BACKGROUND: Recently, clinical use of fresh frozen plasma(FFP) has increased in all blood transfusion activity. But inappropriate uses of FFP may be serious problem due to adverse transfusion reactions, viral transmission, and economic aspects. The aim of this study is to justify clinical indication of FFP by receiving the inappropriate use of them. METHODS: Analyzing hospital records of 115 patients transfused with FFP at Kyung Hee Medical Center from January to April 1998, retrospectively, we investigated the purpose of transfusions, the volume of transfused FFP, and the results of pre- and post-coagulation tests. RESULTS: The most common purpose of transfusions of FFP was plasma volume replacement after surgical operation. Coagulation tests of pre- and post-transfusion were performed 85% and 47%, respectively. Fifty-seven patients(88%) transfused FFP have shown normal results in pre-coagulation tests, and the volume replacement with FFP was done inadequately in 62 cases(54%). CONCLUSION: We conclude that, in order to eliminate side effects due to inappropriate use of FFP, and protect patients, it is necessary to make guidelines of FFP transfusion, educate hospital staffs regularly, and perform pre- and post-coagulation tests routinely for the patients who need FFP transfusion. (Korean J Blood Transfusion 10(1): 5-12, 1999)
Blood Group Incompatibility ; Blood Transfusion ; Hospital Records ; Humans ; Plasma Volume ; Plasma* ; Retrospective Studies

Decreased sensitivity of N. gonorrhoeae to many existing antibiotics and the emergence and increase of penicillinase producing and of spectinomycin resistant N. gonorrhoeae necessitate intensive efforts to study on resistance. Male patients with uncomplicated gonococcal urethritis treated during the year 1990 at the VD clinic of Choong-ku Public Health Center in Seoul were included in this study. A total of 85 strains, 44 strains of non-PPNG and 41 strains of PPNG isolated from the patients were studied to evaluate their sensitivities to ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, spectinomycin and cotrimazole. The results are summerized as follw: In non-PPNG strains, the range of MICs. MIC50 and MIC90 for both ampicillin and penicillin were 0.125-32, 2 and 16 mcg/ml respectively. For cefoxitin, they were 0.125-8, s and 16 mcg/ml respectively, and for kanamycin, 8--<64, 32 and 64 mcg/ml, respectively. For tetracycline, they were 1-64, 8 and 32 mcg/ml, while for erythromycin, 0.06-16, 2 and 8 mcg/ml respectively. For spectinomycin, they were 4--<64, 32 and 64 mcg/ml and for cotrimazole, 5--<160, 40 and 160 mcg/ml respectively. In the case of PPNG, the range of MICS, MIC50 and MIC90 for ampicillin were 8--<128, 32 and 128 mcg/ml respectively but for penicillin, 8--<128, 64 and 128 mcg/ml respectively. And for cefoxitin, they were 0.5-32, 4 and 16 mcg/ml while for kanamycin, 16--<64, 64 and >64 mcg/ml respectively. For tetracycline, the values were 2-64, 16 and 32 mcg/ml, and for erythromycin, they were 0.5-16, 4 and 8 mcg/ml respectively. for spectinomycin, they were 8--<64, 32, and 64 mcg/ml and finally for cotrimazole, 5--<160, 80 and 160 mcg/ml respectively. From these results, it is concluded that the MICs of both PPNG and non-PPNG were about 2 folds higher than the results of sensitivity tests at the same instituition in 1985. 2) The prevalence of PPNG among 35 gonorrhoeae patients who received treatment before the visit was 60% (21/35), while that among the patients without previous treatment was 40% (20/50). 3) In the cases of ampicillin, penicillin and cotrimazole, their MIC values were found to be significantly higher for the strains isolated from the patients with previous treatment history than those without previous treatment (p<0.05). 4) In non-PPNG strains, a significant positive correlation is found between the sensitivities to most pairs of ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, kanamycin, tetracycline, erythromycin and spectinomycin. However this excludes some pairs such as : tetracycline-cefoxitin, erythromycin-penicillin, erythromycin-cefoxitin, spectinomycin-penicillin, and spectinomycincefoxitin (p<0.05). 5) In PPNG strains, a significant positive correlation is also found between the sensitivities to most pairs of ampicillin, penicillin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, erythromycin and spectinomycin. However, the exceptional cases include tetracycline-cefoxitin, erythromyoinpenicillin, erythromycin-cefoxitin, spectinomycin-penicillin, and spectinomycin-cefoxitin pairs. In addition, the sensitivity to kanamycin was found to be strongly correlated with that to tetracycline, erytheromycin and spectinomycin (p<0.05). Therefore it is essential for the management fo gonorrhoeae, together with a correct diagnosis, to use currently most effective treatment regimens which would also prevent the emergence of resistant strains. It is also suggested that when a treatment is failed, to use the durg which do not show correlation in sensitivities on re-treatment.
Ampicillin ; Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Antibodies* ; Cefoxitin ; Diagnosis ; Erythromycin ; Humans ; Kanamycin ; Male ; Penicillinase ; Penicillins ; Prevalence ; Public Health ; Seoul ; Spectinomycin ; Tetracycline ; Urethritis

