No abstract available.
Animals ; Estrous Cycle* ; Mice* ; Pituitary Gland, Anterior* ; Prolactin*

No abstract available.
Female ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone* ; Humans* ; Immunohistochemistry* ; In Situ Hybridization* ; Ovary* ; RNA, Messenger*

No abstract available.
Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast*

No abstract available.
Colorectal Neoplasms*

No abstract available.
Oropharynx* ; Tongue*

Soft-tissue sarcomas account for 1% of all solid tumors. Of these, less than 15% will occur in the retroperitoneum. Late diagnosis and large tumor size make retroperitoneal sarcomas difficult to resect. Resection with wide margins in all directions is rarely possible owing to proximity to vital structures. Radiation therapy is limited in dosage and, as with chemotherapy, has only been successful in a limited number of cases. These problems result in a poor prognosis. A series of patients with retroperitoneal sarcoma was reviewed with a focus on issues of surgical management and prognostic factors. A retrospective analysis of 12 patients with retroperitoneal sarcomas who had undergone operations at the Department of Surgery, Inje University Paik Hospital, Seoul, from 1980 through 1996 was performed. The mean age of the 10 adult patients was 51 years; the male-to-female ratio was 2:1. Eighty-three percent of the patients presented with an abdominal mass. The mean diameter of the tumors was 18.3 cm. Leimyosarcomas(33%) and liposarcomas(25%) comprised the majority of the histologic types. The tumor grades were I, II, and III in 3 cases each. Resection of the tumor was possible in 75%(9/12) of the cases, although 17% of the resections were incomplete. Resection of adjacent organs was required in 66% of the cases. The resectability rose from 60% in 80s to 86% in 90s, with no statistical significance, possibly due to the small number of cases in this series. There was no postoperative morbidity or mortality. Actuarial 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival rates after resection were 75%, 60%, and 30%, respectively. Four of the 7(57%) patients who underwent complete resections had recurrence 3 to 33 months after surgery; this was notable for grade II or III tumors only. Two patients with grade I tumors are alive 65 and 102 months respectively after complete resection and show no evidence of the disease. One patient who underwent an incomplete resection of the tumor died 50 months after the operation. Only the tumor grade was a significant prognostic factor(p=0.0207). In conclusion, a wide en-bloc resection of a retroperitoneal sarcoma with a clear margin in all directions is a prerequisite for long-term survival. Aggressive follow-up for the first 3 years after a complete resection of a high-grade tumor is justified.
Adult ; Delayed Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Mortality ; Prognosis ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sarcoma* ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

BACKGROUND : The incidence of breast cancer has steadily increased through the years. The establishment of the cause of breast cancer plays an important role for the diagnosis, management and prevention of breast cancer. METHODS : We analysed 241 cases of breast cancer that were treated during the 13 years from January 1985 to December 1997 at the Department of General Surgery, Inje University Paik Hospital, Seoul. RESULTS : The peak incidence of breast cancer was in the 5th decade (100 cases, 41.5%). The most common age of menarche ranged from 14 to 20 years (89.9%). The most common age of first full-term delivery ranged from 25 to 29 years (54.5%). The normal group was the most frequent body mass index (156 cases, 65.8%). The most common chief complaint was a painless palpable breast mass (166 cases, 68.9%). Most patients (181 cases, 75.1%) visited the hospital within 6 months of developing symptoms. The upper outer quadrant was the most frequent location for breast cancer (146 cases, 60.6%). The most common type of operative technique was a modified radical mastectomy (225 cases, 93.4%). The most common size of the breast mass ranged from 2 to 5 cm (151 cases, 62.7%). A pathologically positive axillary lymph node was present in 122 cases (52.4%). The predominant type of pathological classi fication was invasive ductal carcinoma (215 cases, 90.7%). According to the TNM system, the most common stage was stage II (161 cases, 66.8%). The five-year survival rates for the patients in stages I, II, III were 96.7%, 82.2%, 68.9%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS : We conclude that women with mass or mass-related symptoms needed more careful evaluation and aggressive approaches for discovering breast cancer.
Body Mass Index ; Breast Neoplasms* ; Breast* ; Carcinoma, Ductal ; Diagnosis ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Lymph Nodes ; Mastectomy, Modified Radical ; Menarche ; Seoul ; Survival Rate

