 4.13) the odds for 1989. Older, female, married, and less-educated people were more likely to be satisfied. Patients who rated their health as "very good" had the highest satisfaction rate, and those with "neutral" health ratings had the lowest. General hospitals achieved substantial improvement whereas pharmacies became the lowest-rated of all institutions. CONCLUSIONS: The Korean health system has achieved better patient satisfaction rates over the past 15 years. Increased health expenditure, resources, and quality improvement efforts may have contributed to this progress.
Adult ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Health Status ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Patient Satisfaction ; Quality of Health Care/*trends ; Socioeconomic Factors

A clinical observation was made on forty-three cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy, admitted to the Department of Urology, National Seoul Hospital during the period from January 1, 1977 to December 31, 1980. The results were summerized as follows. 1. The incidence of benign prostatic hypertrophy was 10.9% to 396 total in-patients and 34.4% to male in-patients 50 years old or more. 2. Most of patients were in the 7th and 8th decades of life (83.7%) with a mean age of 73.5 years old. 3. The mean average hospital period was 12.4 days. 4. The mean period passed away from initial symptoms to visit was 2.8 years. Common symptoms and signs were frequency in 35 cases (81.4%), dysuria with small stream in 25 cases (58.1%), acute urinary retention in 23 cases (53.5%) and lower abdominal fulling sense and discomfortness in 13 cases (3.2%). 5. The mean volume of residual urine was 430ml. 6. Hematuria it 28cases (65.1%) and pyuria was revealed in 12 cases (27.9%). 7. I.V.P was performed in 34 cases and hydronephrosis was found in 5 cases (14.7%) and hydroureter in 4 cases (11.8%). Cystourethrography was performed in 31 cases, and elevated bladder base in 23 cases (74.2%) and trabeculation of bladder in 21 cases (67.7%). 8. Endoscopy was performed in 32 cases, The common findings were trabeculation in 28 cases (87.5%) and inflammations in 25 cases(78.1%). 9. Associated conditions with B.P.H. were hypertension in 6 cases (14.0%) and pulmonary tuberculosis in 5 cases (16.1%). 10. Management was done with retropubic prostatectomy in 16 cases, transurethral prostatectomy in 3 cases and suprapubic transvesical prostatectomy in 3 cases. 11. The mean weight of the removed adenoma was 34.2gm. 12. The mean duration of the indwelling catheter was 8.2 days. 13. The mean amount of transfused blood was 1. 78 pints. 14. Postoperative complications were urinary infection in lt cases (63.6%), temporary incontinence in 12cases (54.5%), epididymitis in 3 cases (13.6%), urethral stricture and rebleeding in each 2 cages (9.1%), delayed wound healing and pyrexia in each 1 case (4.5%). The mortality rate was 0%.
Adenoma ; Catheters, Indwelling ; Dysuria ; Endoscopy ; Epididymitis ; Fever ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Hydronephrosis ; Hypertension ; Incidence ; Inflammation ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mortality ; Postoperative Complications ; Prostatectomy ; Prostatic Hyperplasia* ; Pyuria ; Rivers ; Seoul ; Transurethral Resection of Prostate ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; Urethral Stricture ; Urinary Bladder ; Urinary Retention ; Urology ; Wound Healing