It is not clear whether glomerular hypertrophy is related to the pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). We analyzed renal biopsies from 20 adults with FSGS by morphometry, and the data were compared with those from age- and sex-matched patients with minimal lesion. Mean glomerular volume in the FSGS group was significantly larger than that in the minimal lesion group[(3.4 + 1.1 vs 2.5 0.5)x10(6) micrometer3, P<0.01]. The percentage of glomeruli with global and segmental sclerosis in FSGS group was significantly correlated with the mean glomerular volume (r=+0.66, P<0.001). Relative interstitial volume of renal cortex in the FSGS group was correlated with the serum creatinine concentration(r=+0.5, P<0.05). These results suggest that glomerular hypertrophy observed in our patients with FSGS was related to nephron loss caused by glomerulosclerosis. The interstitial fibrosis may lead to obliteration of postglomerular interstitial capillary network with secondary elevation of glomerular capillary pressure resulting in progressive loss of renal function.
Adult ; Male ; Female ; Humans ; Biopsy

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

No abstract available.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia*

PURPOSE: To investigate the difference in donor corneal cell changes after penetrating keratoplasty in various corneal diseases. METHODS: Subjects included 36 eyes from 35 people with at least 6 months of follow-up who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty between August 2000 and December 2002. The patients were classified into three groups based on the state of the corneal endothelium. Changes in cell density, polymorphisms, and polymegathism of the donor cornea were compared between groups. Results were analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS: The overall corneal endothelial cell density after grafting was lower, but the differences in endothelial cell states between the recipient cases were not statistically significant. The change in corneal endothelial cell density showed a significantly higher difference (p=0.0013) when patients had either undergone a rejection episode during recovery or recurred herpetic uveitis. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative state of the corneal endothelium may affect the survival of donor corneal endothelium after grafting. However, rejection of the transplant contributes more significantly to the survival of the donor corneal endothelium than other factors. We suggest close observation and keen therapy with respect to rejection after grafting.
Cell Count ; Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplants ; Uveitis

PURPOSE: To investigate the difference in donor corneal cell changes after penetrating keratoplasty in various corneal diseases. METHODS: Subjects included 36 eyes from 35 people with at least 6 months of follow-up who had undergone penetrating keratoplasty between August 2000 and December 2002. The patients were classified into three groups based on the state of the corneal endothelium. Changes in cell density, polymorphisms, and polymegathism of the donor cornea were compared between groups. Results were analyzed by ANOVA. RESULTS: The overall corneal endothelial cell density after grafting was lower, but the differences in endothelial cell states between the recipient cases were not statistically significant. The change in corneal endothelial cell density showed a significantly higher difference (p=0.0013) when patients had either undergone a rejection episode during recovery or recurred herpetic uveitis. CONCLUSIONS: The preoperative state of the corneal endothelium may affect the survival of donor corneal endothelium after grafting. However, rejection of the transplant contributes more significantly to the survival of the donor corneal endothelium than other factors. We suggest close observation and keen therapy with respect to rejection after grafting.
Cell Count ; Cornea ; Corneal Diseases ; Corneal Transplantation* ; Endothelial Cells ; Endothelium, Corneal* ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Keratoplasty, Penetrating ; Tissue Donors* ; Transplants ; Uveitis

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to a quire the supplemental information needed by the general public. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Subjects of the study, totalling 1576, were from the three major cities of Taegu, Kwang-joo, Pusan and their surrounding districts. The subjects recruited were between the ages of study were developed by these researchers based on literature review and professional experience. The data were analysed by computing frequencies, percentages and testing ANCOVA in SAS program. RESULTS: It was noted that the knowledge level of cancer prevention and early detection for the most common cancers in Korea(stomach, lung, liver, cervical, and breast cancer) was low. Knowledge that the subjects had was correct or extremely limited. Subjects had a positive attitude about engaging in cancer prevention and early detection. They were motivated to earn more about it once they recognized cancer as being a fatal disease. Another finding is that is would be necessary to encourage an improvement in subject health habits. the percentage of subjects who had screening tests for cancer was very low. Regular screening test's rate for the five major cancers were very rare. The majority of subjects had not undergone any diagnostic tests. CONCLUSION: the results of this survey could be used as a framework for the developmental strategies of an educational program for the general population. The response of subjects was favorable, as they were willing to take preventative action independently.
Breast ; Busan ; Daegu ; Diagnostic Tests, Routine ; Korea* ; Liver ; Lung ; Mass Screening

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a carbohydrate-preference rating scale (CPRS) and to investigate its validity and reliability. METHODS: A 10-item questionnaire was developed or selected by three psychiatrists. The questionnaire was administered to 157 female college students in Seoul. Construct validity was investigated by performing a principal component analysis, and reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency using Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The principal component analysis revealed three factors underlying carbohydrate prefer-ences : habits of carbohydrate consumption, ability to control the consumption of carbohydrates and body weight, and the addition of sugar when drinking coffee. Taken together, these three factors accounted for 57.390% of the common variance. Cronbach's alpha was high, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire was satisfactory. When comparing the total score of the questionnaire by T test, the eating disorder group showed higher score than the control group. CONCLUSION: The results indicate that the CPRS is a reliable and valid scale for assessing carbo-hydrate preferences. Although there are a lot of limitations, present study has significance as the basis of future research.
Body Weight ; Carbohydrates ; Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation ; Coffee ; Drinking ; Eating ; Feeding and Eating Disorders ; Female ; Humans ; Principal Component Analysis ; Psychiatry ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No abstract available.
Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections* ; Teicoplanin*