No abstract available.
Walking*

Genomic DNAs were extracted from cervical lavages of 49 patients with cervical cancer. Dot and Southern blot hybridization were performed using the P-labeled HFV DNA probes to find high risk HPV(type 16 and 18) infection that is known as the mast prevalent pathogenic factor in cervical cancer. Furthermore, genornic DNAs purified frnm cervical cancer tissues were studied in 8 out of 49 patients allowing us to convince the results from cervical lavages. The results were as follaws: 1. Dot blot analysis were used to examine the sensitivity and specificity of hybridization condition and HPV-DNA probes. Fasitive signals were obtained even at the level of 10pg for HPV DNA, but no signals could he detected at the level of as much as 400pg for salmon sperm DNA. 2. Dot blot of DNAs from cervircal lavages showed positive signals in 32.7%(16/49) with HPV type 16 probe and 20.4% (10/49)and one mixed infection was found. 3. When the DNAs from cervircal lavages of 49 patients were classified according to the clinical stage of cervical cancer, the infection rates of HPV type 16 and 18 were 50% (2/4) in CIN, 80% (4/5) in stage I, 64. 2% (9/14) in stage I b, 45% (9I20) in stage II and 16. 7% (1/6) in stage Ill and K respectively. The occurrenr,e of HPV type 16 and 18 seemed to be the highest in the cervical cancer stage 1 (68.4%(13/19). 4. Experiments perfornecl with genomic DNAs from 8 cancer tissues showed similar results compared to those of cervical lavages, but the intensity of positive signals was stronger. 5. Genomic DNAs from 5 patients(3 cases from cervical lavages and 2 cases from cervical cancer tissues) which showed strong positive signals to the dot blot analysis were further examined by Southern blot hybridixation using HFV type 16 DNA probe. When DNAs were digested with Pst 1 restriction enzyme, the five characteristic frgmenta of BFV type 16(2.8, l.9, l.6, 1.0 and 0.5 kb long in length) were recognized in ell 5 cases, These results may suggest a direet relatianship between HPV type 16 & 18 infectioas considered as the most effective methods for HPV detectioe and typing. Mo1ecular biclogieal studies in the reserarch of HPV are expected to reveal and help us understand the pathogenesis of cervical cancer.
Blotting, Southern ; Coinfection ; DNA Probes ; DNA* ; Humans* ; Salmon ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Spermatozoa ; Therapeutic Irrigation ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms*

BACKGROUND: It is now well known that oxygen free radicals act as mediators of cellular injury in many cardiovascular diseases. Although some evidences have been presented for an altered number of adrenergic receptors in heart disease, a detailed examination of the interaction of free radicals with cardiac adrenergic receptors has little been carried out. METHODS: This study is therefore undertaken to examine the influences of adrenergic blocking agents(propranolol, prazosin) and cyclooxygenase inhibitor(aspirin) on the cardiac damage by oxygen free radicals. Ischemic condition of the isolated rat heart was made by Langendorff preparation, and then measured superoxide dismutase(SOD), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) released in the perfusate, and malondialdhyde(MDA) concentration in the cardiac tissue. RESULTS: We obtained the results that increased SOD activity and tendency of decreased LDH activity by the pretreatment of propranolol, prazosin, and aspirin in cardiac ischemic-reperfusion injury. Those effects were more predominant in adriamycin treated group comparing with not treated group. CONCLUSION: Adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, prazosin, and aspirin seem to have some protective effect on the reperfusion injury of the heart.
Adrenergic Agents* ; Animals ; Aspirin ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Doxorubicin ; Free Radicals* ; Heart ; Heart Diseases ; Lactic Acid ; Oxygen* ; Prazosin ; Propranolol ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases ; Rats ; Receptors, Adrenergic ; Reperfusion Injury ; Superoxides

