To develop the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of type D simian retrovirus (SRV) infection, an oligonucleotide primer pair was designed to hybridize to the sequences within euv gene of SRV subtype 1 (SRV-1). The 3'proximal env sequences annealing to the primers had been rather conserved among three different subtypes of SRV, SRV-1, SRV-2, and SRV-3 (Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus: MPMV). The PCR using the primer pair targetingan an env region the successfully detected and amplified all three subtypes of SRV with excellent specificity after single round of reaction. The tests with peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected either with simian immunodeficiency virus or simian T-lymphotropic virus type 1, maior immunosuppressive viral agents together with SRV in simian, verified the specificity of the PCR by excluding any cross reactivity. Semiquantitative titration PCR, amplifying serially diluted plasmid DNA of each subtype, was performed to evaluate sensitivity limits of the reaction. Based on molecular weight of each cloned SRV genome, the PCR should be able to detect one SRV-infected cell per more than 5-7x104 uninfected cells after simple ethidium bromide staining of resulting products. The PCR must be very efficient screening sisters with its quickness, certainty, and sensitivity for SRV-infected animals used in human AIDS research model. Second round amplification of the reaction products from the first PCR, or Southern hybridization by radiolabeled probes shall render to compete its efficacy to ELISA which has been the most sensitive technique to screen SRV infection but with frequent ambiguity problem.
Animals ; Betaretrovirus* ; Clone Cells ; DNA* ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Ethidium ; Genome ; Haplorhini ; Humans ; Mason-Pfizer monkey virus ; Mass Screening ; Molecular Weight ; Plasmids ; Polymerase Chain Reaction* ; Retroviruses, Simian ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Siblings ; Simian Immunodeficiency Virus

No abstract available.
Gyeongsangbuk-do* ; Prospective Studies*

Colorectal cancer is the 4th most common cancer occurring in Korea, exceeded in frequency by stomach, liver, and lung cancer. It is also the 4th leading cause of cancer death in Korea. The incidence of the colorectal cancer in Korea is increasing gradually and continuously for the recent several decades. The etiology of carcinoma of the colon and rectum remains unclear. However, many studies have suggested a correlation between colorectal cancer and dietary factors such as excessive intake of animal fat, protein, and refined carbohydrates, and less intake of vegetable fiber. There are also a number of diseases with hereditary predisposition to colorectal cancer. Those are familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), Peutz Jeghers syndrome, and juvenile polyposis. The clinical features of colorectal cancer are varied and nonspecific. The symptoms that most often prompt patients to seek medical attention include rectal bleeding, a change in bowel habit, and abdominal pain. Whether a patient has any noticeable symptoms or what form the symptoms take depends somewhat on the location of the tumor and the extent of disease.
Abdominal Pain ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Animals ; Carbohydrates ; Colon ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver ; Lung Neoplasms ; Mortality ; Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome ; Rectum ; Stomach ; Vegetables

The hemangioma of bone is a benign lesion that slowly resorbs bones and is defined as a hamartoma. It develops frequently in vertebrae and skull and rare in short tubular bone. A case which occurred in calcaneus is reported here. The patient is 20 year old volley ball player. She had been suffered from intermittent dull pain on left heel and slight swelling for one month. X-ray showed well circumscribed an oat sized radiolucent lesion. Radical curettage and chip bone graft was performed. Pathology confirmed capillary hemangioma by histological examination. At post-operative 3rd month, grafted bone appeared well homogenized with host bone and no pain was complained in daily life.
Avena ; Calcaneus ; Curettage ; Hamartoma ; Heel ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Humans ; Pathology ; Skull ; Spine ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Helicobacter pylori* ; Helicobacter*

The diaphragmatic injury results from blunt or penetrating thoracoabdominal trauma. The diagnosis of diaphragmatic injury is difficult in the immediate postinjury period and is often delayed by late visceral herniation. Accurate diagnosis of diaphragmatic injuries is important, because overlooked and delayed diagnosis commonly lead to incarceration and strangulation of bowel. Despite of various diagnostic methods, the diagnosis is often missed and delayed. The development of video-assisted thoracoscopy can make it possible to diagnose the diaphragmatic injury safely and accurately. We experienced two cases of diaphragmatic injuries diagnosed by thoracoscopy. In first case, We found the rupture of the right diaphragm with herniation of liver in a 33-year-old female by thoracoscopic examination. She had visited Emergency Room, complaining of abdominal and pelvic pain and mild dyspnea after traffic accident. Chest X-ray showed elevation of the right hemidiaphragm. Chest CT and ultrasonogram revealed no abnormality except for diaphragmatic elevation. Another case was a 24-year-old female with laceration of diaphragm by stab wound on the left lower chest. With suspicion of diaphragmatic injury, thoracoscopic examination was performed. Both patients were successfully treated by a repair of injured diaphragm by approach via thoracotomy. The postoperative courses were uneventful.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adult ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Diagnosis ; Diaphragm ; Dyspnea ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Female ; Humans ; Lacerations ; Liver ; Pelvic Pain ; Rupture ; Thoracoscopy* ; Thoracotomy ; Thorax ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Ultrasonography ; Wounds, Stab ; Young Adult

