Objective:To study expression of lymphotoxin-?(LT-?)in SLE patients with the relationship of inordinate immunoregulation.Methods:The 82 SLE patients and 90 normal controls'serum concentration of LT-? protein was detected with ELISA and PBLs were separated for analyses of its encoding sequence with RNA spot hybridization.The polymorphisms of LT-? gene in PBLs were analyzed by PCR-RFLP.Results:The expressing level of LT-? in SLE patients was significantly higher than in controls for both seral protein and mRNA inPBLs(P

CpG oligonucleotide(CpG ODN)is a synthetic oligodeoxynucleotide containing non-methylated CpG,which has broad application prospects in disease prevention and clinical treatment. Among them,B class CpG ODN is widely used in vaccine research because of its strong immune stimulation and some motifs have entered the clinical research stage. At the same time,the problem of bacterial resistance in clinical treatment has become increasingly serious,and the development of bacterial vaccine with B class CpG ODN as adjuvant has become a research hotspot. This paper reviewed the current research status and related progress of the existing B class CpG ODN 1826,2006,2007 and 1668 motifs in bacterial vaccines,with a view to providing a reference for the subsequent development and application of bacterial vaccines.

No abstract available.
Appetite* ; Ghrelin* ; Growth Hormone*

No abstract available.
Appetite* ; Ghrelin* ; Growth Hormone*

The core problem of current rural health services is a governance problem, that is, how the basic rural health resources can be used more effectively. Based on the study of history and reality, this paper suggests that in the existing “government-market” framework, the village is the third perspective worthy of consideration. Inside the village community, the trust, network and cooperation between people which were based on the traditional rural acquaintances society capital and the institutional resources in the organizations at the primary level will be able to in-crease the degree of organization, thereby reducing the transaction costs between the government or the market and rural residents. The village power will be able to better take advantage of government and market mechanisms, and thus solve the problem of rural health resource utilization more effectively.

Insulin deficiency is a key factor involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Apoptosis is one of the reasons for the lose of islets. The whole process of apoptosis is quite complex. This article summarizes the role of several factors such as glucose, free fatty acid, GLP-1, and in the islets apoptosis.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss on the relationship between the research and development of new drugs and the global demands.METHODS:The demands of the world's drug market were discussed.The important issues in the research and development of the new drugs were analyzed and the thoughtful insights into these issues were put forward.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The research and development should be aimed for drug variety,dosage form,the designs of package and label and drug registration in order to meet the demands of globalization.

OBJECTIVE:To explore a marketing mode that was in conformity with both market law and consumers'needs for health care products.METHODS:Problems in the marketing of health care products in China were overviewed and the causes were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The short-sighted behavior was a problem that couldn't be neglected in the development of health care products manufacturing businesses.A long-term development mechanism should be established ranging from brand accumulating,mode of marketing,product positioning to after-sale service and etc.

OBJECTIVE:To provide the reference for Chinese pharmaceutical industry in order to satisfy the global phar-maceutical market.METHODS:The development and manufacture of new drugs in today's world market were analyzed in the respect of advancement of technology,medical fee,drug consumption,transferring of research and development center,as well as the development of multinational enterprises.RESULT&CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to the development and manufacture of new drugs in today's world market in order to promote the development of Chinese phar-maceutical industry.

?AIM: To investigate the compliance in patients with topical glaucoma therapy, and identify the most frequent barriers to adherence.?METHODS: One-on-one interview and questionnaire were taken to investigate the compliance with hypotensive eye drops in 366 patients who had been diagnosed as glaucoma and received the therapy for at least 6mo in Wuhan and suburban district from July 2014 to June 2015 in Wuhan Aier Eye Hospital.?RESULTS: The proportion of compliance was 44. 3%( 162/366 ) . Factors significantly influencing compliance included severity of the better eye, the severity of symptom when attacked, duration of medication and whether to administrate on the same time daily ( OR=5. 700,0. 554,0. 336,0. 558,P<0. 05). Age, gender, marital status, education level, economic status, domicile, knowledge of the disease, suffering from other diseases with medication, type of glaucoma, type of eye drop, frequency were not associated with a higher rate of non-compliance.? CONCLUSION: Compliance in patients with topical glaucoma therapy in Wuhan is poor. Regularly carrying out relevant health education and interventions is very important.