During last decade especially after Korea-war a large number of new preparations have been added to our every day practice for this it seems very interesting to know the therapeutic habits of korean ophthalmologist today. As its test case, a questionaire about senile cataract extraction which they usuallyprescribed was circulated, and seventy questionaires were maled out. (1) in the culture from conjuctiva, the large number of ophthalmologist, 72%, do not or can not do because of having no such equipment or of thinking no necessary. (2) in the properative use use of mydriatics, 32% of ophthalmologists used Homatropine of atropine just before operation, and it is very interesting to note that 24% of them used Homatropine the day before operation. (3) in the akinesia, 40% of ophthalmologists ussed Van Lint or modified Van Lint type akinesia, and only 8% of them used O Brien type. (4) in the bridle or stay suture, 80% of them usually used and 20% used sometimes. (5) in the retrobulbar injection 70% of them usually prescribed, and 16% sometimes 20 of them have the experience of intraorbital hemorrhage after such injection. (6) in the corneoscleral suture, 84% of the them used such suture, and majority of them sutured 3 places, 10, 12 and 2 o'clock position and also large number of them used Mc lean type suture. (7) in the corneoscleral incision, 76% of ophthalmologist, used keratome and scissor, and also 16% used Graefes knite, and only 8% of them used Bardparker knife because of only economical reasons. (8) About iridectomy, 60% of them used perpheral button hole iridectomy and 20% used peripheral iridotomy. (9) in the lens extraction, 72% of them used intracapsular extraction including one loop extraction and majority of them used such technique since last several years. (10) After lens extraction, 52% of them injected air in the anterior chamber, and 20% used normal saline. (11) After operation, 32% of ophthalmologists employed steroid therapy and just same percent of ophthalmologists did not employed such therapy because of delayed wound healing. 36% of them gave no answeres. (12) When found binocular cataracts, 60% of them operated both in same time only because of economical reasons, and 40% of them operated seperately, because it gave too much stress to the patient physically or mentaly, and also it is safety.
Anterior Chamber ; Atropine ; Cataract Extraction ; Cataract* ; Hemorrhage ; Humans ; Iridectomy ; Korea* ; Male ; Mydriatics ; Sutures ; Telescopes ; Thinking ; Wound Healing

No abstract available.
Dyslipidemias*

No abstract available.
Fluid Therapy*

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Mouth*

No abstract available.
Barium* ; Enema* ; Intussusception*

No abstract available.
Animals ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group* ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus* ; Female ; Humans* ; Ovary*

No abstract available in English.
Femur

Calf diarrhea is a commonly reported disease in young animals, and still a major cause of productivity and economic loss to cattle producers worldwide. In the report of the 2007 National Animal Health Monitoring System for U.S. dairy, half of the deaths among unweaned calves was attributed to diarrhea. Multiple pathogens are known or postulated to cause or contribute to calf diarrhea development. Other factors including both the environment and management practices influence disease severity or outcomes. The multifactorial nature of calf diarrhea makes this disease hard to control effectively in modern cow-calf operations. The purpose of this review is to provide a better understanding of a) the ecology and pathogenesis of well-known and potential bovine enteric pathogens implicated in calf diarrhea, b) describe diagnostic tests used to detect various enteric pathogens along with their pros and cons, and c) propose improved intervention strategies for treating calf diarrhea.
Animals ; Cattle ; *Cattle Diseases/diagnosis/drug therapy/microbiology/prevention & control ; Diarrhea/diagnosis/microbiology/prevention & control/*veterinary

The significance of Scotch-tape anal swab technique was evaluated in three communities of Korea, one in orphanage institute and two in rural populations, from November to December, 1975. Based on the epidemiological concept that the prevalence rate of Enterobius vermicularis infection in a community as "the proportion in the population who harboured E. vermicularis at certain point of time", the present authors treated the whole surveyed population with pyrantel pamoate disregard to the results of Scotch-tape anal swab and collected pinworms expelled in stool specimens during 2 consecutive days after the chemotherapy. Although the present authors could not collect the younger adult worms less than 3.54 mm in length after chemotherapy, the positive rates of pinworm collection in three surveyed communities were 80.6%, 92.5% and 91.4% respectively whereas the positive rates of single Scotch-tape anal swab were 52.4%, 53.6% and 57.1% respectively. These results denote that results of single anal swab do not represent the prevalence rate of Enterobius infection in a community. The results of successive two anal swabs and estimation of positivity in a population using Neyman's "Best asymptotically normal estimate" revealed 62.9% in the third trial group of this study and probability of finding eggs in single slide was 0.869. Comparing with the pinworm collection rate after the chemotherapy in this group the estimated positive rate was by far lower than that of pinworm collection(89.3%). The positive results of single anal swab did not correspond to the pinworm collection in average 9.1% of anal swab positive cases and the negative results did not correspond to pinworm collection in 81.3% of anal swab negative cases, when the data from three surveyed communities were amalgamated. These results must come from the principle of anal swab that detect the terminated parasitism. With rare exceptions, the anal swab negative cases harbour relatively fewer number of Enterobius than those of positive cases. And the mean number of E. vermicularis collected from anal swab negative cases was 9.1 whereas the number in anal swab positive cases was 31.5. By analyzing the data on the relationship between bathing interval and anal swab positive conversion, it was assumed that the positive rate of anal swab in a community represent the rate of appearance of gravid female Enterobius vermicularis through anus during approximately past two days prior to examination.
parasitology-helminth-nematoda ; Enterobius vermicularis ; chemotherapy ; pyrantel pamoate ; diagnosis

STUDY DESIGN: A case report is presented of destructive lesion involuting intervertebral disc space and adjoing vertebral bodies in association with ankylosing spondylitis. OBJECTIVE: To report unusual clinical and radiological presentation of spondylodiscitis and its treatment wi th anterior interbody fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Althought there is some mention in the literature of pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of spondylodiscitis in ankylosing spondylitis, we think that its occurrence is frequent enough to warrant this condition and we should differentiate it from other infectious or tumorous condition. RESULTS: Anterior debridement and anterior interbody fusion with structural bone graft were performed. The microscopic study showed nonspecific chronic inflammation and extensive necrosis. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that primary spondylodiscitis or pseudoarthrosis resulted from mechanical trauma be related to this condition rather than infectious spondylitis.
Debridement ; Diagnosis ; Discitis ; Inflammation ; Intervertebral Disc ; Necrosis ; Pseudarthrosis ; Spondylitis ; Spondylitis, Ankylosing* ; Transplants