Cobb syndrome is a rare neurocutaneous angiomatosis characterized by a vascular skin nevus associated with a spinal cord angioma of the same metamere. A 14-year-old girl had an asymptomatic large cutaneous hemangioma distributed from the TI dermatome downward to the L3 dermatome since birth and complained of a gait disturbance and urination difficulty for 1 year. A biopsy specimen in the skin lesion revealed the findings of capillary hemangioma. From C7 downward to L4 posterior epidural hemangioma composed of arteriovenous and cavernous components was diagnosed by radiological examination and surgical exploration. Because of very extensive cord hemangioma, only partial removal of the tumor at T11, T12 and L1 level was performed and postoperatively she was transferred to a special facility for rehabilitative therapy.
Adolescent ; Angiomatosis ; Biopsy ; Female ; Gait ; Hemangioma ; Hemangioma, Capillary ; Humans ; Nevus ; Parturition ; Skin ; Spinal Cord ; Urination

Radiofrequency ablation, one of the most common locoregional therapies for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Korea, has become an excellent alternative to curative surgery with advantages of minimal invasiveness, favorable complications, and low morbidity. The therapeutic efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been shown to be comparable to that of surgical resection for early-stage HCC. Long-term outcomes for HCC after radiofrequency ablation reported in large series studies were an overall survival of 54 - 60.2% at 5 years and 27.3 - 33% at 10 years. Recent technical developments in radiofrequency ablation include more effective separable clustered electrodes, hydrodissection techniques such as artificial ascites or pleural effusion, ultrasound - magnetic resonanace image fusion guidance, Sonazoid-enhanced ultrasonography guidance, and combined therapy with transarterial chemoembolization and sorafenib. In summary, radiofrequency ablation plays a key role in nonsurgical therapy and multidisciplinary approaches that aim to increase the survival rate of patients of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Ascites ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular* ; Catheter Ablation* ; Electrodes ; Humans ; Korea ; Pleural Effusion ; Survival Rate ; Ultrasonography

PURPOSE: Chlorpromazine(CPZ) is known to inhibit glutamate ehydrogenase(GDH). Reductive amination of alpha-ketoglutarate is catalyzed by GDH and forms glutamate, a major excitatory neurotransmitter. Thus, I hypothesized that CPZ might have a seizure- protective effect by inhibiting glutamate release from the excitatory presynaptic nerve terminal. The present study was designed to investigate the protective effect of CPZ on flurothyl-induced seizure in rats. METHODS: Twenty-eight male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally divided into 2 groups. CPZ(20 mg/kg) was administered to experimental animals by subcutaneous injection, while normal saline to control animals. Twenty minutes later, seizures were chemically induced by flurothyl infusion(40 microL/min). Seizure susceptibility was defined as the latency from the start of flurothyl infusion to the onset of a generalized seizure(loss of posture with bilateral hindlimb tonic extension). Shorter latency reflects greater seizure susceptibility. RESULTS: The mean(+/-SEM) seizure latency in the experimental group was 539.2 (+/-17.5) seconds, and it was significantly longer than 432.4(+/-21.9) seconds in the control group(P<0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that CPZ decrease flurothyl-induced seizure susceptibility in rats. This result suggests that CPZ may have a seizure-protective effect. I hope that further studies on this issue should be performed in a near future.
Amination ; Animals ; Chlorpromazine* ; Flurothyl ; Glutamate Dehydrogenase ; Glutamic Acid ; Hindlimb ; Hope ; Humans ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Male ; Neurotransmitter Agents ; Posture ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Seizures*