No abstract available.

BACKGROUND: Androgenetic alopecia is considered to be a genetically determined disorder influenced by age and androgen. The proportion of patients with androgenetic alopecia among the total number of patients with alopecia seems to be gradually increasing. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the family history,clinical and endocrine status of the patients with androgenetic alopecia. METHODS: 1113 patients with androgenetic alopecia who had visited the Department of Dermatology, Yongsan Hospital, College of Medicine,Chung-Ang University during the 3 years (1995.1-1998. 12) have been examined. RESULTS: The results are summarized as follows 1) The incidence of androgenetic alopecia among the total number of alopecia patients was 64.5%, showing recent increment. 2) There were 855 male and 258 female patients being most prevalent in the third decade in both sexes and the patients younger than 30 years old with premature androgenetic alopecia,made up 70.3% of the male patients and 48.8% of the female patients with androgenetic alopecia. 3) While Norwood's type Iia was the most common and following type II, III vertex,and IV in the male AGA, Ludwig's type II was the most common in female AGA 4) There was a family history of baldness in 53.5% of first degree relatives in male patients and 51.6%in female patients. 5)Associated diseases were observed in 565(66.8%) of the male patients and 219 (84.8%) of the female patients:diseases associated with androgen such as seborrheic dermatitis and acne vulgaris occupied 39.1%. CONCLUSION: Based on our findings, those who want to treat androgenetic alopecia at the earlier ages are gradually increasing and it seems to be reasonable to believe that the age, genetic factors, localized effects of androgens on the scalp and the density and/or functional activity of androgen receptors may influence the pathogenesis of androgenetic alopecia.
Acne Vulgaris ; Alopecia* ; Androgens ; Clinical Study* ; Dermatitis, Seborrheic ; Dermatology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Receptors, Androgen ; Scalp ; Testosterone

No abstract available.
Humans ; Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms* ; Prostate* ; Urethral Obstruction*

An immunohistochemistry for S-100 protein by biotin avidin system technique was done to evaluate the existence and distribution pattern of S-100 protein positive cells in various obtained were as follows. 1) Positive immunostaining for S-100 protein was observed in myoepithelial cell, serous acinar cell and nervous bundle in normal salivary gland. 2) Strong immunoreactivity for S-100 protein was shown in plemorphic adenoma, which was localized not only in myoepithelial cord or sheets of epithelial portion but also in chondrocytes, stellate cells of myxoid stroma and in squamous keratin pearl of mesenchymal metaplastic foci. 3) The S-100 protein was demonstrated in the tumor cells of tubular adenoma, acinic cell tumors and in epidermoid area of mucoepidermoid tumors. 4) Immunoreactivity for S-100 protein, however, was not found in the tumor cells of adenoid cystic carcinoma and adenolymphoma except for stroma reticulum cells. 5) Intensity of positive reaction for S-100 protein varied from cell to cell: Some had intense immunoreactivity, whreas others were only weakly positive or completely negative, even in myoepithelial cell nest of the same pleomorphic adenoma.

With the advancement of shoulder arthroscopy, use of biodegradable suture anchors in the surgical repair of rotator cuff tears has increased. Because of the radiolucency of these anchors, radiography is not appropriate for early detection of anchor failure. Ultrasonography is an advantageous modality in visualizing biodegradable, radiolucent anchors on a real-time basis without risk of radiation exposure. We report on two cases of displacement of a biodegradable suture anchor diagnosed on ultrasonography during the postoperative follow- up, which has not been previously reported. Because this displacement could be missed in the postoperative follow up ultrasonography, we describe the ultrasonographic features of the displaced biodegradable anchors. Surgeons and radiologists should pay special attention to the possibility of displacement of the suture anchor in patients who underwent rotator cuff repairs using suture anchors.
Arthroscopy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Radiography ; Rotator Cuff* ; Shoulder ; Suture Anchors* ; Sutures* ; Tears ; Ultrasonography*

Nocodazole is an anticancer agent, well-known for its antimetastatic activity that acts on microtubules, microfilaments and extracellular matrix proteins. Hela, Hep G2, A549, L929, and NIH/3T3 cell lines were cultivated in alpha-MEM with 3microM or 30microM nocodazole. To investigate the mechanism of nocodazole preventing tumor cell metastasis, the influences of nocodazole on the amounts of glycoprotein, fibronectin, laminin and actin were investigated using PAS staining and PAP technique at light microscopic level. Two designed models ; coverglass and 3-day-old rat heart fragments models, were used in observing the invasiveness of cancer cells. Partitularly the three-dimensional model coculturing cell lines and heart fragment was used in evaluating the migration and/or proliferation or the invasiveness of cell around the fragment, and observed under inverted or bright field light microscope. The amount of glycoprotein of all cell-lines increased in cells of groups treated with nocedazole for 1, 2 and 3 day. The amounts of fibronectin usually increased in cells of groups treated with nocodazole for 1, 2 and 3 day. The amounts of laminin increased in cells of groups treated with nocodazole. The amounts of actin usually increased in cells of groups treated with nocodazole for 1, 2 and 3 days. With the prolonging of nocodazole-treatment time in two dimensional model using coverglass, the cells of control group except Hep G2 cells formed monolayer in cell-free zone according to migration or proliferation of many cells. But only a few cells of experimental groups migrated or proliferated into cell-free zone. In rat heart fragment model the cells of control group showed the invasiveness into the fragment but few or none of the cells from experimental groups attached around the fragment. Taken together, nocodazole increased the synthesis of fibronectin and laminin in cells in place of depolymerizing microtubules. Therefore, the amounts of extracellular matrix proteins in the extracellular space increased. And the increase amounts of actin connected to the extracellular matrix proteins through the integrin of plasma membrane seemed to strengthen cell attachment because of accordance between the orientation of actin and extracellular matrix proteins. Since it is important for cancer cells` metastasis to secrete various enzymes to pass through extracellular matrix proteins, it is expected more difficult for the cells to metastasize into other regions due to the increase of extracellular matrix proteins. As a result of confirmation of antiinvasive actions using two kinds of model, nocodazole seems to be a valuable anti-metastatic agent by supressing the cell motility and consequently, the invasiveness into the fragment. Nocodazole at concentration of 3microM will be probably anticipated antimetastatic activity reflecting that the effects of nocodazole between 3microM and 30microM groups had no differences.
Actin Cytoskeleton ; Actins ; Animals ; Cell Line* ; Cell Membrane ; Cell Movement ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins* ; Extracellular Matrix* ; Extracellular Space ; Fibronectins ; Glycoproteins ; Heart ; Hep G2 Cells ; Laminin ; Microtubules ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Nocodazole* ; Rats

