Tissue transplantation is a modern medical technology which develops rapidly and raises many ethical, legal, and political issues. In Korea, many tissue transplantations are performed and many tissue banks seem to be managed. However, there are no legal regulations and standards which control these behaviors. When we discuss tissue transplantations and tissue banking, the safety of tissues, the respect for donors' autonomy, the proper operation of the tissue bank, and the fair distribution of the tissues must be taken into account. And the autonomic regulation by medical professionals must be considered. An Act that controls tissue transplantation and tissue banking must be established, and must be enforced. The Act must be in harmony with the autonomic regulation by medical professionals. The practices that may pose severe risk to human body or threat to human life must be banned, and persons who perform this kind of practices must be punished. However, if the practices remain within the acceptable range, medical professionals can do their practices legally.
Human Body ; Humans ; Korea ; Social Control, Formal ; Tissue Banks* ; Tissue Transplantation ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Dermatitis, Atopic*

No abstract available.
Urticaria*

No abstract available.
Melanoma* ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen*

Vitamin A is a fat-soluble, unssturated, long-chain isoprenoid an4 classic active- form found in mammalian tissue is the all-trans alcohol vitamin A (vitamin A alcohol or retinol). Vitamin A acid (VAA) represents the terminal product of vitamin A oxidation. Harris et al in 1332, first proposed the term "antikeraStinizing effect" to expression of tne effect of vitamin A on various epithelia. In 1943, Straufjord,over-enth usiastically reported tbat oral use of vitamin A also had a beneficial effect on acn . Kligman, in 1969, reported that VAA produce peeling effect and fabourable results with topically applied UAA in acne vulgaris. Many investigators reported that VAA was effective in man hyperkeratotic disorders, including psoriasis, senile comedon, verruca plana, keratosis palmaris et plantaris, plantar wart etc. Mode of actio. of VAA is unclear as yet. But, it is obserbed that continued susceptibility of skin to VAA is related to labilize lysosomes, thereby releasing prot.olytic and hydrolytic enzyme capable of inciting inflammatory reaction; VAA accelerates tum over of homey cells and converted hard keratin into soft keratin, so lessening of the coheiveness of homey cells is implied. Thus the effect of VAA in acne treatment are that VAA inhibits the formation of comedon and existing comedones tend to be extruded by the increased production of noncoherent homey cells and acceleration of the flow of cells out of the sebaceous glands. For this study, 52 patients were treated with application of topical VAA alone and 9 patients concurrently with topical VAA anl comedon extraction. The results were as follows: 1. The 43 patients treated with topical VAA alone showed significant improvement up to 70% at the end of third week. In this group, closed comedon, papules, pustules are progressively reduced during the first week but the number of open comedon transiently increased (34%) during first week of treatment, decreased after that. 2. The 9 pa.tients treated with topical VAA and co nedon extraction showed similar effect(80%) at the third week of treatment. But no sign of increase of open comedon was not shown in first week of treatment. 3. Discomfortable clinical effects such as scaling, buming, tightness were seen up to 83%, occassionally pruritus, pain edema., contact dermatitis, lichenifcation were seen.
Acceleration ; Acne Vulgaris* ; Dermatitis, Contact ; Edema ; Humans ; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar ; Lysosomes ; Pruritus ; Psoriasis ; Research Personnel ; Sebaceous Glands ; Skin ; Tretinoin ; Vitamin A ; Vitamins* ; Warts

In atopic dermatitis, genetic factor undoubtedly involved, but precise mode of tra- nsmission is not yet clear. Since the true incidence and mode af transmission requires a large scale prospective study, they are very difficult to determine. This study was performed in order to elucidate incidence and hereditary backgro- und of atpoic dermatitis in the selected and secluded urban area where relatively an inbred population lived, because of substantially less immigration from other area. Investigation of this study were carried out among infants and children under 6 year old, The results were as follows 1) A total of 516 infants and children under 6 year nld were examined (male 267, female 249) 2) The incidence of atopic dermatitis was ll.2% (58/516). 3) 67. 3% of patients with atopic dermatitis (39/58) had a family history of atopic dermitis, urticaria and asthma. 4) Frequent clinical features of these patients were pruritus (93. 1%), dry or coarse skin (85. SF), and facial and extensor involvement of the skin (82.7%). 5) Molluscum contagisum (9 cases), impetigo(7 cases, strophuius (4 cases), and.. uzticaria (2 cases), were combined. with atopic dermatitis.
Asthma ; Child ; Dermatitis ; Dermatitis, Atopic* ; Emigration and Immigration ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence* ; Infant ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Urticaria

BACKGROUND: It has been shown that L-type calcium channel blockers increase the muscle relaxation effects of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents whereas the potentiated neuromuscular blocking effects by L-type calcium channel blocker are resistant to reversal by neostigmine. The aims of this study were 1) to see whether the pretreatment of L-type calcium channel blocker, such as verapamil, aggravates the pipecuronium-induced muscle relaxation, 2) if so, to see whether these effects are reversed by anticholinesterase, such as neostigmine and edrophonium or potassium channel blocker, such as 4-aminopyridine. METHODS: The rat-phrenic nerve-hemidiaphragms (n=60) were prepared. Twenty microgram of pipecuronium was administered to all organ bath. All samples were divided into two groups according to the administration of 10uM of verapamil i.e. verapamil pretreated, non-pretreated group. The amounts of administered pipecuronium were gradually increased by 4ug until the force of twitch decreased to 10% of control value in both groups. Each group was subdivided into three groups according to the administration of 0.75 M of neostigmine, 12.4 uM of edrophonium or 40uM of 4-aminopyridine. RESULTS: The dose of pipecuronium required for the decrease of contractile force to 10% of control value was less in verapamil pretreated group than in non-pretreated group. And, the decrease of contractile force in both groups was more effectively reversed by 4-aminopyridine than neostigmine and edrophonium. CONCLUSIONS: Verapamil potentiates the pipecuronium-induced neuromuscular blockade and 4-aminopyridine is more effective to reverse verapamil pretreated, pipecuronium induced neuromuscular blockade.
4-Aminopyridine* ; Baths ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; Edrophonium* ; Muscle Relaxation ; Neostigmine* ; Neuromuscular Blockade* ; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents ; Pipecuronium* ; Potassium Channels ; Verapamil*

No abstract available.
Intestinal Obstruction*

No abstract available.
Peptic Ulcer Perforation* ; Peptic Ulcer*

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to inquire into the recognition and performance of nursing students' hand washing and propose basic data for upright recognition and performance as reserve nurses. METHODS: A survey was carried out from September 1 to September 14, 2008 by first distributing questionnaires to 550 nursing collage students attending three-year-course or four-year-course colleges in Daegu. Of all the questionnaires later collected, only the copies received from the students, who were in their last year of college(416 copies), were used for analysis. RESULTS: The recognition and performance of their hand washing averaged 3.49 and 4.08 points, respectively, showing that the level of recognition was higher than that of performance. In addition, the four-year-course nursing college students showed higher recognition level compared to the three-year-course nursing college students. However, the result was vice versa for the performance level. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for nursing students, as reserve nurses, to receive an education to improve the recognition and performing level of hand washing.
Coat Protein Complex I ; Hand ; Hand Disinfection ; Humans ; Students, Nursing ; Surveys and Questionnaires