Scute/larisa baica/ensis (SB) has been used as a folk medicine for curing ulcer, inflammation and infection. However, surprisingly little has been done to develop and exploit SB's immunomodulating, anti- inflammatory properties. Moreover, the mechanisms of SB-action on immune function had not been elucidated. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of 5B on immune functions, microbial growth and bacterial mutagenicity. Boiling water extract of SB was used in this experiment. The proliferation response to PHA-, Con A- or LPS-stimulation and the production of Con A-induced IL-2 and LPS-induced IL-6 of splenocytes from SB-pretreated mice were significantly higher than those of splenocytes from control mice. Daily single injection of 2 mg/mouse SB for 4 days resulted in enhancement of Arthus reaction and DTH to SRBC. And these enhancements were more prominent when SB was treated prior to SRBC- sensitization. SB did inhibit the growth of microorganisms such as C. albicans, C. neoformans, E. coli S. typhimurium and this inhibiting effect was gradually increased in proportion to the increment of SB. SB also remarkably reduced the mutagenicity of mutagens such as sodium azid and benzo[a]pyrene, but this was not certain, because it showed a killing effect on the cell survival test. When SB treated mice were i.p infected with C. albicans, the number of microorganisms in the peritoneal exudates were significantly reduced. Taken together, these results revealed that SB itself has not only multiple effects on events controlling immune responses but also anti-inflammatory properties, which may provide the rational basis for their therapeutic use as one of the biological response modifiers.
Animals ; Arthus Reaction ; Cell Survival ; Exudates and Transudates ; Homicide ; Immunologic Factors ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-2 ; Interleukin-6 ; Medicine, Traditional ; Mice ; Mutagens ; Scutellaria baicalensis* ; Scutellaria* ; Sodium ; Ulcer ; Water

In clinical practice, creatinine clearance (Ccr) remains the most commonly used laboratory assessment of glomerular function despite methodological and technical problems of urine collection. Schwartz et al. in 1976, reported that an accurate estimate of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) could be obtained from the simple determinations of plasma creatinine (Per) and body length (L): GFR (ml/min/1.73m2)=kL (cm)/Per (mg/100 ml), (k=constant). The subject of this study were 81 children admitted to our pediatric department from July, 1985 to June, 1987 and they were divided into three groups; group I, from 1 to 5 years old, group II, from 6 to 10 years old, group III, from 11 to 15 years old. The results were as following: 1) Measured creatinine clearance Ccr(M), ml/min/1.73m²) were 109.73±9.97 in group I, 108.26±9.02 in group II, 96.20±4.72 in group III and 105.48±5.23 in all age group. 2) Measured k(k(M)) obtained from CcrM=k Ht/Pcr were 0.49±0.03 in group I, 0.48±0.02 in group II, 0.43±0.02 in group III, and 0.47±0.02 in all age group (Ht; height). 3) Linear equations and correlation coefficient between Ht/Pcr (x) and Ccr (y) were y=0.82x-65.63 (r=0.99) in group I, y=0.61x-23.46(r=0.72) in group II, y=0.18x+54.44 (r=0.54) in group III and y=0.58x-22.13 (r=0.81) in all age group. 4) Ccr(E) was again estimated from linear equations between Ht/Pcr and Ccr(M) and k(E) was calculated with Ht/Pcr and Ccr(E) were 0.48±0.01 in group I, 0.49±0.01 in group II, 0.43±0.01 in group III and 0.47±0.00 in all age group. 5) Consistent values of k(E) and k(M) were highly significant as 95~97.5% in group I and II, 90~95% in group III and 97.5~99% in all age group. In summary, we could estimate GFR with height, plasma creatinine and measured k(k(M)) according to the age in easy and rapid way.
Child* ; Creatinine* ; Glomerular Filtration Rate* ; Humans ; Plasma* ; Urine Specimen Collection

Colorecal cancer undergo relatively long preneoplastic processes before being invasive. Fecal occult blood test (FOBT) has been a useful tool to detect the advanced colorectal cancers with cost-effectiveness. However, the patient’s compliance to FOBT was poor because of low sensitivity and annual sampling. The sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy have the ten-year preventive effect for the advanced cancer. Recently the DNA stool test for detection of mutations has showed excellent sensitivity and specificity. It has several adventages such as collection of samples and automated analysis. Virtual colonoscopy, especially CT colonograpy, can be a viable option for the colorecal cancer screening. In November 2001, the Korean Society of Coloproctology (KSCP) and the Natinal Cancer Center (NCC) developed the guidelines on screening and surveillance for early detection of colorectal cancers in Korea. Average-risk men and women should start colonoscopic examination with a 10-year interval at the age of 50. Individuals with increased risk such as those with a family or personal history of colorectal cancer or colorectal adenomas, or family history of familial adenomatous polyposis, hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer should consult their surveillance to the specialty-physicians. The ideal screening tools may change by age.
Adenoma ; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli ; Colonography, Computed Tomographic ; Colonoscopy ; Colorectal Neoplasms* ; Compliance ; DNA ; Early Detection of Cancer ; Female ; Humans ; Korea ; Male ; Mass Screening* ; Occult Blood ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Sigmoidoscopy

No abstract available.
Heart Defects, Congenital*