PURPOSE: To find the rebleeding factors in bronchial arterial embolization for treatment of hemoptysis, a retrospective study was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS:Medical records, anglographic findings and embolic materials of 35 patients who had undertaken arterial embolization for control of hemoptysis were reviewed. The period of follow-up for rebleeding was from 3 to 32 months after arterial embolization. We investigated the anglographic findings of extravasation, neovascularity, intervascular shunt, aneurysm and periarterial diffusion. Neovascularity was classified as mild(numerable neovascularity) and severe(innumerable). RESULTS: Rebleeding occured in 15(43%) among 35 cases. Only two of 11 cases with no past episode of hemoptysis showed recurrence, while 9 of 15 cases who had more than three episodes did. Severe neovascularity were seen in 11 of 15 recurred cases, but seven of 20 non-recurred cases showed severe neovascularity. More than three anglographic findings representing hemoptysis were seen on 11(73%) among recurred 15 cases and seven(35%) among non-recurred 20 cases. The lesion was supplied by more than two different arteries on 8(54%) of the recurred cases, but only three(15%) of the non-recurred cases. Six of seven cases persistent neovascularity after arterial embolization were recurred. CONCLUSION: The history of repeated hemoptysis, severe neovascularity, variable anglographic findings, and post-embolization persistency of neovascularity were the factors related with the rebleeding after arterial embolization for hemoptysis. Careful and active arterial embolization are required on these conditions.
Aneurysm ; Arteries ; Diffusion ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hemoptysis* ; Humans ; Recurrence ; Retrospective Studies

Cognitive deficit is frequently observed in patients with schizophrenia. It is significantly associated with functional outcome. In the past 20 years, due to significant advances on the concept of schizophrenia, cognitive deficit has been accepted as a core feature. In the DSM-5, cognitive deficit does not introduce diagnostic criteria of schizophrenia, but did one dimension of diagnosis of psychosis. Existing schizophrenia drugs are effective in treatment of positive symptoms of schizophrenia, but lack of effectiveness on improving cognitive function. Led by NIMH (National Institute of Mental Health), the MATRICS (Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia) meeting was conducted in order to achieve consensus on measuring tools and neuropharmacological targets for clinical trials for development of new drugs for improvement of cognitive function in schizophrenia. At the MATRICS consensus meeting, glutamatergic modulators and nicotinic and muscarinic agonists are expected to be promising, but should be proven by a double-blind placebo-controlled multicenter study for patients.
Cognition ; Consensus ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Muscarinic Agonists ; National Institute of Mental Health (U.S.) ; Psychotic Disorders ; Schizophrenia*

Glomus tumors are maturely organized proliferations of glomus cells and vascular channels. Such tumors are rare in the stomach, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Because specific clinical or radiologic features are not associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by histologic characteristics. Although available data are inadequate for determining the histogenesis of this tumor, it may represent a hamartoma rather than a neoplastic disease. The treatment of choice is local resection. In frozen sections, it may be misidentified as a carcinoid tumor, leading to more extensive surgery than required for cure. We report a case of a glomus tumor of the stomach in a 30-year-old female patient who was operated on, and we present a review of the literature on this subject.
Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Stomach*

Glomus tumors are maturely organized proliferations of glomus cells and vascular channels. Such tumors are rare in the stomach, and only two cases have been reported in Korea. Because specific clinical or radiologic features are not associated with the glomus tumor, it can be recognized only by histologic characteristics. Although available data are inadequate for determining the histogenesis of this tumor, it may represent a hamartoma rather than a neoplastic disease. The treatment of choice is local resection. In frozen sections, it may be misidentified as a carcinoid tumor, leading to more extensive surgery than required for cure. We report a case of a glomus tumor of the stomach in a 30-year-old female patient who was operated on, and we present a review of the literature on this subject.
Adult ; Carcinoid Tumor ; Female ; Frozen Sections ; Glomus Tumor* ; Hamartoma ; Humans ; Korea ; Stomach*