There is considerable experimental evidence to indicate that tumor growth is dependent on angiogenesis. However, we do not understand how the angiogenic activity is initiated by a given tumor. There is a clear distinction between a stage without neovascularization, which correlates with a paucity of metastases, and a stage in which increasing neovascularization correlates with a rising rate of metastasis. The authors therefore asked whether the extent of angiogenesis in human prostatic carcinoma is correlated with the tumor grades or some growth factors. To investigate how tumor angiogenesis correlates with tumor aggressiveness, the authors counted microvessels within the various grades of invasive prostatic carcinomas of 44 patients and the nodular hyperplasias of 10 patients. Highlighting of the vessels by immunohistochemical staining for factor VIII-related antigen and assessment of the tumor aggressiveness by the degree of expression of some growth factors(transforming growth factor-alpha, and beta, epidermal growth factor), tumor necrosis factor-alpha and tumor grading(Gleason's score) were done. As a result, both microvessel counts and the expression of growth factors and tumor necrosis factor correlated with tumor grades. In conclusion, the number of microvessels per 200 X fields in the areas of most intense neovascularization in a prostatic carcinoma may be a predictor of the patient's prognosis. Therefore, assessment of tumor angiogenesis may prove valuable in selecting patients with prostatic carcinoma, especially small needle biopsy, for aggressive therapy.
Humans ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

PURPOSE: Recently in light of the development in immunology, interferon- e and inter- leukin-2 or combination therapy with anticancer drugs have been performed. This study aims to verify and compare the efficacy of therapies using interferon- a alone, interferon- a plus vinblastine, and interferon- a plus interleukin-2 plus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) plus 13-cis retinoic acid (13cRA) in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 29 patients were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either interferon- a alone or interferon- a plus vinblastine or interferon- a plus interleukin-2 plus 5-FU plus 13cRA from December 1989 to May 1998. The most frequent metastatic sites were the lung, lymph nodes, bone, liver, and brain. We studied the response rates, survival period, and complications of each regimen. RESULTS: Responses were achieved in 1 out of 1~5 patients (6.73?o) on interferon- a alone (partial responses lasting 13 months), 1 out of 9 patients (11.1%) on interferon- e plus vinblastine (partial responses lasting 25 months) and 1 out of 5 patients (20.0%) on interferon-a plus IL-2 plus 5-FU plus 13cRA regimen (partial responses lasting 14 months). The median durations of survival were 18, 33, and 23 months respectively. The overall response rate was 10.3% and overall median duration of survival was 19 months. The most common side effects were flu-like symptom such as fever, chills (93.1%), skin symptom such as erythema, pruritus (31.0%), G-I symptom such as nausea, vomiting (17.2%), netropenia (10.3%), abnormal LFT (10.3%), and thrombocytopenia (3.4%). CONCLUSIONS: This study confirms the manageability and tolerability of several regimen used. There is no significant differences in response rates and survival duration among the regimens used in this study. The effective immunotherapy in patients with metastatic RCC should be evaluated by further studies of larger patients groups even though a minority of patients responded.
Allergy and Immunology ; Brain ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell* ; Chills ; Erythema ; Fever ; Fluorouracil ; Humans ; Immunotherapy* ; Interferon-alpha ; Interferons* ; Interleukin-2 ; Liver ; Lung ; Lymph Nodes ; Nausea ; Pruritus ; Skin ; Survival Rate ; Thrombocytopenia ; Tretinoin ; Vinblastine ; Vomiting

No abstract available.
Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach*

No abstract available.
Knee* ; Physical Examination*

No abstract available.
Dislocations* ; Spine*

Ganglions are defined as cystic swellings closely connected to joints or tendon sheath, and contain mucinous material. Their most frequent site is the wrist and hand and occasionally they are found at ankle and knee. Some authors had reported rare cases of ganglion occured near the elbow joint which showed neurologic symptom by compressing the ulna nerve. We experienced two cases of ganglion which had occured at the elbow joint. Neurological symptoms were developed by compressing the ulna and radial nerve each sround the elbow joint.
Ankle ; Elbow Joint ; Elbow ; Ganglion Cysts ; Hand ; Joints ; Knee ; Mucins ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Radial Nerve ; Tendons ; Ulna ; Wrist

PURPOSE: To evaluate the clinical results of the treatment of the percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation of bony mallet finger using an 18 gauge needle. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From September 2002 to September 2009, we performed closed reduction using an 18 gauge needle and percutaneous fixation with Kirschner wire for 15 cases of bony mallet finger and followed up at least 1 year. The fractures were classified by the Wehbe and Schneider's method. Indications of operative treatment were fractures involving more than 30% of articular surface, fracture fragments displaced more than 3 mm, or subluxation of the distal interphalangeal joint. The results were evaluated by the Crawford criteria. RESULTS: All the fractures united, with an average healing time of 5.3 weeks(4-6 weeks). According to Crawford criteria, 10 cases were excellent, 5 cases were fair at a mean follow-up of 13 months. There were no pin tract infections and migrations of the pin. CONCLUSION: Percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation of mallet finger using an 18 gauge needle is an easy technique which can achieve anatomical reduction and diminish operation-related complications.
Fingers ; Follow-Up Studies ; Joints ; Needles

The authors report the clinical results of ten cases of complex supracondylar fractures treated by external fixation with a mean follow up of 21 months. Six cases were closed comminuted fracture, and four cases were open fractures. By AO classification six cases were type C2, two type C3, one type Al, and one type A3. Four cases had associated vascular injury. Reduction was performed by closed method in eight cases, and two cases were reduced through open wound. All cases healed at average of 142 days. Final healing of all cases occurred with an average range of motion of 3°-119° except one case which required reapplication due to infected nonunion with a gap. In nine cases of the ten functional results were rated as "good", and one case was "fair" by Iowa Knee Rating Scale. In conclusion, definitive external fixation can be a good alternative treatment modality despite previous recommendations to limit external fixation to temporary application in cases of limb salvage, such as severe comminution or pre-existing infection.
Classification ; External Fixators ; Femur ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fractures, Comminuted ; Fractures, Open ; Iowa ; Knee ; Limb Salvage ; Methods ; Range of Motion, Articular ; Vascular System Injuries ; Wounds and Injuries

No abstract available.
Liver*

Eight bacterial strains were examined whether they have phoP/phoQ genes which were known to be involved in the intracellular survival of Salmonella typhimurium. The phoP/phoQ operon were known to sense the stimuli of the genes involved in the adaptation of the environment. Using 514-basepairs EcoRV DNA fragment of phoP region of Salmonella typhimurium as a probe, dot blot hybridization were performed. Chromosomal DNAs of Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marscescens, Enterobacter cloacae, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, and Listeria monocytogenes were examined by DNA hybridization assay. Against our expectation, intracellular pathogen, L. monocytogenes, did not have similar DNA sequences to phoP/phoQ of S. typhimurium, while E, coli, S. dysenteriae, and E. cloacae showed the positive signal even though they were not intracellular pathogens. This result suggested that the phoP/phoQ operon was absent in intracellular pathogenic bacterias other than S. typhimurium. Rather it was found in phylogenetically closer bacterias to S. typhimurium, which were not able to survive in intracellular environment. Some different mechanism, which is not dependent on phoP/phoQ operon, could be involved in the intracellular survival of L. monocytogenes.
Bacteria* ; Base Sequence ; Cloaca ; DNA ; Enterobacter cloacae ; Escherichia coli ; Klebsiella ; Listeria monocytogenes ; Operon ; Pneumonia ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Salmonella typhimurium ; Serratia ; Shigella dysenteriae