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the usefulness of exercise echocardiography in diagnosis of coronary artery disease and to compare it with exercise ECG test. METHOD: We performed exercise test in 48 patients who suffered from angina-like chest pain, according to the modified Bruce protocol. During exercise, we observed the ECG changes and recored the images of left ventricular wall motion before and after exercise on the video tape. The echocardiogram were digitally stored and displayed in a format that allowed simultaneous analysis of rest and stress images. Newly developed left ventricular wall motion abnormalities were determined as positive findings. RESULTS: The feasibility of exercise echocardiography was 75%. The sensitivity and specificity fo exercise ECG test was 67% and 89%. The sensitivity and specificity of exercise echocardiography was 85% and 100%. The sensitivity of ECG and echocardiography was 50%(7 of 14) and 78.6%(11 of 14) in those with one-vessle disease and 84.6%(11 of 13) and 92.3%(12 fo 13) in those with multi-vessle disease. CONCLUSION: Exercise stress echocardiography was very usefull method for detecting the coronary artery disease especially in single vessle disease. And it had much higher accuracy than the stress ECG test.
Chest Pain ; Coronary Artery Disease* ; Coronary Vessels* ; Diagnosis* ; Echocardiography ; Echocardiography, Stress* ; Electrocardiography ; Exercise Test ; Humans ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone were measured to evaluate various status of clinical conditions in normal controls and patients with essential hypertension. Fourteen controls and 45 essential hypertensive patients for PRA, and 10 controls and 28 patients with essential hypertension for plasma aldosterone were studied. The results obtained are summarizing as follows. 1. Mean value of PRA of normal subjects was 2.9+/-1.4ng/ml/hr at rest, and 5.9+/-2.3ng/ml/hr by double stimulation, respectively, the latter elevated up to twice the former. 2. Mean value of PRA in the patients with essential hypertension was 3.37+/-3.0ng/ml/hr at rest, and 5.99+/-4.9ng/ml/hr by double stimulation. The latter have increased to 1.8 times the former. 3. The patients with low PRA observed in 33.3%, the normal in 42.2%, and the high in 22.5%, at rest. After double stimulation, the low group was observed in 22.2%, the normal in 60.0%, and the high in 17.8%. 4. Mean age of the patietns with low PRA was 57.2+/-2.6 years. Though it was higher than those of normal and high PRA groups(52.0+/-10.1 years), statistical significances were observed (0.05 Aldosterone* ; Blood Pressure ; Cholesterol ; Electrocardiography ; Furosemide ; Humans ; Hypertension* ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; Motor Activity ; Plasma* ; Potassium ; Proteinuria ; Renin* ; Sodium ; Triglycerides

Distal foot defect is frequently encountered as an output site in high-tension electrical burn injuries, and proper treatment methods should be applied in order to achieve a properly-functioning foot. However, in distal foot defects around the metatarsal heads or metatarsophalangeal joints, conventional methods have not been ideal, replaced by such methods as secondary healing, amputation or skin graft because there was insufficient tissue in the distal foot and the general condition of the patient was unsuitable for distant or free flap surgeries. So, in order to establish convenient, promising methods for the reconstruction of distal foot defects in severe electrical burns, we classified the distal foot into four zones according to their blood supply and we defined or created ideal reverse flaps in each zone. From April 1996 to March 1999, we reconstructed 43 cases of distal foot defects in fourth-degree high voltage electrical burn wounds. In 19 cases of MP(medial plantar) zone injuries, we used reverse medial plantar island flap and in 5 cases of DP(dorsalis pedis) zone, we created a reverse dorsalis pedis island fascia flap, In 11 cases of P(peroneal) zone, we created reverse peroneal fascia flap and in 8 cases of I (intermediate) zone, we modified a reverse posterior tibial island flap, There was partial flap necrosis or grafted skin loss in five cases, but those were extremely minor problems and we successfully reconstructed distal foot defects in all 43 cases. In conclusion, proper reverse flaps according to the zone of the distal foot are ideal reconstructive methods because they provide good vascularization, sufficient tissue from the proximal parts and they require short operative time with relatively easy procedures.
Amputation ; Burns* ; Fascia ; Foot* ; Free Tissue Flaps ; Head ; Humans ; Metatarsal Bones ; Metatarsophalangeal Joint ; Necrosis ; Operative Time ; Skin ; Transplants ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Microdialysis* ; Myocardium*

Authers analysed the electrocardiographic exercise test of 196 cases of normal and 150 cases of various diseases according to the Minnesota Code, Master's criteria and Lepeschkin's criteria and following results were obtained. 1. In normal cases, Lepeschkin's method of analysis of single Master's exercise test revealed less frequent false positive case (7.7%) than those of Master's (12.1%) and Minnesota Code (12.6%). 2. ST-segment changes by the Minnesota Code in the postexercise electrocardiogram were obtained 12.6% of nomal cases, 63.9% of the cases of anginal symptoms, 31.5% of hypertension and 15.4% of diabetes mellitus. 3. Positive exercise test by the Master's criteria in the postexercise electrocardiogram were obtained 12.1% of normal cases, 63.9% of the cases of anginal symptoms, 31.5% of hypertension and 15.4% of diabetes mellitus. 4. Positive exercise test by the Lepeschkin's criteria in the postexercise electorcardiogram were obtained 7.7% of normal cases, 50% of the cases of anginal symptoms, 18.4% of hypertension and 15.4% of diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes Mellitus ; Electrocardiography* ; Exercise Test* ; Hypertension ; Minnesota

Acute digitalization with ouabain were performed 28 times in 20 intact Mongrel dogs, who were devided into four groups : i.e. 1) Control group; Acute digitalizations were performed to observe the changes of the plasma potassium and sodium concentrations and the concomittent electrocardiographic findings. 2) Group 1;-Electrolyte solution, either KCl or NaCl, was infused during acute digitalization to observe the influences of these ions on the actions of cardiac glycoside, especially arrhythmia producing action. 3) Group 2 ; -The K depleted group and the Na depleted group was each made by the measure of diet control and the usage of oral diuretics to observe the influences of the state of depleted electrolyte (K or Na) on the action of cardiac glycoside during acute digitalization. 4) Group 3 ; -The intravenous infusion of either KCl or NaCl solution was introduced as the cardiac arrhythmia by the ouabain was produced to observe the effects of these ions on the digitalis induced arrhythmia. The results obtained were summarized as follows. (1) The arterial plasma concentration of potassium was increased during acute digitalization. The rise occurred at early stage, and the maximal increase of potassium was observed at the ventricular tachycardia. The average increase was 0.65 mEq/L as compared to control value (p<0.05). The arterial plasma concentration of sodium was reduced during acute digitalization. The fall occurred following the rise of plasma K level. The maximal reduction of sodium was observed after ventricular tachycardia, and the average decrease was 5.2 mEq/L as compared to control value (p<0.05). (2) Rapid increase up to toxic level of the plasma potassium concentration occurred occasionally during acute digitalization in the group with KCl infusion. This result was best explained due to the inhibitory action of cardiac glycoside on the K transport. (3) The interesting change was on T wave, which showed the peaking at late portion. This change occured in 60.6% during digitalization with ouabain, and paralleled mostly, but not consistently and even sometimes inversely, with the shift of plasma potassium concentration. It is tempting to assume that the change of T wave was resulted from an altered potassium gradient across the myocardial cells rather than a ssuming the changes of the plasma K level. (4) Just prior to intoxication, the marked prolongation of PR interval and ST depression were observed in about 70~80% of the cases studied. These changes might be applicable to a clue of the cardiac glycoside overdosage. (5) The intravenous infusion of KCl suppressed markedly the arrhythmia producing action of the cardiac glycoside, and resulted in prompt and dramatic abolishing, of digitalis induced arrhythmia. The intravenous infusion of KCl solution, however, produced A-V block or dissociation occasionally. This finding would be likely resulted from the additive or synergistic action of K and cardiac glycoside in suppressing A-V conducting system. (6) The NaCl infusion affected nothing to the arrhythmia producing action of cardiac glycoside. (7) The K depletion reduced markedly the threshold of the heart to the toxic effects of cardiac glycoside. (8) Potent diuretics in the state of deficient diet would produce clinically significant hypopotassemia and hyponatremia or both. The inducced hypopotassemia may provoke serious cardiac arrhythmia in the digitalized patients or animals.
Animals ; Arrhythmias, Cardiac ; Depression ; Diet ; Digitalis ; Diuretics ; Dogs ; Electrocardiography ; Electrolytes* ; Heart ; Humans ; Hypokalemia ; Hyponatremia ; Infusions, Intravenous ; Ions ; Ouabain ; Plasma ; Potassium ; Sodium ; Tachycardia, Ventricular

CT may be valuably used indetermination of proptosis. Normal value of eyeball protrusion was measured innormal Koreans using CT. Among 86 Koreans, 26 have normal both eyes, but 60 have one normal eye with one abnormaleye (chiefly, proptosis and and eyeball tumor) The results of 112 eyes are as follows; Absolute measurement of“a”, that is, the distance between cornea & IZL (interzygomatic line) is 16.0±3.4mm in male (for 63 eye),15.7±4.0 mm in female for 49 eyes. Ratio of “a” over “A” (A-P diameter of eyeball) is 57±12% is male (for 63eye), 57±14% in female (for 49 eye) Discrepancy of eyeball protrusion between both eyes is 0.67±1.5mm (for 26adults) Practically, normal range of eyeball prototrusion(“a”) is 12.6mm< male< 19.4mm, 11.7mm
Adult ; Cornea ; Exophthalmos ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Reference Values