To evaluate correlation between the expression of neu and ras oncoprotein and epidermal growth factor receptor on breast carcinoma and other known prognostic factors, immunohisto-chemical studies were performed. Positive reaction for neu, which appeared as brown granular deposits along cell surface and cytoplasm of the tumor cells, was significantly correlated with the histological grade but not with other prognostic factors such as tumor size, lymph node me-tastasis, local recurrence, and estrogen and progesteron receptor status. Also granular deposits of ras were noted in the carcinoma cells in the cytoplasm, while the epithelaial cells of the normal lobule and duct showed negative reation. But expression of ras was not significantly associated ras with other prognostic factors. The reaction for EGFR was mostly negative on epithelial cells of both the normal lobule and duct, and was not significantly associated with other prognostic factors. The results suggested that expression of the neu oncoprotein is significantly associated with the histological grade of breast carcinoma, while the ras and the EGFR do not show significant prognostic value.
Breast Neoplasms

The basic criteria of facial reconstruction with the flap are consisted of easy and wide applicability, good color and texture matching to the face and reliable anatomical basis. On these points, the submental island flap is superior to other regional flaps such as tissue expansion technique and free flaps It is based on the submental vessels branching from the facial vessels located at the medial groove of submandibular gland. Its pedicle has a reliable course along the inferior border of mandible with a constant distance and its perforator(s) is (are) located at the submental area around the anterior belly of digastric muscle. We report on its use in 4 cases of facial resurfacing on the cheek, the preauricular area and the nose in arteriovenous malformation and malignant skin cancer patients. The mylohyoid and anterior belly of digastric muscles could be included within the flap and the reverse submental island flap was also useful for obtaining the wide rotation of arc. The mean follow-up period was 8.3 months and the results were satisfactory to the patients. The submental island flap is reliable flap for facial resurfacing because of its good color and texture, acceptable donor scars, and thin, flexible flap. The flap also can incorperate with the skin, the muscle, and the bone in case of complicated facial defects. The long vascular pedicle also enables a wide applicability of the flap And also it can be used as a free flap, expanded flap and reverse island flap for the facial resurfacing.
Arteriovenous Malformations ; Cheek ; Cicatrix ; Follow-Up Studies ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Humans ; Mandible ; Muscles ; Nose ; Skin ; Skin Neoplasms ; Submandibular Gland ; Tissue Donors ; Tissue Expansion

BACKGROUND: Although immunophenotyping of leukemias has improved diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility, it has also caused diagnostic confusion regarding the lineage of leukemic cells. So far, lots of papers about acute leukemias with coexpression of another lineage markers with different technical methodologies and different criteria have been published in Korea and other countries. The authors investigated the frequency and immunophenotypic characteristics of the leukemias with aberrant lineage markers from data obtained at Korea University Hospital by a retrospective study. METHODS: From Jan. 1993 to Feb. 1996, 179 leukemias had been requested for immunophenotypig and 28 cases among them with unusual immunophenotypes were retrieved according to their immunophenotyping results. For the final diagnosis all the slides stained with Wright-Giemsa, peroxidase, Periodic-Acid Schiff, Sudan black B, and nonspecific esterase were re-examined, and all the flow cytometric results were reanalyzed. RESULTS: Among 28 cases, 3 cases(10%) were acute biphenotypic leukemias(BP) one with B lymphoid and myeloid markers and the other two with T lymphoid and myeloid markers. One case of intralineage bilinear acute leukemia(ILBL) with two separate populations of megakaryocytic cells and monocytic cells was noted. 6 cases(21%) were acute myeloblastic leukemias expressing lymphoid associated markers(Ly+AMLs; CD19) and 8 cases(28%) were myeloid antigen-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemias(My+ALLs, four with CD13+ and three with CD33+ and one with blastic transformation of chronic myelogeneous leukemia). Because of the change in diagnostic criteria, lymphocyte contamination, or low setting of negative control, 10 cases (36%) were not included to be of unusual immunophenotypes. CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of acute hybrid leukemia was 2.2 % of all leukemias. Ly+AMLs was 3.4%, and My+ALL was 4.4%. In conclusion, first, quality control of the flow cytometry and careful interpretation especially in terms of positive cut-off value and gating, are needed. Secondly, national guidelines for the criteria of the hybrid leukemia and My+ALLs and Ly+AMLs are necessary for the elucidation of the prognostic implication of those leukemias.
Carboxylesterase ; Diagnosis ; Flow Cytometry ; Immunophenotyping ; Korea ; Leukemia* ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute ; Lymphocytes ; Peroxidase ; Quality Control ; Retrospective Studies ; Sudan

