The authors studied anxiety, using Zung's Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), in the subjects of 3,499 male and 1,335 female college freshmen of Yeungnam University. The authors collected the reports of SAS during the periods from January to February, 1986, and applied ANOVA and t-test on anxiety scores in order to compare them between various psychosocial factors, and sexes. The results are as follows: There was significant difference in the mean averages of total anxiety scores between male and female students: male students scored 32.91±7.70, female students scored 34.48±6.00, (P<0.001). The anxiety scores relating to the items of sweating, apprehension, restlessness, and insomnia were relatively higher in both groups. The anxiety scores relating to the items of faintness, mental disintegration, tremors, dizziness were lower in both groups. Thirty-nine male students (1.1%) showed seriously high anxiety scores of 50 or higher, while twenty-one female students (1.6%) showed the same scores. So the authors inferred that the features of anxiety symptoms were much the same in our country, but female showed more various symptoms and higher level of anxiety than males. Male students attending in pharmacy showed higher level of anxiety scores (P<0.01). There was a strong tendency toward higher anxiety scores in the students who were dissatisfied with their home atmosphere, colleges, department and familiarity of parents, and those who had pessimistic views of self image in the past, present, or future, in both groups (P<0.001).
Anxiety* ; Atmosphere ; Dizziness ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Parents ; Pharmacy ; Psychology ; Psychomotor Agitation ; Recognition (Psychology) ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; Sweat ; Sweating ; Tremor

No abstract available.
Emergencies* ; Emergency Service, Hospital* ; Emergency Treatment* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell* ; Female ; Ovary*

The retrospective study was taken to study the serum transaminase level and it's correlation with several symptoms in human rotavirus gastroenteritis. 494 children, who admitted to the Department of Pediatrics in Dae Dong Hospital from January 1991 to December 1991 with chief complaints of waterdy diarrhea were included in studies. The 1st stool specimen on admission was tested for rotavirus Ag by ELLSA method. and than serum transaminase were checked. The results are as follows: 1) The peak incidence being between 6 months to 2 years in both group, but higher incidence was noted in Non-HRV group. Males are more common than females by ratio of about 2:1. 2) The major symptoms in order of frequency was diarrhea>dehydration>vomiting>coughing>fever in HRV group, diarrhea>dehydration=vomiting>fever>coughing in Non-HRV group. The incidence of dehydration and coughing in HRV group were higher than in Non-HRV group. 3) AST & ALT elevation above the normal value were 83.2% (213/256), 52.0% (133/256) in HRV group and 45.3% (116/238), 22.3% (57/238) in Non-HRV group. AST & ALT were significantly increased in HRV group than Non-HRV group (AST: p<0.05, ALT: p<0.05). 4) Mean concentration of AST & ALT were 46. 82, 38.06 in HRV group and 29.06, 21.23 in Non-HRV group. Mcan concentration of AST & ALT were significantly increased in HRV group than Non-HRV group (AST: p <0.05, ALT: p<0.05). 5) Mild dehydration is relatively more common in both group. The frequency were 56.6% (145/256) in HRV group, 47.5% (113/238) in Non-HRV group. The degree of dehydration was not correlated with serum transaminase level at each group(HRV group: p>0.05, Non-HRV group: p>0.05). 6) Duration of diarrhea for 4-5 days & 1-3 days were relatively more common in HRV group than Non-HRV group. The frequency were 36.3% (93/256) in HRV group and 34.9% (83/268) in Non-HRV group. The degree of diarrhea were not correlated with serum transaminase level at each group (HRV group: p>0.05, Non-HRV group: p>0.05). 7) No fever or duration of fever for 1-2 days were relatively more common in both group. The frequency were 39.9% (102/256), 37.5% (96/256) in HRV group and 38.2% (91/238), 42.5% (101/238) in Non-HRV group. The degree of fever was not correlated with serum transaminase level in HRV group, but correlated with Non-HRV group (HRV group: p>0.05, Non-HRV group: p<0.05).
Child* ; Cough ; Dehydration ; Diarrhea ; Female ; Fever ; Gastroenteritis* ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Pediatrics ; Reference Values ; Retrospective Studies ; Rotavirus

No abstract available.
Aorta, Thoracic* ; Blood Flow Velocity* ; Pregnancy*

No Abstract Available.
Cicatrix* ; Cleft Lip* ; Congenital Abnormalities* ; Nose*

