No abstract available.
Biological Clocks* ; Periodicity*

No abstract available.
Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders*

No abstract available.
Glycogen

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Basal Cell ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Nevus*

No abstract available.
Lymphangioma* ; Nipples*

To gain information on retrotransposons in the genome of Paragonimus westermani, PCR was carried out with degenerate primers, specific to protease and reverse transcriptase (rt) genes of long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposons. The PCR products were cloned and sequenced, after which 12 different retrotransposon-related sequences were isolated from the trematode genome. These showed various degrees of identity to the polyprotein of divergent retrotransposon families. A phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that these sequences could be classified into three different families of LTR retrotransposons, namely, Xena, Bel, and Gypsy families. Of these, two mRNA transcripts were detected by reverse transcriptase-PCR, showing that these two elements preserved their mobile activities. The genomic distributions of these two sequences were found to be highly repetitive. These results suggest that there are diverse retrotransposons including the ancient Xena family in the genome of P. westermani, which may have been involved in the evolution of the host genome.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Helminth/analysis ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *Genome ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Paragonimus/*genetics ; Phylogeny ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase/chemistry/genetics ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/*genetics

The evolutionary course of the CsRn1 long-terminal-repeat (LTR) retrotransposon was predicted by conducting a phylogenetic analysis with its paralog LTR sequences. Based on the clustering patterns in the phylogenetic tree, multiple CsRn1 copies could be grouped into four subsets, which were shown to have different integration times. Their differential sequence divergences and heterogeneous integration patterns strongly suggested that these subsets appeared sequentially in the genome of C. sinensis. Members of recently expanding subset showed the lowest level of divergence in their LTR and reverse transcriptase gene sequences. They were also shown to be highly polymorphic among individual genomes of the trematode. The CsRn1 element exhibited a preference for repetitive, agenic chromosomal regions in terms of selecting integration targets. Our results suggested that CsRn1 might induce a considerable degree of intergenomic variation and, thereby, have influenced the evolution of the C. sinensis genome.
Animals ; Clonorchis sinensis/*genetics ; DNA, Helminth/analysis/genetics ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Dosage ; *Genome ; Phylogeny ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase ; Retroelements/*genetics ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Terminal Repeat Sequences/*genetics

No abstract available.
Alopecia Areata ; Hepatitis, Chronic* ; Humans ; Interferons*

This study was carried out to know physical growth and development, physical and nutritional indices and body fat weight and so forth by semi-longitudinal research method to measure body height, body weight, chest girth and sitting height of 260 of general high school and 306 of vocational high school 3rd grade students who are living in Seoul and born from 1966 March 1st to 1967 Feb. 28th. The results are as follows; 1) Physical growth and development. Growth in terms of body height showed one step straight linear development, and that of body weight showed two step straight linear development in each section in high school. The age of cross over between two sexes of general high school students was between 10.6 to 12.3 years in body height, between 10.8 to 13 years in body weight, between 11.2 to 14.6 years in chest girth and between 10 to 13 years in sitting height. The age of cross over between two sexes of vocational high school students was between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body height, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in body weight, between 10.5 to 12.5 years in chest girth and between 10.5 to 12.5 years in sitting height. In this periods, female group was superior to male group and after that male group was superior to female group again. The growth of vocational school students was superior to that of general school students in both sexes in terms of body height and body weight significantly. 2) Physical growth and nutritional indices. In all cases of relative body weight, relative chest girth and relative sitting height, it was found to be increasing thereafter with advancing ages. In cases of R hrer index and Kaup index, it was found to be reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. In each case of Vervaeck and Pelidisi index, it was found to be increasing and reaching to normal state thereafter with advancing ages. 3) Total body fat by vital measuring method. Average values of body surface area, body volume and body density are measured indirectly by using the body height and body weight as Table 12, 13 and 14. The rate of body fat weight of general high school students was from minimum 11.96+/-3.53%(3.33+/-1.10 kg) to maximum 18.25+/-6.46% (9.08+/-2.01 kg) in male and from 25.88+/-3.62% (7.96+/-0.78kg) to 43.00+/-7.22% (12.91+/-1.21 kg) in female. The rate of body fat weight of vocational high school students was from minimum 11.20+/-2.88% (3.32+/-1.13kg) to maximum 17.16+/-5.88 (10.83+/-3.16 kg) in male and from minimum 25.11+/-2.26% (7.91+/-0.89 kg) to maximum 42.16+/-7.96% (13.22+/-1.75 kg) in female.
Adipose Tissue ; Adolescent* ; Body Height ; Body Surface Area ; Body Weight ; Female ; Growth and Development ; Humans ; Male ; Nutrition Assessment ; Nutritional Status* ; Seoul* ; Thorax

No abstract available.