Programmed cell death (PCD), or apoptosis, plays an important role in embryonic development, metamorphsis, hormone-dependent atrophy and tumor growth, as a physiological event regulating the cell number or eliminating damaged cells. Currently hybridoma cell production, resulting from the fusion of myeloma cells with antibody producing spleen cells, is widely used in various fields of life science. This technique requires a hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) deficient mutant myeloma cell line as a fusion partner. When these rnutant cells are treated with aminopterin plus hypoxanthine-thymidine (HAT) after the cell fusion they are selectively and efficiently eliminated so that one could get only fused hybridoma cells. But there hasn't been any report regarding this selective elimination mechanism of HGPRT mutant myeloma cell. By using HGPRT myeloma V653 as a model system this study demonstrated that PCD was induced by aminopterin treatment of this V653 cell. And this PCD was further characterized by cotreatement of cycloheximide, actinomycin-D, and calcium ionophore A23187 together with aminopterin. The apoptotic endonuclease involved in this PCD process was also detected and characterized. When V653 cells were incubated for the various periods of time in the presence of 0.4 uM aminopterin, the viability was continued to decrease until 48 hours of aminopterin treatment and there was no viable cell affer 36 hours of incubation. DNA fragmentation was detectable 3 hours of incubation and peaked between 12 and 18 hours of aminopterin treatment. The induction of cell death and DNA fragmentation of V653 cells by aminopterin were inhibited by protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide, and RNA synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin-D and maximal inhibitory effects on cell death were seen at concentrations of 2 ug/ml and 0.5 uM, respectively. Ca2+ ionophore A23187 promoted aminopterin-induced cell death of V653. When the cells were coincubated with A23187 in the presence of aminopterin, cell viability was remarkably decreased at concentrations of more than 2 uM and DNA fragmentation was increased at concentrations of more than 0.2 uM. A23187 also induced cell death when the cells were treated with A23187 alone. When endogenous endonuclease activities of nuclei isolated from intact healthy cells and aminopterin-treated cells were compared for four different conditions, there were notable increases in the Ca2+/Mg2+ -independent and the Mg2+ -dependent endonuclease activity after incubation with aminopterin for 12 hours. In northern blot analysis, induction of c-myc gene was observed in aminopterin-treated V653 cell reached peak at 2 hours and thern decreased drastically.
Aminopterin* ; Animals ; Apoptosis* ; Atrophy ; Biological Science Disciplines ; Blotting, Northern ; Calcimycin ; Calcium ; Cell Count ; Cell Death ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; Cycloheximide ; DNA Fragmentation ; Embryonic Development ; Female ; Genes, myc ; Guanine ; Hybridomas ; Hypoxanthine ; Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase ; Mice* ; Pregnancy ; RNA ; Spleen ; Transferases

BACKGROUNDS: As the lifetime is prolonged, the chances of operation of elderly people are increased concomitantly. In general, elderly patients have more frequent and severe psychiatric problems as depression and cognitive dysfunction than young patients. But, the prevalence rate of depression and cognitive dysfunction pre and postoperatively is known a little. Also, the delirium which makes the surgeon embarrassed is high in dementia and elderly patients even diagnosed normally preoperatively. We tried to know how many elderly people has depression and cognitive dysfunction pre and postoperatively, also how many elderly patients become delirious postoperatively. METHOD: We obtained questionnaires from 100 elderly patients(mean age 75.0) undergoing operation pre and postoperatively. We used Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire(SPMSQ) which calculated the wrong answer for the fact to evaluate the cognitive dysfunction and short version of Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) which calculated the wrong answer defined previously to study the depression. The depression was suggestted if GDS score was above 6 and cognitive dysfunction was suggested if SPMSQ score was above 3. The dementia and postoperative delirium patients were diagnosed and managed by the psychiatrist and the operator. RESULTS: Pre and postoperative mean score of GDS was 10.1 and 9.5 respectively. Pre and postopera- tive incidence of depression was 65% and 67% respectively. Pre and postoperative mean errors of SPMSQ was 6.5 and 6.7 respectively. Pre and postoperative incidence of cognitive dysfunction was 30% and 31% respectively. The dementia patients were ten. The postoperative delirium patients were six. Three of them were dementia patients diagnosed preoperatively and the others had non-cognitive dysfunction preoperatively. CONCLUSION: The incidence of depression and cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients is relatively high. And the postoperative delirium is high in dementia patients. Even the patients diagnosed non- cognitive dysfunction preoperatively have high incidence rate than young people. So, we must do critical care with elderly patients pre and postoperatively and know the appropriate management of depression and cognitive dysfunction to prevent prolonged hospitalization, poor quality of life and conflict with patient`s family.
Aged ; Critical Care ; Delirium ; Dementia ; Depression* ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; Prevalence ; Psychiatry ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Upper Extremity*

No abstract available.
Fetal Blood* ; Stem Cells*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

Statistical observation was made on 58 inpatients in the department of Urology, National Police Hospital during the period of 4 years and 10 month starting from January 1, 1971 to October 31, 1975.
Humans ; Inpatients ; Pediatrics ; Police ; Urologic Diseases* ; Urology

Health care workers are exposed to a small risk of being infected with HIV as a result of occupational exposures. The risks for occupational transmission of HIV vary with the type and severity of exposures. The average risk for HIV transmission after a percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood has been estimated to be approximately 0.3%. Health care workers can minimize their risk of occupational HIV infection by following universal precautions, ensuring timely postexposure management, and considering the administration of postexposure prophylaxis.
Collodion ; Delivery of Health Care ; HIV ; HIV Infections ; Occupational Exposure ; Universal Precautions

No abstract available.
Dental Impression Materials ; Knee