Various etiologies of hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus have been reported, but still they are not conclusively established. Furthermore, between hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus, the question is unanswered as to which is the cause and which is the result. To determine the primary cause and attribution of high heeled position to hallux valgus and metatarsus primus varus, we selected three different types of dancer. Traditional dancers wear cotton sox and strike the heels first to move, modern dancers walk or run and jump on naked feet, and ballerinas stand, walk or jump on their toes with hard wooden shoes, so the latter two types of dancers move with extremely high-heeled position. We analyzed the plain AP roentgenography of 84 feet for 16 ballerinas, 13 modern and 13 traditional dancers. The results were as follows : 1. First metatarsalgia was noted in 38% of modern dancers and 43% of ballerinas but none in traditional dancers. 2. The mean hallux valgus angle was 13.6°±2.7° in traditional dancers, 13.5°±3.8° in modern dancers, 18°±3.3° in ballerinas which are statistically significant between ballerinas and modern, traditional dancers(P < 0.01). 3. The mean intermetatarsal angle was 10.5°±1.4° in traditional dancers, 10.6°±1.1° in modern dancers, 10.8°±1.5° in ballerinas, and metatarsus primus varus angle was 17.6 °±5.1°, 18.3°±2.7°, 19.4°±3.6°, respectively, which were all statistically insignificant(P>0.01). Therefore, it is concluded that medio-lateral compression of shoes may be the principal contributor for the hallux valgus rather than high heel, and hallux valgus is the primary deformity.
Congenital Abnormalities ; Dancing ; Foot ; Hallux Valgus ; Hallux ; Heel ; Metatarsalgia ; Radiography ; Shoes ; Strikes, Employee ; Toes

Cubitus varus, which includes deformities of varus, hyperextension and internal rotation, is the most common complication of supracondylar fracture of the humerus in children. For correction of cubitus varus deformity, many operative methods have been reported but postoperative results are not always satifactory. For the purpose of detection of the reason of postoperative residual deformity, we reviewed AP roentgenography of 22 patients of cubitus varus deformity in the view point that change of longitudinal axis of forearm contribute the residual deformity. The results are summerized as follows: 1. Degree of cubitus varus deformity was more severe in the patients whose interval between the injured time and visiting hospital for cubitus varus was longer. 2. Average proximal radial shaft angle was 10.99degrees +/-3.48degrees in normal limb and 15.72degrees+/-4.03degrees in affected limb and average ulnar shaft angle was 7.86degrees+/-3.60degrees, 10.54degrees +/-4.02degrees (P<0.05), respectively which were all significant value statistically (P<0.05). Average distal radial shaft angle was 10.21degrees 2.37 in normal limb and 11.21degrees +/-1.51degrees in affected limb and statistically insignificant (P>0.05). 3. More severe cubitus varus deformity revealed more change of proximal radial shaft angle of attected limb compare to normal limb. Based on these results, we concluded that correction of the cubitus varus deformity should not be delayed in order to minimize the secondary change of longitudinal axis of foream bones and to obtain satisfacotry cosmetic outcome.
Axis, Cervical Vertebra* ; Child ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Extremities ; Forearm ; Humans ; Humerus ; Radiography ; Radius* ; Ulna*

In 1988, a new fascioutaneous flap, the Lateral supramalleolar flap, was introduced by Masquelet and Roman. The flap is designed on the lower third of the aspect of leg, and supplied by a cutaneous branch from the perforating branch of the peroneal artery. This perforating branch continues distally deep to the fascia along the anterior ankle and into the foot. This can be use as either proximally based rotation flap or distally based reversed pedicle island flap giving the flap an arc of rotation that allows coverage of the dorsal, lateral and plantar aspects of the foot, the posterior heel and the lower medial portion of the leg. The authors have recently used this flap for 13 cases of foot and ankle soft tissue defect reconstruction and all the cases, except two partial marginal necrosis, good postoperative course. In our opinion, this flap is useful for reconstruction of foot and ankle soft tissue defect which does not need nerve innervation. The main advantages of the flap are as follows 1. It may be a rather large flap(15×9cm2 ). 2. The pedicle is long(8cm) and easy to dissect. 3. The pivot of the pedicle is distal(sinus tarsi) and allows great local possibilities of coverage. 4. It does not require the sacrifice of a main artery.
Ankle ; Arteries ; Fascia ; Foot ; Heel ; Leg ; Necrosis ; Osteotomy ; Tibia

No abstract available.
Spine* ; Tissue Expansion*

In the treatment of malleolar fracture, anatomical reduction and rigid internal fixation are essential to prevent the complications such as infection, malunion or nonunion, traumatic arthritis, skin necrosis and joint contracture. But it is often difficult to obtain rigid fixation for medial malleolar fracture because of its comminution or thin cortex with osteoporosis. Generally, two operative methods are available for medial malleolar fracture, which are malleolar lag screw fixation and tension band wiring. The purpose of this paper is to analyze which operative method is better for anatomical reduction and rigid fixation and has less postoperative complications for medial malleolar fractures. From March 1992 through March 1995, 88 patients had undergone surgical intervention for medial malleolar fractures. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to operative method for medial malleolar fracture. For one group, malleolar lag screw together with or without a K-wire was used in 48 patients, and for the other group, tension band wiring was used in 40 patients. The average follow-up periods were 14 months in screw fixation group and 13 months in tension band wiring group. The average union time were 15.4 weeks (8-17 weeks) in screw fixation group and 12.2 weeks (6-15 weeks) in tension band wiring group. 27 cases (56%) showed excellent result in screw fixation group and 30 cases (75%) in tension band wiring group. In the patient over 50 years old, 2 (15%) in 13 cases showed excellent result of screw fixation group, while 5 (45%) in 11 cases of tension band wiring group. We concluded that tension band wiring is a better method for medial malleolar fracture to obtain early union and to prevent postoperative complications, especially in the elderly patient.
Aged ; Arthritis ; Contracture ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Joints ; Middle Aged ; Necrosis ; Osteoporosis ; Postoperative Complications ; Skin

No abstract available.

No abstract available.
Congenital Abnormalities* ; Head*

No abstract available.
Leg* ; Myocutaneous Flap*

PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to examine a path model on the relationship among social capital, physical activity and subjective health status in the community indwelling elderly. METHODS: The study was conducted utilizing the 2014 Seoul Survey, in the method of analyzing cross-sectional design and secondary data. Among 45,497 participants in total, the data of 4578 adults aged 65 or above was analyzed. Social capital was measured by social trust and social participation. Physical activity was measured by regular exercise. Additionally, a numerical rating scale was used to assess subjective health status. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficients and path analysis. RESULTS: Social participation and physical activity showed a direct effect on subjective health status in community indwelling elderly while social trust and physical activity showed an indirect effect on their subjective health status. The hypothetical path model of community indwelling elderly's subjective health status was proved correct. CONCLUSION: Findings from this study indicate that health-promoting intervention for community indwelling elderly should consider social trust and participation.
Adult ; Aged ; Diagnostic Self Evaluation ; Humans ; Methods ; Motor Activity ; Seoul ; Social Capital ; Social Participation

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia(ALHE) is a benign angiomatous neoplasm which usually arises from skin, blood vessel, soft tissue, heart and rarely from bone. The authors experienced a case of ALHE which involved the distal femur of 35-years old male and treated by marginal excision and autogenous cancellous bone graft with plate fixation.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia ; Blood Vessels ; Femur ; Heart ; Humans ; Hyperplasia ; Male ; Skin ; Transplants