Traumatic injury to the lower legs has been increasing in Korea and often leads to skin and soft tissue loss, exposing blood vessels, nerves, tendons or bones. Salvaging these legs often requires free flaps. Over the past two decades, the use of free tissue transfer has produced an increasing salvage rate for severely injured lower leg. Between April. 1988 to July, 1997, 47 cases of lower soft tissue defects were reconstructed with free flaps, and retrospective analysis was performed to determine more about the factors associated with free flap failure or immediate vascular complications. We evaluated wound status before operation, operation time after injury, vascular status of recipient site, use of vein graft, use of reverse flow, salvage protocol in compromised anastomosis, survival rate and complications. There were 9 cases of venous thrombosis and 2 cases of arterial insufficiency while 7 out of 9 cases of venous thrombosis were reexplorated. However, 2 cases of partial flap necrosis and 1 case of total necrosis. Two cases of arterial insufficiency were necrotized, so the overall free flap failure rate was 9.6%. The results were analyzed to determine the factors promoting either failure or vascular complication, Many factors which are often blamed for failure (trauma cause, preoperative general condition, preoperative infection status, intraoperative ischemic time) were not significant in this study, but prolonged time after injury correlated with free flap failure, We concluded the adequate debridement and infection control, adequate selection of recipient vessel, accurate vascular anastomosis and most of all, early free flap transfer after injury, will improve the success rate.
Blood Vessels ; Debridement ; Free Tissue Flaps* ; Infection Control ; Korea ; Leg* ; Necrosis ; Retrospective Studies ; Skin ; Survival Rate ; Tendons ; Transplants ; Vascular System Injuries ; Veins ; Venous Thrombosis ; Wounds and Injuries

PURPOSE: Growth impairment and growth hormone deficiency have been reported in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This study was undertaken to investigate the growth pattern in children who have been diagnosed and treated ALL. METHODS: We have studied growth during 5-year period after diagnosis in 29 children with ALL who achieved complete continuous first remission following induction chemotherapy from January 1991 to December 1998 at Pusan National University Hospital. Maintenance chemotherapy was given over two or three years in all patients and 10 received additional prophylactic cranial irradiation at a total dose 1,800 to 2,000 cGy. RESULTS: Mean age of patients at diagnosis was 5.81+/-3.44 years, mean height standard deviation score (SDS) at diagnosis was 0.58+/-0.78. During 1 st and 2 nd year of therapy, mean height SDS was significantly decreased to 0.21+/-0.78 (P<0.05), 0.26+/-0.99 (P<0.05). And these decreased mean height SDS during therapy were gradually returned to the baseline levels within 2 years after the end of therapy. During and after therapy, there were no significantly differences in changes of mean height SDS between a group who had prophylactic cranial irradiation and one who had not. There were also no significantly different changes of mean height SDS according to sex or age at initiation of treatment. CONCLUSION: Our data indicate that chemotherapy significantly affects growth of patients treated for ALL and that effects were almost transitory, whereas radiotherapy at the doses used in this study does not potentiate growth impairment.
Busan ; Child* ; Cranial Irradiation ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Growth Hormone ; Humans ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Maintenance Chemotherapy ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma* ; Radiotherapy

We present a study on hospital stay in 1000 consecutive head injuries. The mean hospital stay and standard deviation were calculated in a given condition according to some variables, such as sex, age, Glasgow Coma Score on admission, skull fracture, CT findings, and treatment. Usually, standard deviation was greater than the mean value in a given condition and hospital stay varied in a wide range, representing that the duration of treatment is related not only to the severity but also various individual properties. Since the associated injuries were variable in location, type and severity, they altered hospital stay greatly. Thus hospital stay was analyzed in patients without associated injuries. Hospital stay was largely dependant on three variables. Low Glasgow Coma Score on admission, presence of intracranial mass lesion or diffuse axonal injury, and operative treatment prolonged hospital stay. Skull fracture also lengthened hospital stay but only in patients without associated injuries. Duration of treatment should be recorded in all medical certificates related to the injury. For the proper estimation of duration of treatment, more reports are needed in this field.
Coma ; Craniocerebral Trauma* ; Diffuse Axonal Injury ; Head* ; Humans ; Length of Stay* ; Skull Fractures

PURPOSE: We report here on the safety and efficacy of nephron-sparing radiofrequency ablation(RFA) for treating renal tumor. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Starting June 2004, a total of 14 patients underwent RFA for renal tumor during the following 3 years. Of these, 12 cases were followed up for at least 6 months postoperatively. Eight cases of combined computed tomography(CT) and ultrasonogram-guided percutaneous RFA, and four cases of intraoperative ultrasonography-guided laparoscopic RFA were performed with mean follow-up of 18.2 months(range: 4-27 months). The treatment indications were a localized, small(<4cm), solid renal mass in the elderly patients and those patients with co-morbid conditions. Physical examination, CBC, determining the serum creatinine levels and urine analysis were performed for the follow-up laboratory study and kidney CT was performed at day 1, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after ablation and thereafter semi-annually. The mean follow-up duration was 18.2 months(range: 4-27 months). RESULTS: All the patients underwent successful RFA without any serious events. Four patients had mild perinephric hematoma on the follow-up CT scan and there was one case of mild gross hematuria postoperatively. With a mean follow-up of 18.2 months, two patients showed residual tumor at 3 months & 22 months, respectively, on the follow-up contrast- enhanced CT after the first tumor ablation. One patient underwent a second RFA and another patient underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy, and no residual tumor was seen on the follow-up CT. Distant metastasis was not found in any cases and all the patients are alive on serial follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Percutaneous or laparoscopic RFA is considered a useful treatment for selected patients who have a small renal mass, and to spare the nephrons. The ultimate role of this modality will continue to evolve and this warrants further studies.
Aged ; Creatinine ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hematoma ; Hematuria ; Humans ; Kidney ; Laparoscopy ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm, Residual ; Nephrectomy ; Nephrons ; Physical Examination