No abstract available.
Angiotensins* ; Diabetes Mellitus* ; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A* ; Renal Insufficiency*

No abstract available.

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Immunotherapy*

Our hospital have started laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1991, and after then many surgeons have been trained in the era of laparoscopic and minimally invasive surgery. Since then numerous procedures have been applied for a laparoscopic surgery, and many patients have been benefited as a result. We have performed the first automated surgery in Korea using Automated Endoscopic System for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) in June, 1996. With the help of Inbae Yoon’s(a 1961 graduate of our medical school) inspiration and donation, our hospital has started “IB Yoon Multi-Specialty Endoscopic Research & Training Center” in 1998. As we started the robotic surgery we have change the name to “Severance Robotic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center” in March 2005. These infrastructures enables us the expansion of laparoscopic surgery and inspires many surgeons to understand principles and equipments of laparoscopic and robotic surgery. We performed the first robotic surgery using da Vinci system in July, 2005. During 5 and half years after introducing the da Vinci surgical system in 2005 we have performed more than 10000 cases of robotic surgery successfully. With collaboration between medicine and robotic engineering company, we are developing our own version of Korean robotic system. In conventional laparoscopic surgery, limited motion of laparoscopic instruments, 2-D surgical field, and unstable surgical view resulted from unnecessary movement of laparoscope (shaking surgical field) by assist surgeons, magnifying tremor of laparoscopic instrument, and unexpected movement of laparoscopic instrument by another assist-surgeon can accidentally produce inappropriate environment for safe laparoscopic surgery. To the contrary, stable 3-D surgical field provided by robot surgical system, wrist like movement of instrument, stationary holding of fourth arm movement (to replace the role of assistant surgeon in laparoscopic surgery) seems to produce very appropriate surgical environment for safe laparoscopic HBP surgery. Therefore, robot is thought to be very appropriate for function-preserving minimal invasive HBP surgery.

Our hospital have started laparoscopic cholecystectomy in 1991, and after thenmany surgeons have been trained in the era of laparoscopic and minimallyinvasive surgery. Since then numerous procedures have been applied for alaparoscopic surgery, and many patients have been benefited as a result. Wehave performed the first automated surgery in Korea using Automated EndoscopicSystem for Optimal Positioning (AESOP) in June, 1996.With the help of Inbae Yoon’s(a 1961 graduate of our medical school) inspirationand donation, our hospital has started “IB Yoon Multi-Specialty EndoscopicResearch & Training Center” in 1998. As we started the robotic surgery we havechange the name to “Severance Robotic and Minimally Invasive Surgery Center”in March 2005. These infrastructures enables us the expansion of laparoscopicsurgery and inspires many surgeons to understand principles and equipments oflaparoscopic and robotic surgery. We performed the first robotic surgery usingda Vinci system in July, 2005. During 5 and half years after introducing theda Vinci surgical system in 2005 we have performed more than 10000 cases ofrobotic surgery successfully. With collaboration between medicine and roboticengineering company, we are developing our own version of Korean roboticsystem.In conventional laparoscopic surgery, limited motion of laparoscopic instruments,2-D surgical field, and unstable surgical view resulted from unnecessary movementof laparoscope (shaking surgical field) by assist surgeons, magnifying tremor oflaparoscopic instrument, and unexpected movement of laparoscopic instrumentby another assist-surgeon can accidentally produce inappropriate environmentfor safe laparoscopic surgery. To the contrary, stable 3-D surgical field providedby robot surgical system, wrist like movement of instrument, stationary holdingof fourth arm movement (to replace the role of assistant surgeon in laparoscopicsurgery) seems to produce very appropriate surgical environment for safelaparoscopic HBP surgery. Therefore, robot is thought to be very appropriate forfunction-preserving minimal invasive HBP surgery.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in dentofacial morphology of non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement. METHODS: The sample consisted of 25 Korean female patients with bilateral TMJ disk displacement who visited the Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital from 1996 to 2006. Disk displacements were diagnosed using the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of both TMJs. Baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) lateral cephalograms were analyzed. The mean age of samples at T1 was 18.1 +/- 3.5 years (range 14.2 - 25.8 years) and at T2, 21.1 +/- 3.5 years (range 16.2 - 28.0 years). The mean observation period was 3.0 +/- 1.9 years. Descriptive statistics for each variable were calculated at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2) stages, and during the observation period (T2-T1). RESULTS: Skeletal changes were found in 64% of the non-orthodontically treated female patients with TMJ disk displacement during the observation period. The L1 to Mandibular plane distance (mm) increased significantly by 0.8 mm (p < 0.01). But there were no significant differences in the other dental relationship variables (overjet, overbite, U1 to palatal plane) during the observation period. Most patients with skeletal changes showed a backward rotation of the mandible. The ratio of the rotation was a decrease of SNB by 0.43degrees for every 1degrees increase of FMA (Spearman rho = -0.660, p < 0.01). A few patients showed a distal shift of the mandible without rotation or significant changes in the vertical dimension. CONCLUSIONS: During observation periods without orthodontic treatment, non-growing patients with TMJ disk displacement showed dentoskeletal changes, mainly backward rotation of the mandible.
Displacement (Psychology) ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Longitudinal Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Mandible ; Orthodontics ; Overbite ; Temporomandibular Joint ; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders

The goal of reduction mammaplasty is a breast with natural contour and volume, aesthetically situated scars, and a well-placed, sensate nipple and areola. The most successful techniques achieve this through the excision of tissue from the lower part of the breast based on some variation. However, the Mckissock's vertical bipedicle technique is the popular method for reduction mammaplasty. As an alternative modified Mckissock's method, we have found the use of only an inferior dermal flap with a keyhole pattern to be a simple and safe method for obtaining satisfactory aesthetic results. We have used inferior dermal flap for 4 patients recently and obtained the advantages as below compare to the Mckissock's method. 1. Rich blood supply to the broad based inferior flap. 2. More easy transposition of the nipple and areola. 3. More good operation field for resection of breast tissue. 4. Short operation time. 5. Can applied to the gigantomastia.
Breast ; Cicatrix ; Female ; Humans ; Mammaplasty* ; Methods ; Nipples

BACKGROUND: Even though excellent impression materials are now available for making accurate replication for hard and soft tissue, the numerous dentists have faced lots of obstacles in making simultaneous impressions of multiple abutments. CASE DESCRIPTION: This article describes a modified method of tray fabrication using auto-polymerizing acrylic resin and impression technique for multiple prepared teeth in cases with limitations and difficulties in taking dental impressions. CLINICAL IMPLICATION: This segmental tray technique has several advantages, including higher impression quality, fewer impressions, and being more comfortable for the patient and less stressful for the clinician.
Dentists ; Humans ; Tooth

The one event on signaling mechanism is the cleavage by adenyl cyclase of ATP into second messenger, cyclic AMP. The other transfer system of inositol metabolism, it is widely recognized that hydrolysis of the minor membrane lipid phosphoinositide bisphosphate (PIP₂) initiated by occupation of certain receptors and catalyzed by phospholipase C, lead to toe generation of the two intracellular messengers, inositol triphosphate (IP₃) and diacylglycerol (DG). IP₃ is converted to inositol tetrakisphosphate (IP₄) by IP₃ kinase. In the present study, it is that purification of calmodulin is used by phenyl-Sepharose CL-4B chromatography, it's molecular weigh, 17,000 in SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In order to observe the affinity between calmodulin (CaM)-Affigel 15 and IP₃ kinase, and isolated IP₃ kinase, was applied in CaM-Affigel with Ca²⁺ equilibrium buffer and EGTA equilibrium buffer. We compared with binding and elution effect of IP₃ kinase in several condition of buffer. In affinity of binding, Ca²⁺ equilibrium buffer was in the most proper condition, and elution, CaM/Ca²⁺buffer (CE 1 10.36, CE2 12.76pM/min/mg of protein) was effected much more than EGTA buffer (E2 1.48, E 2.43pM/min/mg of protein), but CaM/Ca²⁺stimulate the activity of IP₃ kinase. And then, several detergents such as sodium deoxycholate, tween 20, cholic acid, polyethylene glycol, chaps were applied. The 0.2% chaps buffer (E2 23.19, E3 8.05pnM/min/mg of protein) was the most effective in elution of IP3 kinase.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adenylyl Cyclases ; Brain* ; Calmodulin ; Cholic Acid ; Chromatography ; Cyclic AMP ; Deoxycholic Acid ; Detergents ; Egtazic Acid ; Electrophoresis ; Hydrolysis ; Inositol* ; Membranes ; Metabolism ; Occupations ; Phosphotransferases* ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Polysorbates ; Second Messenger Systems ; Toes ; Type C Phospholipases