A 42-year-old woman presented with ichthyosiform eruptions on her trunk and buttock which developed 20 days prior to consulatation. She had taken the cholesterol-lowering drug(lovastatin, a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitor) for 4 months. After stopping the drug, the skin lesions gradually improved and after two months most of the lesions had disappeared. After 3 months of follow up the skin lesions could not be seen any more. Acquired ichthyosis in our patient could be an untoward effect of HMG CoA reductase inhibitor by disturbing the skin lipid metabolism.
Adult ; Buttocks ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases ; Ichthyosis* ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lovastatin ; Oxidoreductases ; Skin

No abstract available.
Hydronephrosis* ; Urography*

BACKGROUND: "Rebuild-up" phenomenon, induced by hyperventilation, is a characteristic finding on EEG in children with Moyamoya disease. Its mechanism, however, remains obscure. In this study, we examined the relationship between cerebral lesions on MRI, stenosis or occlusion of cerebral vessel on cerebral angiography, and EEG findings in children with Moyamoya disease. METHODS: We have reviewed medical records of 33 patients, who were confirmed as Moyamoya disease by cerebral angiography at Asan Medical Center. EEG and brain MRI were carried out in all subjects. RESULTS: 1) Epidemiologic data were : the male to female ratio was 1:1.1; highest rate(90.7%) of onset in age group below 10 years; mean age at clinical onset was 7.4 years; average diagnostic interval from clinical onset to diagnosis was 1.9 years. 2) The most common initial and recurrent or residual symptoms were motor deficit. 3) The most common site of occlusion or stenosis of cerebral vessel on cerebral angiography was anterior cerebral area(>97%) and the most common cerebral infarction area on brain MRI was anterior cerebral area, too. 4) The hyperventilation(for 3 minutes) on EEG were carried out in 25 patients and the prolonged build-up or rebuild-up phenomenon was observed in 13 patients(52%). 5) The prolonged build-up or rebuild-up phenomenon on EEG was observed in 6 of 15 patients who were occlusion of cerebral vessel, and in 7 of 10 patients who were stenosis of cerebral vessel on angiography. CONCLUSION: 1) The background slowings on EEG maybe suggestive of the infarction stage of Moyamoya disease in children. 2) The prolonged build-up or rebuild-up phenomenon might indicate the preinfarction stage of Moyamoya disease in children.
Angiography ; Brain ; Cerebral Angiography ; Cerebral Infarction ; Child ; Chungcheongnam-do ; Constriction, Pathologic ; Diagnosis ; Electroencephalography ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperventilation ; Infarction ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Medical Records ; Moyamoya Disease*

From Jan. 1987 to May 1994, we carried out cementless total hip arthroplasties using hydroxyapatite-coated Omnifit system, and among these, 63 cases in 49 patients were followed up more than 24 months. The average Harris Hip Score was 46.3 points preoperatively, 95.4 points at POD 1 year and 96.2 points at POD 2 years. Two patients (3%) complained thigh pain at POD 2 years. On the radiologic findings, endosteal bone formation was noted in 34 cases (53,9 %), radiolucent lines were seen at the non-coating region of distal stem in 41 cases (65.3%), which were less than 2mm and not progressive. Cortical hypertrophy was noted in 5 cases (8.4%), and calcar atrophy was observed in 31 cases (49 %).
Arthroplasty ; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip* ; Atrophy ; Durapatite* ; Hip ; Humans ; Hypertrophy ; Osteogenesis ; Thigh

The following case of solitary bone cyst of the proximal femur was misdiagnosed as fibrous dysplasia because of similarity of X-ray findings and was confirmed by histological findings. The cyst was treated by curettage, packing with autogenous iliac bone and kiel bone graft and internal fixation with Ender nail. The most recent evaluation one year after surgery showed no pain and recurrence.
Bone Cysts ; Curettage ; Femur ; Recurrence ; Transplants

No abstract available.
Abdominal Pain* ; Humans

No abstract available.
Abdominal Pain* ; Humans