Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a single-strand RNA virus in the Flaviviridae family, it was recently identified from the plasma of a patient with chronic hepatitis. HOV infection may cause acute and chronic liver disease by blood transfusion, drug addicts, hemophilia, and multiple sexual partners. But clinical significance of infectious pathway is still unclear. In this report, we amplified HGV RNA by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) by primers within the highly conserved 5'-noncoding region (NCR) and used restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for the polymorphism analysis of amplified HGV gene. HGV was shown to be present in 7 of 78 (9.0%) from HCV RT-PCR positive serum samples and 5 of 58 (8.6%) from HCV RT-PCR negative serum samples. From the RFLP method HGV divided into four genotypes in 12 positive samples. Therefore, HGV genotype was distributed at least four different types in Korea.
Blood Transfusion ; Drug Users ; Flaviviridae ; GB virus C* ; Genotype ; Hemophilia A ; Hepatitis* ; Hepatitis, Chronic ; Humans ; Korea ; Liver Diseases ; Plasma ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length* ; RNA ; RNA Viruses ; Sexual Partners

No abstract available.
Antibodies* ; Hepacivirus* ; Hepatitis C* ; Hepatitis* ; Humans ; Prevalence* ; Renal Dialysis*

No abstract available.
Clavicle*

No abstract available.
Clavicle*

There has been no report on human infection of Hymenolepis diminuta in Korea until the first 3 cases were reported by our members after the identification of those eggs in stool in 1964. However, the distinct differentiation between H. diminuta and H. nana would often be difficult by the shape of eggs without adult worm. In 1965, authors found the additional case revealed the eggs in stool and succeeded to obtain three adult worms of H. diminuta from 10 years old boy in Pusan. The characteristic morphology of egg and adult worm were discussed to compare to those of H. nana. Conclusively, the first human infection of H. diminuta in Korea was reported after the identification both the eggs and adults worms
parasitology-helminth-cestoda ; Hymenolepis diminuta ; case report

When.direct approximation of the ends of the injured nerves is impossible, nerve autografting is widely used in these days. Authors tried to observe nerve regeneration in time sequence of nerve autografting and tried to find out the most optimal time for nerve autografting in experimental study. The Sprague-Dawley mice were used in performing nerve autografting and it performed with the segment of the opposite sciatic nerve as a donor nerve after resection of a sciatic nerve. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The regeneration of axon can be observed well in the first observation of 2 weeks after nerve autografting within 2 days, but active myelination can be observed apparently 4 weeks after grafting. 2. The groups of grafting within 2 days after nerve resection showed more rapid nerve regeneration and less atrophy of the reinnervated skeletal muscle than the groups of grafting over 1 week after nerve resection did. 3. In case which has been grafted at 4 weeks after nerve resection, there was abundant axonal proliferation at 4 weeks after grafting. 4. Changes of the reinnervated skeletal muscle in the groups of grafting within 2 days were subtle, but the groups of grafting after 1 week showed irregular neurogenic atrophy although nerve regeneration has been active at 8 weeks after grafting. 5. Although the functional effect can not be evaluated exactly, the result of autograft showed relatively good evidence of nerve regeneration even after grafting has been performed 16 weeks after the nerve injury.
Animals ; Atrophy ; Autografts ; Axons ; Humans ; Mice ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Myelin Sheath ; Nerve Regeneration ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Regeneration ; Sciatic Nerve ; Tissue Donors ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Transplants

PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: To evaluate normal variations and thus to avoid confusion in differentiation from lesions of the accessory structures (rhomboid fossa, foramen for supraclavicular nerve, conold tubercle) of the clavicle in chest radiographs. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We studied the variations of the clavicle in 300 chest radiographs (134 men, 166 women) and 355 dry bones (right 166, left 189; 151 men, 74 women, 130 unknown sex). RESULTS: In chest radiographs, the incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa was 229 cases (39.5%;male 52.0%, female 29.9%);the flat type was 329 cases (56.9%;male 45.7%, female 65.7%);and the elevated type was 20 cases (3.5%; male 2.4%, female 4.3%). In the dry bones, the incidence of the depressed thombold fossa was 129 cases (57.3%;male 59.6%, female 52.7%);the flat type was 65 cases (28.9%;male 24.5%, female 37. 8%) ;and the elevated type was 31 cases (13.8%;male 15.9%, female 9.5%). The incidence of the foramen for supraclavicular nerve was 0.8% in chest radiographs, and 1.4% in the dry bones. The incidence of the elevated conold tubercle was 65.1% (male 64.0%, female 65.9%) in chest radiographs, and 96.9% (male 95.4%, female 100.0%) in the dry bones. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of the depressed rhomboid fossa in chest radiographs was higher in men and the right clavicle. The incidence of flat rhombo~d fossa in chest radiographs decreased according to increase of age. The foramen for supraclavicular nerve was occasionally found (0.8% in chest radiographs; 1.4% in the dry bones).
Clavicle* ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Radiography, Thoracic* ; Thorax*

PURPOSE: Choroid Plexus papilloma is a rare intracranial neoplasm that is most commonly found in the trigone of the lateral ventricle in children or in the fourth ventricle in adult. Extraventricular extension of choroid plexus papilloma has been rarely reported within the cerebellopontine angle (CPA) cistern. Authors report two cases of choroid plexus papilloma in the posterior fossa seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MATERIALS AND METHODS: MRI findings of two cases of choroid plexus papilloma in posterior fossa were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: In the first case, the tumor was in the fourth ventricle and extended to the left CPA cistern via the foramen of Luschka. In the second case, the tumor presented as an expansile mass of the of fourth ventricle and right lateral recess. Multiple signal voids of low intensity due to prominent feeding vessels and calcifications within the tumors were noted. CONCLUSION: This report demonstrates MR findings of choroid plexus papilloma in the posterior fossa with the brief review of the literatures.
Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; Cerebellopontine Angle ; Child ; Choroid Plexus* ; Choroid* ; Fourth Ventricle ; Humans ; Lateral Ventricles ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Papilloma, Choroid Plexus* ; Retrospective Studies

STUDY OBJECTIVE: We evaluate the clinical characteristics and natural history of patients presenting with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPNM) . DESIGN: A retrospective case series was conducted to identify patients diagnosed with SPNM. ICD-7(J98.2) discharge codes were used for Jan. 1993 to Aug. 1996 at four institutions , and emergency department(ED) records and admission charts were reviewed. Clinical features, interventions, complications, setting, etiology, symptoms, and length of hospital stay were recorded. PARTICIPANTS: All ED patients more than 12 years old with a diagnosis of SPNM. RESULTS: Thirteen cases were identified. Age range was 14 to 58 years(mean 24 years). Presenting symptoms were chest pain in eight(62%), dyspnea in six(46%), both symptoms in three(23%), no complaints in three(23%). Seven(54%) patients complained only of throat discomfort. Seven(54%) had subcutaneous emphysema, and two(15.3%) had a small pneumothorax. Two(15.3%) were smokers. Three(23%) had normal esophagograms and another three had normal chest CT findings. Two cases(15.3%) were associated with inhalational drug use and three cases were due to exercise. Nine cases(69%) had a history of "Valsalva-type" maneuver. Two patients(15%) had a history of antituberculous treatment and one(7.7.%) had suffered from bronchial asthma. Mean hospital days were 7.3 days(range 3 to 14), none of all needed any intervention. Specifically, no patient developed a subsequent pneumothorax or airway compromise. Seven cases(54%) were received prophylactic antibiotics. CONCLUSION: Most simple SPNM cases are benign disease and most of them(78%) had shown typical chest pain, dyspnea and subcutaneous emphysema. Inhalational drug use is not a main cause of SPNM yet, but increase in use of bronchoinhalers is a suspicous cause of SPNM.
Anti-Bacterial Agents ; Asthma ; Chest Pain ; Child ; Diagnosis ; Dyspnea ; Emergencies ; Humans ; Length of Stay ; Mediastinal Emphysema* ; Natural History* ; Pharynx ; Pneumothorax ; Retrospective Studies ; Subcutaneous Emphysema ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed